Comprehensive Chemistry of Science (Volume I)
Note to candidates: There are * * * eight questions in the examination paper of this subject, with a full score of 200. The examination time is 120 minutes.
Scoring reviewer
1. (Only one option in each small question meets the meaning of the question. Please choose the correct answer in the answer column on page 5. All the answers written elsewhere are invalid, so zero. There are 25 small questions in this question, each with 3 points and 75 points * * *)
1. The following changes are chemical changes.
A. Ice and snow melt B. Water turns into ice C. Iron pan rusts D. Glass breaks.
2. The following substances belong to the salt is
A. sodium chloride carbon dioxide sodium hydroxide sulfuric acid
Water is an indispensable substance in human life. Which of the following statements about water is true?
A.water is inexhaustible.
B. Hard water and soft water can be distinguished by soapy water.
C. drinking distilled water for a long time is beneficial to human health.
D. the rain is pure.
4. The basic operation of the following experiment is correct.
According to the analysis of small family experiments you have done, if you add a proper amount of water to the following substances and stir them fully, you will not get a solution.
A. salt B. vegetable oil C. white sugar D. soda ash (Na2CO3)
6. The following phenomena have nothing to do with water vapor in the air.
A. Crispy biscuits will soften in the air.
B. Take the mineral water out of the freezer in summer, and water drops will appear on the bottle wall in a short time.
C. Put concentrated sulfuric acid into open air to increase the quality of the solution.
D, putting limewater in the air to deteriorate.
In August 2008, China successfully hosted the Olympic Games. The Olympic torch uses propane as fuel, and its combustion products are pollution-free, which embodies the "green Olympics". The chemical equation of propane (denoted by R) combustion is: R+5O2 = = = = 3CO2+4H2O. The chemical formula of propane (r) is:
A.CH4 B . C2 h6 C . C3 h8 D . C4 h 10
With the development of electronic industry, the demand for silicon, the main material of computer chips, is increasing. One of the methods to produce silicon in industry is: sicl4+2h2 = = Si+4hcl. This reaction belongs to
A. Displacement reaction B. Decomposition reaction C. Combination reaction D. Double decomposition reaction
9. The main component of the crystal is silicon dioxide (SiO2), in which the valence of silicon is
A.+2B。 +3C。 +4D。 +5
10. Chemistry is closely related to life. The following practices will not endanger human health or have no potential safety hazards.
A. Cooking with industrial salt sodium nitrite instead of salt.
B. When taking a bath with a gas water heater in winter, close the doors and windows.
C. When the kitchen gas leaks, quickly turn on the exhaust fan.
D. Children and the elderly should be properly supplemented with calcium under the guidance of doctors.
1 1. The following experimental phenomena are not described correctly.
A. Iron wire burns in oxygen, and sparks are everywhere, producing black solids.
B. When the iron wire is inserted into hydrochloric acid, no bubbles are generated and the solution does not change color.
C. Red phosphorus burns in the air, producing a lot of white smoke.
D hydrochloric acid drops into sodium hydroxide solution, and there is no obvious phenomenon.
12. It is incorrect to explain the following phenomena in life with molecular knowledge.
A. When water is heated, it becomes steam, and water molecules split into atoms.
B. When you pass by the canteen, you can smell the food, indicating that the molecules are constantly moving.
C. After 50 ml of water and 50 ml of alcohol are mixed, the total volume is less than 100 ml, indicating that there are gaps between molecules.
D. The burning stick burns more brightly in a gas cylinder filled with oxygen, and goes out in a gas cylinder filled with carbon dioxide, indicating that different molecules have different chemical properties.
13. The following substances will not cause air pollution.
A. Inhalable particulate matter B. Oxygen C. Sulfur dioxide D. Nitrogen dioxide
14. To distinguish the following groups of substances, the added reagents or operation methods are wrong.
Select the reagent or operation method for the substance to be distinguished.
A take a small amount of synthetic fiber and pure wool and smell it after burning.
Take a small amount of BNa2SO4 solution and AgNO3 solution, add hydrochloric acid, and observe whether there is precipitation.
Observe the color of gold and brass.
D the smell of white vinegar and water
15. The following statement is incorrect.
A. Fire can be extinguished by lowering the temperature of combustible materials below the ignition point.
B. Nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) cannot be mixed with hydrated lime.
Many properties of alloys are usually better than those of pure metals.
D. Iron rusts more easily in dry air than in humid air.
Scoring reviewer
Five, (this big topic ***5 small questions, 2 points for each space, 3 points for each chemical equation, ***20 points)
40. The following particles are represented by chemical symbols:
(1) water molecule _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(2) calcium ions with two unit positive charges _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
4 1. Carbon dioxide is a gas that causes the greenhouse effect. Please write a chemical equation with carbon dioxide: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. As the negative impact of the greenhouse effect on human survival is becoming more and more serious, Please propose measures to slow down the greenhouse effect: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
______________________________________。
42. The solubility of potassium nitrate solid at different temperatures is as follows:
Temperature/℃
Solubility/g13.331.663.9110/69
Answer according to the above table:
(1) The solubility of potassium nitrate is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with the increase of temperature (fill in "increase" or "decrease");
(2) At 20℃, add 30g of solid potassium nitrate into100g of water, and fully stir to obtain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
43. In this year's scientific experiment, Kobayashi dropped NaCl solution into AgNO3 solution, resulting in white precipitate. Please write down the chemical equation of this reaction: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
44. The structural diagram of a particle is: the number of protons in this particle is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
45. At the beginning of 2008, Changsha City suffered from an exceptionally severe snow disaster. Among them, road icing brings great inconvenience to traffic. In order to quickly eliminate the snow and ice on the road, the transportation department uses a large number of snow melting agents (mainly composed of NaCl, NaNO3, CaCl2, MgCl2, etc.). A year later, Xiaoyi and her classmates inspected the bridges, road facilities and surrounding vegetation. Please answer:
(1) Does the use of industrial salt as a snow melting agent have an impact on the environment? (Fill in "Yes" or "None").
(2) If yes, what are the main aspects (at least two points)?
(3) Do you have any suggestions for using snow melting agent?
46. It is known that A, B, C, D and E are five common substances in junior middle school chemistry. Among them, A and D are black solids, B, C and E are colorless gases, the relative molecular mass of B is less than that of C, and D contains the most widely used metal elements. Their transformation relationship under certain conditions is shown in the right figure (other reactants and products have been omitted). Please answer the following questions:
(1) Comment on the "advantages" and "disadvantages" of Material B (write one article each)
Benefits: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
Disadvantages: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) Write the chemical equation of transforming E into D: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Scoring reviewer
Seven, (this big topic ***2 small questions, 47 questions 8 points, 48 questions 8 points, ***l 6 points)
47. The laboratory has experimental devices as shown in the figure:
A B C D E
(1) Write down the name of the marked instrument on the drawing: A. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ B. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2) When making gas in the laboratory, check the _ _ _ _ _ of the equipment first.
(3) In the laboratory, limestone reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to prepare carbon dioxide. The generator shall be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (the letter code of filling device is the same below), and the collecting device shall be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. The method of checking whether carbon dioxide is completely collected is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(4) In the laboratory, oxygen is usually produced by the following methods: ① mixing hydrogen peroxide and manganese dioxide; (2) mixing and heating potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide; ③ Decomposition of potassium permanganate by heating. Among them, the preparation method that best embodies the concept of "energy saving and environmental protection" is _ _ _ _ _ (fill in the serial number).
(5) A classmate filled a bottle of oxygen with device C, and found that the oxygen was impure during the experiment. The reason may be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
____________________________________________________________。
48. Calcium carbonate is a white solid, which is soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid and produces colorless gas. Some students want to know which particles (H2O, H+, Cl-) in dilute hydrochloric acid can dissolve calcium carbonate and produce colorless gas. Please complete this exploration with him through the four experiments shown on the right.
(1) Your hypothesis is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
___________________________________________。
(2) Through experiment ①, it can be proved that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) In order to prove whether the other two particles can dissolve calcium carbonate and produce colorless gas, experiments ③ and ④ are needed:
In ③, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (4) should add _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) Your query result is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Scoring reviewer
Eight, (this big topic ***l small topic, ***6 points)
(Relative atomic mass: iron: 56, carbon: 12, oxygen: 16)
49. The laboratory uses carbon monoxide to reduce iron oxide to produce iron. The reaction principle is 3co+3co+Fe2O3 = = 2fe+3co2. Now, after 4.0g of iron oxide fully reacts with enough carbon monoxide, the quality of iron can be obtained.
Changsha junior high school graduation examination paper in 2009
Reference answers and grading standards of comprehensive chemistry in science
1. (Please fill in the correct answer options in the answer box below. Elsewhere, all the answers are invalid, zero. There are ***25 small questions in this question, each with 3 points and * * * 75 points. )
The title is12345678 91012131415.
Answer C A B C B D C A C D B A B C D
Five, (this big topic ***5 small questions, 2 points for each space, 3 points for each chemical equation, ***20 points)
40.( 1) H2O (2 points) (2)Ca2+(2 points)
41.CaCO3+2hcl = CaCl2+H2O+CO2 = (or C+O2 = = CO2 and other reasonable answers) (3 points).
Reduce carbon dioxide emissions (other reasonable answers are acceptable) (2 points)
42.( 1) Increase (2 points) (2 points) Unsaturation (2 points).
43.NaCl+AgNO3 = AgCl ↓+Nano3 (3 points)
44. 1 1 (2 points) cation (2 points)
Six, (this big topic ***2 small questions, 45 questions 8 points, 46 questions 5 points, ***l 3 points)
45.( 1) Yes (2 points)
(2) Water pollution, iron corrosion and soil pollution (other reasonable answers are acceptable) (4 points)
(3) Remove part of the snow and ice, then use a small amount of snow melting agent and use chemical fertilizer as snow melting agent (or other reasonable answers) (2 points)
46.( 1) as a fuel (or other reasonable answers such as smelting metal) (1)
Toxic (or other reasonable answers such as environmental pollution) (1)
(2) 3Fe+2O2 = = Fe3O4 (3 points)
Vii. (This big topic ***2 small topics, 47 questions with 8 points, 48 questions with 8 points, *** 16 points)
47.( 1) Alcohol lamp container (2 points); (2) Air tightness (1);
(3) Put the burning batten into the bottle mouth (3 points);
(4)①( 1);
(5) Collect bubbles (other reasonable answers are acceptable) before bubbles come out continuously and uniformly (or the gas container is not filled with water or the glass sheet is not covered underwater) (1 min).
48. (1) H+ in dilute hydrochloric acid dissolves CaCO3 to produce colorless gas (1);
(2)H2O can't dissolve CaCO3 and produce colorless gas (2 points);
(3) Nitric acid (or acetic acid, etc. ) sodium chloride solution (or potassium chloride solution, etc. ) (The order of answers can be reversed) (4 points);
(4)H+ dissolves CaCO3 to produce colorless gas (1).
49. let the mass of available iron be x.
3CO+Fe2O3 === 2Fe+3CO2
160 1 12
4.0 grams x
Answer: 2.8g of iron can be obtained.