In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, poets came forth in large numbers, and young poets also came into being. Yu, a woman from Chang 'an, is a representative writer among the female crowned poets in the late Tang Dynasty. She is brilliant, beautiful and affectionate, and is as famous as the famous poetess Ye Li and Xue Tao. Huangfumei's "Sanshui Xinzi" spoke highly of her outstanding poetic talent and skills: "The colors are fascinating, the thoughts are fascinating, and she likes reading, especially singing a poem." However, in feudal society, women's talents could not be brought into full play. In addition, their life is too complicated, their marriage is unfortunate, and their heartless life forces them into the Taoist temple and becomes an indulgent female Taoist. Finally, he was sentenced to death because he was jealous of killing his maid-in-waiting. This beautiful and affectionate talented woman, whose short and sad life has aroused people's infinite feelings so far, and then she cried.
Yu, formerly known as Huichang for two years, was born in the suburb of Chang 'an (now Shaanxi Province). Father Fish read many poems, but failed to achieve fame all his life. He had to devote all his efforts to his only daughter, Youwei, and deliberately framed her. Under his father's education, the intelligent and studious Wei was able to recite hundreds of famous poems at the age of five, and began to learn to write poems at the age of seven. At the age of eleven or twelve, her works have been circulated among Chang 'an literati and are known as "poetry". Wen was a great poet in Chang 'an at that time (about 8 12-866). Fei Qing, a native of Taiyuan, had a bad career, and Guo Zi was appointed as a teaching assistant. He went to visit Yu Youwei and asked him to improvise a poem with the theme of "Spring River Willow". Fish Youwei held his chin in his hand and pondered a little. After a while, she quickly wrote a poem on a piece of stationery: "Green is even on the barren shore, and smoke is far away;" In spring, the shadows of trees spread and the flowers fall to catch people's heads. Rooted in the old Tibetan fish cave, the bottom of the branch is a guest boat; This is a stormy night, it is a nightmare. " Wen repeatedly recites poems, feeling that no matter how he chooses words and makes sentences, even the tone of sound and rhyme, or the artistic conception and poetry, it is a rare masterpiece. Such a poem was written by a little girl in an instant, which could not help but make the talented poet gasp in admiration. Wen admires the intelligence and wisdom, and deeply feels that the poor living environment of the little girl is not commensurate with her talent, and love arises spontaneously. From then on, he often went to the fish house, carefully taught poetry and songs, and became the teacher and friend of this "poetry boy".
Soon, Lucy li, a well-known family in Jiangling, came to Beijing to take over Zuo Buque, and was sealed for his ancestral shadow. He admired promising talent and beauty, fell in love with one of them at first sight and finally fell in love with him. After Yu Youwei became Li's concubine, they lived a harmonious and happy life. However, Lucy li's wife, Shi Pei, was jealous of the mystery, and the timid Lucy li was forced to write a divorce certificate and endured the pain to sweep the mystery out of the house. This gorgeous woman was mercilessly abandoned after only a few months of marriage. Desperate mystery, so we have to go to Chang 'an Xian yiguang to be a woman. In fact, after she and Lucy li broke up, they still loved each other deeply. But his wife is very strict, and Pei's influence is all over the capital, so he dare not go to see the mystery. She had to be alone with the ancient Buddha in Deng Qing, silently swallow the bitter tears of acacia, and express her yearning for her lover with pen and ink. In this way, three years have passed in the unforgettable yearning and waiting. The mystery of infatuation happened to be learned from the guest's conversation that her infatuated lover Lucy li had left Beijing with his wife and went to Yangzhou to be an official. When the mystery was heard, it was like thunder, and the feelings were abolished. It's hard to change the truth about her impetuousness! Since then, she has seen through the world of mortals, enjoyed herself in time, stopped fantasizing about love and embarked on a bohemian life.
Taoist temples in the Tang Dynasty were generally used as places for sightseeing and communication. Takisaku, the top female scholar in various temples in the capital, wrote poems or sang duets with others, and Yu was the best among them. One day, she posted a red paper notice outside the temple, which was undoubtedly a banner. In less than a few days, the news spread all over Chang 'an. Scholars and poets who think they have some talents have visited Yu in Xianyi Pavilion, talking about poetry and paper, chatting and teasing, and even in the dark, Yu's fame has spread more and more widely. On the surface, this romantic day seems leisurely and beautiful, but in fact it is a resistance to an unfortunate marriage. She is tired of everything in the world and wants to get rid of the bondage of the world, accompanied by the subtle psychological changes brought about by this life. I am surrounded by a beautiful maid named Qing Qiao. According to historical records, one day, Yu was out on business, and it happened that her good friend visited, and Green Joe received him inside. When Xuan Ji came back, she suspected that her maid had sex with Yang Chen. She was so jealous that she accidentally killed Green while flogging her. Life is at stake, born to die. Finally, Jing He was executed. Only 26 years old, Yu hurried through her sad life.
Yu's poetic rhyme, a chant; A good epigram is often circulated among scholars. She had contacts with many literati and celebrities at that time, and became a mentor with the famous poet Wen, exchanging poems with each other. With Li Ying (birth and death unknown. Antonie Gong, Zi Chu Wang, from Chang 'an. In ten years, the first scholar, the official to serve the empire) lived in the same lane, and sometimes there were poems and Jane back and forth; There are often some romantic people visiting with wine during the dinner, singing the piano and writing poems, which are very charming. In this respect, our poems are the best. For example, when there was no mystery, Wen left Chang 'an and went to Xiangyang to be the staff of the secretariat Xu Jian. When the autumn leaves fall, Yu Youwei wrote a five-character poem "Farewell to Clear the Distance" for missing an old friend far away:
The steps are noisy and the pavilions are clear; In the middle of the month, the neighbors are ringing, and the upstairs is far away.
The pillow is cold, and the piano sends hate; Ji Jun lazy book gift, substrate to comfort autumn?
Perhaps because of the age gap, perhaps because of the sense of shame (it is said that Wen is ugly), although Wen likes to be promising, he has always kept his feelings within the boundaries of teachers and students or friends, and he dare not take another step forward. Wei, the little fish in Seeds of Love, has pinned her desire for love on her teacher. After Wen left, she expressed her loneliness and lovesickness through poetry for the first time. The poem is romantic and touching, and it is sincere and sincere. After the poem was sent out, there was no reply from the geese. In a blink of an eye, winter comes in Qiu Lai, the plane leaves fall, and the winter night is bleak. With the bitterness of a girl, Yu Youwei wrote Wen Feiqing on a Winter Night, full of sadness and tears:
Struggling to find poetry under the lamp, sleepless nights are afraid of the cold; The court is full of fallen leaves and worries about the wind, and the screen window cherishes the sinking moon.
Evacuation does not smell, it will follow, and it will go up and down; Sitting in seclusion, the phoenix tree is fixed, and the dusk birds ring around the forest.
In Yu's poems, all the entertainment for friends is frankly expressed in the form of singing, and there is no need to hide it. For example, "I heard that Li Duangong came back with a gift from fishing": "I'm not ashamed like a couple, but I'm still going fishing in Los Angeles"; "Forever in my heart": "When you go to Qiu Lai in spring, acacia still exists, and there is little information when you go to spring in autumn"; "I have a feeling of seeing my friends off in late spring": "Yingying's words are shocking, and her old makeup has changed"; "Reward Li to send condolences": "Only the clouds and fans are similar, and they hate the early autumn with the silver bed"; "Qiu Si": "Don't hate your friends, cultivate your temperament, throw away the bitter waves" and so on, all of which show her affectionate and deep thoughts and feelings. It is rare for ancient female writers to be so bold and open-minded. However, this kind of behavior was regarded as "disorderly manners and customs", which led to various criticisms of the society at that time.
Yu's works about childlike innocence are vigorous and vivid, and his confessions are true and straightforward, especially some love poems, which are quite bold and contain deep feelings. For example, I miss my husband's "Chun Qing sends children to Ann":
The mountain road is steep and dangerous. Don't worry about suffering from acacia.
Ice is far from the stream, and snow is far from the cold peak.
Don't listen to every song, spring sickness wine. Don't be greedy for chess at night
For example, the leader of the loose bandit stone alliance is here. It will be later than brother-in-law.
Although I hate walking alone, winter is over. When the last time we met was the full moon.
Don't you have anything to give? Tears flow into poetry.
This is a touching and thoughtful poem. The first pair of couplets describes the suffering of lovesickness in the rugged mountain roads and steep cliffs. The second couplet narrates Li Zian's charm with the association of ice and snow scenery; Sanlian pays a gentle tribute to the beloved through the concept of eating and drinking; Fourth, Wulian is loyal and firm, looking forward to a happy ending. Through this poem full of compassion and tears, we can easily see how sympathetic a versatile female at the bottom of feudal society is in a miserable and sad mood!
Among Yu's existing works, there are many poems he gave to his lover, and his feelings are particularly deep. For example:
If you are drunk, leave it alone and there is no reason to leave your intestines;
The cymbidium rests in the garden, and the willow accompanies the guest boat.
The gathering and dispersion are uncertain, and thinking about feelings must be learned from the long running water;
It's hard to know when there will be a flower season, so I came to Ken Tired and Drunken Jade House.
-"Send the children"
It is always futile to drink ice and take medicine, and the kettle is closed in a dream;
Qin Jing wanted to be sad, but Shunqin had to complain and fly.
The leaves of tung trees beside the well sound of autumn rain, and the silver lights under the window are dark;
Where is the letter? Hold the pole to the sky.
-"Send Li Zian"
These poems are profound and profound, which can be described as the heartbroken sound of "Qian Fan without". This sad woman waiting in plain clothes at the end of the Tang Dynasty failed to get together with her beloved. Her famous "Gangneung's Sorrow and Hope for My Children's Peace" has been widely read:
Maple leaves are full of skills, and river bridges are covered with dusk sails;
Remember that your heart is like the Xihe River, which flows eastward day and night.
The first sentence begins with the melancholy rise of autumn scenery in Jiangling. Maple leaves are born by the river. When the west wind comes, the sound of rustling in the forest is easy to touch people's feelings. "A thousand branches reply to ten thousand branches", which is based on the number of maple leaves. At first glance, the river bridge was hidden in the maple forest, and it was dusk, but the man had not returned by boat. The word "Yin" covers the eyes with maple leaves, conveying the anxious expression of people in the poem. The first two sentences are written in the hope that people will not come, and the last two sentences are written in the love of acacia. The endless use of the river is better than the endless rest of lovesickness, which is exactly the same as the metaphor in Xu Gan's famous poem Thinking Infernal Affairs. "Xijiang River" and "East Flow" are "unclear, but they are exactly what you want" ("Xiangqilou Shi Shuo"), which reminds people of Li Houzhu's famous sentence "How much sorrow can I ask you? Just like a river flowing eastward. " The second sentence of this poem is "The river bridge shadows the sunset and sails late", and the Southern Song version is "The river bridge shadows the sunset and sails late", which the researchers think is better.
Yu's "Give a Daughter to the Neighbor" (for Mr.) is a famous sentence written in despair after she learned that she left Chang 'an with her wife:
Shame on sleeves, worry about spring and lazy makeup;
It's easier to find priceless treasure than to have a lover.
Tears are hidden on the pillow, and flowers are dark and heartbroken;
You can spy out why Song Yu hates Wang Chang.
The whole poem pretends to be a "girl next door". In the first part, it is written that the girl next door was abandoned by a "fickle lover" and covered her face with "sleeves" and was ashamed to see the sun. Full of "spring worries" and lazy to dress up; Couplets are the inner monologues of neighbors' daughters, which are extremely painful. It is also the poet's self-injury and lament that "a bosom friend is hard to find"; Sanlian further describes infinite sadness; The couplet is based on the little girl who climbed the wall for three years to spy on the minister in Song Yu's Ode to a Disciple. But this conceited talented woman is still reserved. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Wang Chang was a man who was "handsome and admired by the world". He could not see Lucy li secretly here. A kind of bitterness bends from the strange peak between the lines: I am sure to find a caring bosom friend, so why blame the person who once loved but abandoned himself?
Ancient female poets wrote poems to express their feelings, and Yu was no exception. The love she sought during the full moon was never available, so she fell into the anguish and sadness that she could not get rid of. Her poem "Autumn Hatred" wrote:
Sighing and affectionate, full of sadness and romantic autumn.
The bridal chamber is closer to the sound, and I want to grow old before the lamp every night.
In Yu's works, such lyric poems abound. For example, "Blessing a Spring Willow": "Whispering in a stormy night, you will be surprised by your dreams and add to your worries." This is touching and personal. "To the neighbor's daughter": "Tears are hidden on the pillow, and flowers are heartbroken"; "Friends can't stop the rain": "Homesickness mourns autumn guests and mourns five-character poems"; "Late spring is a thing": "The street is near the drums, sleepy, and the court is gossiping." Mourning for the Generation: "It's lonely to be engaged on a rainy night." And "send hometown incense": "Look at the rolling bead curtain on the mountain, and sorrow grows with the grass." Everyone can see his sadness that he wants to grow old in front of the lamp every night. As Wan Man said in the "Tang Ji Xu Lu": "Mystery is good at chanting, and the style of writing is beautiful. Although it may involve family ties, it is gentle and elegant, full of sadness. Women's collection, only this one, how evil! " Generally speaking, her poems are profound, beautiful, simple, graceful and full of affection.
Yu's sadness in love life is not limited to Farewell, Qiu Si, Sorrow and Forever in My Heart. In official career, she hates that she can't be a person and can't give full play to her talents. Once in the top spot, she can show her talents in officialdom. She wrote in the poem "Visiting the South Tower of Chongzhen and Its Title": "I hate Luo Yi's poems, and I look up and admire the famous names on the list." Xin, the author of Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty, admired her very much and said, "If you are eager to meet her, you will become a useful person." She said in the poem "Selling Residual Peony": "It's because high-priced people don't ask, but it smells good and hard to kiss." It also clearly shows the sadness of "disappointment with the breeze", which shows that his mind is extraordinary.
It should also be mentioned that there is a poem "Playing Ball" in Yu's poetry collection, which can be regarded as a poem describing the ancient game of playing ball. His poems are as follows:
Strong and smooth, the flow of stars, the moon stick does not rest.
When there are no obstacles, fiddle with them and tick where there are obstacles.
Don't hesitate to turn around, but I'm afraid it won't end
After all, it's time to start. May you strive for the highest salary increase.
The poet wrote "playing ball", also called "polo". She wrote about wooden balls like "Stream of Stars", bats with crescent heads, and scenes of hitting wooden balls with sticks. After the ball hits the goal, it gets 1 point, which is recorded as "chip", and those who score more points are "high chip". The whole poem is lively, interesting and intriguing.
There is a volume of Yu Poetry, and 49 poems are collected. Now, the Beijing Library has an engraving of the Southern Song Dynasty. In addition, Yu's Folding Willow is included in Wen Yuan, but it is not concentrated, so 50 poems of Yu have been preserved since ancient times. Poems of Tang Girl, collected in the Song edition of Beijing Library, was engraved by the source library of Jie Chen in the Song Dynasty, and the end of the volume was engraved with the seal of the library of Mu Chennan in Lin 'an Prefecture. This book was collected by Zhu Chengjue, Xiang and other bibliophiles in Ming Dynasty. In the eighth year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, it was acquired by the great bibliophile Huang Pilie. In the fifth year of the Republic of China, it fell into Yuan's hands again. Later, it was issued for the collection of Beitu and eventually became a national collection.