Cuneiform writing: Sumerians may be the first people in the world to use writing systematically. There were stone characters in 3600 AD; Archaeologists found a clay tablet written around 3200 BC, engraved with picture symbols and linear symbols, in Ohimir Hill near Kish. Around 2700 BC, Sumerians had a library, and the French archaeologist De Sazek once unearthed more than 30,000 pieces of clay tablets in one place, which was a collection of a library. Later, Persians in the Iranian plateau improved this Mesopotamian cuneiform and gradually turned it into an advanced alphabet.

B. literature:

The ancient Babylonians were able to write beautiful articles, and the reading order was from right to left. In 2000 BC, Sumerians (equivalent to the Xia Dynasty in China, but the Xia Dynasty was a legend, only the symbols on pottery were suspected of writing. Written history goes from right to left. Pronunciation is produced, but it does not become letters. This process was completed by the Egyptians. Characters are mainly used to write IOUs and prayers, and gradually develop into stories, legends and poems. The Epic of Gilgamesh is the oldest known heroic epic in the world. As early as 4000 years ago, it was circulated among Sumerians. After thousands of years of processing and refining, it was finally handed down in the form of words during the Babylonian kingdom (BC19th century-BC16th century). This is a hymn about the forgotten, who is the hero of uruk, the metropolis that ruled the Sumerian dynasty. Although it is a work with nearly 1/3 defects, we can still feel the Sumerians' admiration for their great heroes from the remaining 2000 lines.

C, invented the wheel and turntable, and later generations deduced various wheels and gears, which provided great convenience for production and life.

D. The earliest human calendar was born: Sumerians invented the lunar calendar, which was one of the most important inventions of early humans. They found that it takes 29 and a half days for the moon to travel from the first month of Emei to the next. People regard such a cycle as a basic time unit (we call it a month), and then add up the number of these time units until the season completes a cycle. In this way, Sumerians concluded that there were 12 moons.