The purpose of feminist theory is to understand the essence of inequality and pay attention to gender politics, power relations and sex. Challenges of feminist political action, such as reproductive rights, abortion rights, education rights, domestic violence, fertility? Vacation), equal pay, voting rights, sexual harassment, gender discrimination and sexual violence, etc. The topics discussed by feminism include discrimination, stereotype, materialization (especially about sex), body, housework distribution, oppression and patriarchy.
The conceptual basis of feminism is that the current society is based on the patriarchal system in which men are given more privileges than women.
Modern feminist theory mainly comes from western middle-class academic circles, but it is not complete. However, the feminist movement is a grassroots movement that transcends class and racial boundaries. The feminist movement in each culture has its own uniqueness, and it will raise questions for women in that society, such as genital mutilation in Sudan. Mutilation, please see female circumcision) or the glass ceiling effect in North America (glass? The ceiling). Rape, incest and motherhood are common problems.
From the perspective of modern philosophy and social movements, feminism usually originated from1thinkers in the Enlightenment era in the 8th century. Such as mary wollstonecraft (Mary? Wollstonecraft) by "defending women's rights" (a? Plead? Yes? That? Right? Yes? Woman) is one of the few works that can be called feminism before19th century. Wollstonecraft compared women to noble social elites, spoiled and vulnerable, and in danger of intellectual and moral laziness. She believes that both men and women are responsible for this situation, and people take it for granted that women have more power than men. But this does not mean that other works on gender equality did not exist earlier. Such as the mysterious philosopher Enrique cornelius agrippa (Heinrich? Cornelius? Agrippa) in 1529 "Speech on The nobility and Excellence of women" (The? Recite? Open? That? Noble? And then what? Excellence? Yes? That? Woman? Sex).
Feminism gradually transformed into an organized social movement in the19th century, because at that time, it was increasingly believed that women were treated unfairly in a male-centered society (see patriarchy). The feminist movement is rooted in western progressivism, especially the reform movement in19th century. Organized movement began in Seneca Falls in new york (Seneca? Waterfall? New? York) held the first feminist conference.
Emmeline pankhurst (Emmeline? Pankhurst) is one of the founders of women's political participation movement. She tried to expose gender discrimination in the British social system and established the women's social and political alliance (The? Female? Socializing? And then what? Politics? After many members were arrested for minor crimes, they were arrested for the Cat and Mouse Act (The? Cat? And then what? Rats? Act 16: 10 went in and out of prison several times and was provoked to hunger strike several times. As a result, forced feeding made these members seriously ill, and the cruelty of the legal system at that time attracted social attention, thus contributing to their goals.
Early feminists and the initial feminist movement are often called "the first wave of feminist movement" (the? The first wave), and feminism after 1960 is called "the second wave feminism" (the? The second wave). There is also the so-called third wave feminism (The? Third-wave), but feminists have different views on its necessity, contribution and concept. These three "waves" are so called because, like waves, one wave after another never stops, and the latecomers use the contributions and resources of their predecessors. A very important supporting factor of modern feminism is anthropologist margaret mead? Mead) published Gender and Temperament of Three Primitive Tribes (Gender? And then what? Temperament? Are you online? Three? Primitive Community, 1935). She is a professor at Columbia University and one of the main leaders of American feminism, Bella Abu Zag (Bella? Abzug) went to college. In Meade's book, it is reported that women of Cha Embree tribe are dominant, but this has not caused any problems. This book convinces the intellectuals in Abu Zagreb's time that the concepts of men and women in Europe are very cultural-oriented, not indelible.