What are the writing methods and skills of expository writing? Whether you are studying at school or at work, you will participate in writing a composition or thesis. How to write the explanatory text? Is there any method or skill? I have compiled articles for you to explain writing methods and skills. You are welcome to refer to them.

Writing methods and skills of expository writing 1 skills 1

(A) grasp the characteristics of things, grasp the center of interpretation

Everything has its own qualitative stipulation, and the characteristic of one thing is that it is different from other things. Only by grasping the characteristics of things can we accurately and clearly introduce the things explained to readers and make people have a definite understanding of things. Things often have various characteristics, and it is impossible to cover everything in an explanatory article when introducing things; You can say only one or two characteristics at a time as needed. Therefore, if you want to write a good exposition, you must also grasp the center of the exposition. For example, "Wandering Pi" is an explanatory article that introduces the basis of mathematics. This article, called Random Talk, does not pile up materials about pi at will, but introduces the contributions made by mathematicians at home and abroad to the value of pi around the center of finding a more accurate value of pi.

It is an important requirement to grasp the characteristics of things and the center of explanation. To do this, the author must make a thorough and detailed study of the things to be explained before writing. We must understand that we can do this only if we are familiar with what is explained and understand and master the regularity of what is explained.

(B) according to the specific circumstances, choose a good writing angle.

What angle to choose when writing an explanatory article depends on the actual situation. For example, introducing the knowledge of cattle, if written for breeders, should focus on the life habits and characteristics of cattle; If it is written for users, it should focus on the function and strength of cattle; If it is written for a veterinarian, it mainly introduces its body structure; If it is written for consumers, it can mainly introduce its nutritional value. Of course, as an introduction to popular science knowledge, it is better to be comprehensive.

(three) explain clearly and clearly.

The purpose of writing expositions is to let people acquire knowledge and skills. Only by explaining clearly can this goal be achieved. Explain, as soon as you say it, how to explain it clearly, pay attention to the method of explanation, pay attention to the arrangement of structure, and pay attention to the use of language. About the method of explanation, I won't introduce it in detail here. Here, I will focus on the arrangement of organizational structure.

The organization of the article is the reflection of the characteristics and laws of objective things and events themselves in the structure of the article. Explanatory words should be arranged in their own order, so as to be clear-cut and clear-cut. First of all, pay attention to the order when arranging the structure of the explanatory text. Different types of expositions have different requirements on how to arrange the structure. The description of the product production process is often arranged according to the product production process. For example, Ye Shengtao's The Making of Cloisonne is an exposition of this handicraft. According to the procedure of manufacturing technology, detailed explanations were made in turn, and five key processes were grasped: tire making, silk kneading, painting, firing and polishing. The whole article is orderly and gives a very clear impression. This arrangement focuses on the process of writing in chronological order.

(4) The language is accurate and concise, and the words are popular and simple.

Choosing accurate language and explaining things accurately are the basic requirements of interpreting language. Explanatory text mainly introduces the content of knowledge, and only by truthfully reflecting the objective situation of the explained content can the scientific nature of knowledge be guaranteed. On the contrary, inaccurate language will lose the scientific nature of knowledge.

Tip 2

1 Understand the six elements of expository writing

As we all know, to write a narrative, you must have six elements of a narrative to write a narrative well, while an expository, like a narrative, must also master the elements of an expository to write a narrative well, which can be summarized as the following six aspects:

(1) describes the object.

(2) the characteristics of the interpreted object.

(3) Describe the method.

(4) explain the order.

(5) explain the method.

(6) The nature, performance, function, causes and internal relations of the explained object.

2. There are six conditions for writing a clear exposition.

In other words, if you want to write a good exposition, you must have at least six conditions, so how to use these six conditions?

First, what is the goal? This requires you to tell the reader clearly what you want to explain.

Second, what are the characteristics of the explained object? What are the characteristics? The so-called characteristics are the signs that distinguish this thing from other things, because everything has its own characteristics. Only by grasping its characteristics can we distinguish the things to be explained from other things in essence, so that you can make the objects to be explained clear and achieve the purpose of explanation. For example, in the article "Where does food come from? The author grasps the fundamental characteristics of the object, that is, plants rely on autotrophy, and animals and most microorganisms rely on Yiyang. If the author doesn't grasp this feature, I'm afraid it's hard to make it clear by wasting a lot of ink. Therefore, mastering the characteristics of the object to be explained is extremely important for writing an explanatory article, but to accurately and orderly explain the characteristics of things, we must first have a clear understanding of things, observe and experience in life, participate in practice, conduct in-depth research, and persistently remember, which is the fundamental way for us to understand things. There are many examples of this. Therefore, only by observing and observing, knowing and knowing, can we clearly understand the characteristics of things.

Third, according to the characteristics of the things being explained, the signature method is determined in two ways: plain description and vivid description. The simple description language is concise, accurate and easy to understand, and does not contain descriptive elements. For example, the overall planning method uses descriptive elements to describe vividly, and uses vivid words to visualize and concretize abstract things, giving people a vivid impression and being interesting. For example, reading clouds to know the weather can sometimes be used. And vivid descriptions will complement each other. For example, in Zhou's article about spiders, when introducing the physiology and mechanism of spider spinning, he used biological terms and made a scientific explanation, which was a plain explanation. When introducing the fighting scenes of spiders catching mosquitoes and flies on the Internet, the author used vivid descriptions, which made the language accurate, vivid and vivid, enhanced the explanation effect of the article, and made readers not only know, but also feel more interesting. In a word, the interpretation method can be used flexibly according to the characteristics of the object.

Fourth, determine the order of instructions. Because the objects of instructions are different, the order of instructions will be different, which can be summarized into three categories. Write in chronological order, including program instructions, such as from Oracle Bone Inscriptions to Pocket Library. Second, according to spatial order spatial order, it is divided into four directions: top-down, inside-out, left-to-right or right-to-left, middle-to-sides, front-to-back, and east, west, north and south. For example, the Palace Museum and the Great Hall of the People. The third is to write in logical order. The so-called logical order is to arrange the order according to the relationship between things, such as Guang Hai.

In short, only by arranging the explanation order reasonably can the article be coherent and give a clear and complete impression.

Fifth, the correct use of explanation methods, commonly used explanation methods are: definition, classification, examples, comparison, analogy, numbers, charts and so on. As for how to explain things, this must be considered before writing. Without a proper explanation method, the purpose of explanation can't be achieved. Which interpretation method or methods should be used? It depends on the characteristics of the object to be interpreted. For example, in the article "Where does food come from? The author divides the way organisms get food into two categories: autotrophic and heterotrophic. Then, according to the way of obtaining food, it is further explained that autotrophic, photosynthetic dependence and non-photosynthetic dependence and eutrophication can be divided into two categories: plants that cannot be processed and transformed, animals that can be processed and transformed and humans. This hierarchical classification is not only in line with scientific principles, but also clear. At the same time of classification, the author also uses metaphors and examples to define column numbers. This appropriate comprehensive application greatly enhances the effect of explanation. In a word, the explanation method can't be generalized, but should be used appropriately according to the characteristics and actual needs of the things to be explained.

Sixth, according to the different objects of interpretation, it can be divided into fifteen kinds of interpretation, logical interpretation and procedural interpretation. Physical interpretation should focus on the nature, category, state performance, function and causes of things according to the characteristics of the explained object. The description of the transaction should explain the internal relations of related things, and the description of the program should clearly write the order of the operation steps.

Tip 3

I. Classification

1. From the description object: the description of things and the description of things.

2. From the linguistic features of expository writing: simple expository writing and vivid expository writing.

Second, the order of interpretation.

Chronological order, spatial order, logical order.

Specific analysis of logical order: subject-time, cause-effect, phenomenon-essence, feature-use,

General-individual, general-specific, whole-part.

Typical question: What is the order of interpretation in this article? What's the role?

Answer format: This paper uses the order of explanation to make the explanation more organized. (The first blank should be filled in with the specific order of description, and the second blank should be filled in with the specific name or description of the thing. If it is a rational exposition, but it cannot be accurately expressed, it can be expressed in vague language such as "rationality" and "science". )

Third, the method of explanation.

1, the common interpretation methods are: example, classification, definition, imitation, explanation, analogy, numbers, charts and quotations.

2, the role of common methods:

For example: explain the characteristics/reasons of things by giving specific examples, so that the explanation is more specific and convincing.

(2) Classification: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in different categories to make the explanation more organized.

(3) Comparison: Compare and emphasize the characteristics/reasons of things.

(4) Interpretation: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in detail to make the explanation easier to understand.

⑤ Analogy: Compare and explain the characteristics/reasons of things vividly.

⑥ Imitation: A vivid description of the characteristics/events of things makes the explanation more concrete and vivid.

⑦ Definition: To reveal the object/science in concise and scientific language, so as to reveal the characteristics/science of things more scientifically, essentially and generally.

⑧ Enumeration of figures: explain the characteristics/reasons of things with specific data, so as to make the explanation more accurate and convincing.

⑨ Charting: Explain the characteristics/events of things by means of charts to make the explanation more concise and intuitive.

⑩ Quotation: Quotation has the following forms-

First, cite specific cases; (The function is the same as the example)

B, citing specific data; (Functions in the same column)

C. quote famous sayings, aphorisms and proverbs; The function is to make the explanation more convincing.

D, citing myths and legends, news reports, riddles, anecdotes, etc. The function is to enhance the interest of the explanation.

(The reference description is at the beginning of the article, which also leads to the description object. )

Fourthly, the language analysis of expository writing.

1, the analysis of the whole language is generally from two angles: a, accuracy; B, vivid or concise.

This is also the characteristic of general expository writing. B is from the perspective of different language styles. To comment on the language features of the whole article, we must combine the specific content of the article, for example, we can choose a sentence as an example.

The format is as follows: This paper fully embodies the characteristics of accurate/vivid/concise language, such as the sentence "……", and accurately/vividly/concisely explains the characteristics/reasons of things "……".

2. Comments on specific articles/sentences/words

The function of the article/sentence is basically the same as above.

The function of words has the following exam forms:

A, what is the function of adding words? B, can you change the word? C. Add some words that can be deleted?

Such questions often need to be answered in combination with the' accuracy' characteristics of language (sometimes reflecting the vividness of language). The second question type should also compare the differences in answers between the two. The third question type should also add the expression "after deletion, it does not conform to people's understanding of objective things or to objective facts".

An analysis of explanatory writing of verbs (abbreviation of verb)

1, combined with interpretation method

Mode: This article mainly adopts the method of explanation ... to explain ... (content: the characteristics of things or things) in order to explain ... (role: refer to the previous explanation method to clarify its role)

2, combined with rhetoric.

Mode: This is a vivid explanatory article, which uses a lot of rhetorical devices to illustrate … (content), making the explanation of the article vivid.

3, combined with expressions.

Narration and description make the description more specific; Expressing opinions makes explanations more emotional. Then, from this point of view, the format of explanatory text is as follows: this paper comprehensively uses a variety of expressions, in addition to explanation, there are … (from "narrative, description, explanation and discussion" according to the content), such as … (specific examples), which makes the explanation more specific/emotional by using … (expression).

Sixth, explain the function of paragraphs.

There are three angles to answer this question:

(1) The function of structure and content: lead out the following, connect the preceding with the following, and summarize the full text/previous article. Sometimes at the beginning of the article, it also plays the role of leading out the object of explanation/explaining things.

(2) talk about the explanation method.

Explain … (features or things) by the method of …, so as to explain … (functions).

Writing methods and skills of expository writing 2 The first point of expository writing is to clearly explain the object, and then introduce and describe it with accurate language and various explanatory skills. Common interpretation methods include definition, classification, comparison, citing data, giving examples, enumerating figures, drawing charts and so on.

Definition, that is, give a clear definition of the object to be explained. For example, a museum is defined as a cultural and educational institution that collects, preserves, displays and studies objects representing nature and human beings, and provides knowledge, education and appreciation for the public.

Classification is to classify the objects to be explained according to certain standards to help readers understand things. Such as TV sets, can be divided into color TV sets and black and white TV sets.

Comparison means comparing the similarities and differences between this thing and that thing, so as to explain the characteristics of things more clearly. For example, the comparison between cities and villages, the comparison between universities and kindergartens, and so on. When making a comparison, we must pay attention to the comparability between the things being compared, and we must not dispute over trifles, let alone respect the objective facts and make random comparisons. In order to explain the characteristics of something, it is sometimes necessary to introduce its background, principle, history and so on. At this time, the technique of quoting information will be used. For example, explaining the Great Wall and quoting some historical documents properly will help people understand the history of the Great Wall today, thus deepening their understanding of the national spirit contained in the Great Wall. In complicated expositions, column charts have irreplaceable advantages. A lot of data, lengthy narration, complicated interrelationships, etc. It can be expressed intuitively through charts.

According to different objects of explanation, expository texts can be divided into expository texts and expository texts. The former focuses on explaining the cause, structure, shape and use of things, while the latter focuses on explaining things. There are also some differences in the writing skills commonly used in these two types of expository texts. For example, the description of things focuses on explaining the physical characteristics of things, and the commonly used methods are definition, classification and other explanations, while the explanation of things focuses on explaining the logical characteristics of things, which requires the use of quotations, comparisons and other explanations. But sometimes, the same article needs several explanations, which complement each other.

How to make expository texts pay equal attention to physics and have both form and spirit? The first is observation. The premise of expository writing is to be very familiar with what is to be explained. To do this, we must form the habit of careful observation and in-depth understanding:

Observation should be targeted. Observe with questions, not skim the surface. It is best to list the observation outline before observation, take notes and draw icons during observation. Good at asking questions.

When observing, you should distinguish between priorities. This requires us to pay attention to the order of observation. Observation can be divided into general observation and close observation. The former method helps to grasp the general situation of things, and the latter method helps to grasp the details and characteristics of the observed object. From generalization to close-up, from global to local, is the general principle of observation.

The focus of observation is the shape of things. If you want to write the connotation and principle of things vividly, you need to have a good ability to consult materials and investigate and study. For example, we will write an article explaining Luoyang Peony. Besides writing about its shape, color and variety, if we can study the origin of Luoyang peony and the scientific principle of its famous cultivation, this article will be convincing and make readers understand the cultural characteristics of Luoyang peony more deeply. This requires us to have considerable knowledge accumulation, extensive knowledge and excellent investigation ability. As a child, we should pay attention to the accumulation of knowledge and the cultivation of investigation ability from an early age. For example, consciously train yourself by newspaper clippings, taking notes, going to the library and reading room.

When writing explanatory articles, we should also pay attention to the order of explanations. With a reasonable order, the article can be clear and easy to understand. Generally, there are three kinds of interpretation order, namely, spatial order, chronological order and logical order. The general order is from top to bottom, from left to right, from front to back, from far to near, etc. The time sequence is generally from ancient times to the present, from the past to the present and so on. The logical order is from phenomenon to essence, from cause to result, from main to secondary, from whole to part, from generalization to concreteness, etc. What is a reasonable order? It depends on the process of people's understanding of things and the characteristics and laws of the object itself. Explain the shape and structure of things, often in the order of space; Explain the causes and methods of things, often in chronological order; Explain things in logical order.