Qu Yuan's real name is Ping, and he has the same surname as the Chu royal family. As Chu Huaiwang's left-handed, he is knowledgeable and has a strong memory. He is very familiar with the rise and fall of the country, and he is also very familiar with the language of dealing with people when dealing with foreign countries. So when he entered the DPRK, he discussed state affairs with the king of Chu and made laws; Receive envoys from various countries and handle diplomatic affairs with various vassal countries. Chu Huaiwang trusts him very much.
Doctor Shangguan has the same status as Qu Yuan. In order to please Chu Huaiwang, he was jealous of Qu Yuan's talent. On one occasion, Chu Huaiwang ordered Qu Yuan to make state decrees. Qu Yuan has just finished writing the draft, but he hasn't finalized it yet. Doctor Shangguan wanted to keep it for himself after reading it, but Qu Yuan refused to give it to him. Together with Chu Huaiwang, he spoke ill of Qu Yuan: "Your Majesty, you asked Qu Yuan to make laws, and everyone knows about it. Every time he promulgated the law, Qu Yuan boasted of his achievements and said,' No one can do it except me'. " Chu Huaiwang was very angry and alienated Qu Yuan.
When Qu Yuan heard of Chu Huaiwang's failure, he couldn't distinguish right from wrong, and his eyes were blinded by flatterers, making him unable to distinguish between true and false. As a result, evil hurt justice, and the honest man could not be tolerated by the court. He felt extremely sad, so he was depressed and thought deeply and wrote Li Sao. The so-called "Li Sao" means suffering. Heaven is the origin of man; Parents are the foundation of people. When people are in danger, they must remember their roots, so when they are extremely tired and miserable, there is no one who does not call for heaven and land; When suffering from an unbearable disease, there is no one who does not call his parents. Qu Yuan insisted on notarization and showed honesty and frankness. He was loyal to the king and tried his best, but he was provoked by the villain and was in an extremely embarrassing situation. How can you doubt the king because of your sincerity to your country, and be slandered by a villain because of your loyalty to your master? Qu Yuan wrote Li Sao to express this grief and indignation. Although there are many works describing the love between men and women in The Book of Songs, they are not promiscuous. Although The Book of Songs, Xiaoya, shows people's anger and resentment for slandering state affairs, it does not advocate open rebellion. For example, Qu Yuan's Li Sao can be said to have both. In Lisao, Qu Yuan traces the deeds of Di Ku, praises Qi Huan's great achievements in modern times, and narrates the virtues of Shang Tang and Wu Zhou in the middle to criticize current politics. It shows that the moral content is extensive and profound, and the cause and effect of the rise and fall of chaos are inevitable. These are very detailed. Its language is concise and concise, but its content is profound, its emotion is noble and its behavior is honest. Although its sentences are all trivial, its meaning is extremely grand and profound. Although its examples are familiar, its significance is extremely far-reaching. His feelings are noble and pure, so he likes to use vanilla as a metaphor. Because of his integrity, he will not relax his demands on himself until his death. You can be washed clean in muddy water, just like cicadas can get rid of turbidity, float outside the dust, be free from secular turbidity, be innocent and noble, and emerge from the mud without being stained. Inferring his noble feelings, that is to say, it is also appropriate to compete with the sun and the moon.
After Qu Yuan was demoted, Qin wanted to send troops to attack Qi, but Qi and Chu had an alliance treaty. Qin Huiwang was very worried about this, so he sent Zhang Yi to pretend to leave the State of Qin, and came to the State of Chu with a generous gift to show his obedience, saying, "Qin hates Qi, but Qi and Chu have an alliance treaty. If Chu can break off diplomatic relations with Qi, then Qin is willing to give up 600 miles of commerce and land. " Chu Huaiwang believed in Zhang Yi, because he was greedy for land, so he broke off the relationship with Qi and sent messengers to Qin to accept the land. Zhang Yi deceived the State of Chu and said to the emissary, "I agreed with the King of Chu that there were six Li, but I didn't know there were any six hundred Li." The emissary of Chu State left very angrily and went back to Chu State to tell Chu Huaiwang about it. Chu Huaiwang flew into a rage and attacked the State of Qin. Qin also sent troops to meet the enemy, defeated the Chu army in Danshui and Xishui, killed 80 thousand people, captured General Qu Gai alive, and then captured the Hanzhong area of Chu. So Chu Huaiwang mobilized the army of the whole country, went deep into the army, attacked the State of Qin, and fought Lantian. Knowing this, Wei sent troops to attack Chu and arrived in Deng's land. Chu Bing was so scared that he had to quit Qin and return home. Qi hated Chu Huaiwang for breaking his promise and refused to send troops to help Chu. The situation was very difficult.
The next year, Qin proposed to cede land in Hanzhong to make peace with Chu, saying, "I don't want land, I just want Zhang Yi." Hearing this, Zhang Yi said, "Use my Zhang Yi to go to Hanzhong, and ask your majesty to allow me to go to Chu." When Zhang Yi arrived in Chu State, she gave the gift to Jin merchants, the powerful minister of Chu State, and deceived Zheng Xiu, the favorite of Wang Huai, with sweet words. Wang Huai actually listened to Zheng Xiu and released Yi Cheung. At this time, Qu Yuan had been alienated and no longer held an important official position. He has just been sent to Qi as an ambassador. When he came back, he remonstrated with Chu Huaiwang and said, "Why didn't your Majesty kill Zhang Yi?" Chu Huaiwang felt very sorry and sent someone to chase him, but it was too late.
Later, the vassal states jointly attacked Chu, defeated the Chu army and killed the general of Chu, Tang Yi.
At that time, Qin married Chu and wanted to get to know him. Chu Huaiwang wanted to go, and Qu Yuan advised him, "Qin is as greedy as a tiger and a wolf, so you can't trust it. It is better not to go. " However, Zilan, the youngest son of Chu Huaiwang, suggested that Chu Huaiwang go. He said, "Why do you want to cut off the kindness of the king of Qin?" Chu Huaiwang finally went. But as soon as he entered Wuguan, Qin Jun's ambush cut off his way home and detained Chu Huaiwang to make him promise to cede territory. Wang Huai was furious and refused to answer. Fled to Zhao, Zhao refused to accept it. Then he went to the state of Qin, where he finally died, and the body was transported back to Chu for burial.
Qing Xiang, the eldest son of King Huai, succeeded to the throne and appointed Zilan, his younger brother, as Lingyin. Because Lan persuaded him to enter Qin, he finally died in Qin. The Chu people blamed Zilan for this incident.
Qu Yuan also hated what Zilan had done. Although he was exiled, he was still attached to the State of Chu and missed the King of Chu. He always wanted to return to the imperial court, hoping that the King of Chu would suddenly realize and change bad customs. He missed the king for a long time, revived the country and turned the situation around, so he showed this feeling many times in a work. However, after all, there is nothing to do, so it is impossible to return to the court. It can also be seen that Chu Huaiwang finally didn't wake up. As a monarch, no matter whether he is smart or stupid or talented, he hopes to find loyal subjects and wise men to help him govern the country. However, the matter of national subjugation and genocide continues to happen, and the holy king and the peaceful country have not been seen for generations. The fundamental reason is that his so-called loyal minister is not loyal, and his so-called wise man is not wise. King Huai didn't know his duty as a loyal minister, so he was deceived by Zheng Xiu at home, and by Zhang Yi abroad, alienating Qu Yuan and trusting doctors Shangguan and Ling. As a result, the army was defeated, the land was occupied, the territory of six counties was lost, and he himself was exiled and died in the state of Qin, which was laughed at by the world. This is a disaster caused by ignorance. I ching said: "the well has been dug, but no one has come to drink water." This is a sad thing. If the monarch is wise, everyone can get happiness. " Wang Huai is so unknown that he should be happy there!
Yin flew into a rage when he heard about the above situation, and finally asked Shangguan doctor to speak ill of Qu Yuan to Xiang Wang. When Xiang Wang got angry, he exiled Qu Yuan.
Qu Yuan came to the river, and his long hair was scattered on the grass in the wilderness, singing while mourning. He has a haggard face and a thin body. A fisherman saw him and asked, "Aren't you Dr. San Lv? Why did you come here? " Qu Yuan said: "The whole society is dirty, and only I am clean. Everyone was drunk, but I was sober, so I was exiled. " The fisherman said: "A person who has reached the highest level of moral cultivation has no fixed view on things, but can move with the secular atmosphere." People in the whole society are dirty. Why not go with the flow? " Everyone is drunk, why not eat some leftovers in it? Why do you want to keep your jade character and let yourself be exiled? Qu Yuan replied, "I heard that people who have just washed their hair must shake off the dust on their hats, and people who have just washed their bodies must shake off the dust on their clothes. Who wants to be clean and dirty by dirty things outside? "I would rather jump into the river and die in the belly of a fish than let my innocent character be polluted by the world!"
So Qu Yuan committed suicide by throwing himself into the Miluo River with a stone in his arms.
After Qu Yuan's death, there were Song Yu, Le Tang, Jing Ke and others in Chu State, all of whom loved literature and were famous for their good ci and fu. But they only learned the euphemism and implication of Qu Yuan's language, and finally no one dared to be as outspoken as Qu Yuan. After that, Chu weakened day by day, and was finally eliminated by Qin after decades.
More than a hundred years after Qu Yuan died in the river, a Jia Sheng appeared in the Han Dynasty. When he was a teacher in Changsha, he passed by Xiangshui and wrote a poem to pay tribute to Qu Yuan.
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