It is a skeleton fossil of ancient mammals such as elephants, rhinoceroses and three-toed horses. Sweet and astringent, entering the heart, liver, kidney and large intestine. Functions: calming the heart and tranquilizing the mind, calming the liver and suppressing yang, astringing sweat and solidifying essence, stopping bleeding and astringing intestines, promoting granulation and healing sores. Indications: convulsion, epilepsy, amnesia, insomnia and dreaminess, spontaneous sweating and night sweats. Or made into pill, powder and external use; The main components of modern research are calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, as well as iron, potassium, sodium, chlorine and sulfate. Pharmacological action: 1. Sedative hypnosis and anticonvulsant experiments show that 20% keel suspension 20ml/kg can significantly improve the hypnotic rate of pentobarbital sodium; It also has antagonistic effect on convulsion caused by Huisuling. 2. Other effects: 20% Cologne suspension (20ml/kg) can shorten the clotting time of normal mice. Clinical application clinical report: 1. Treating diabetes insipidus, raw cologne 9 g, raw oyster 9 g, medlar 9g, toast cake 3 g, roasted licorice 3g, 10. Fried Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. 12g。 , fried in water. General 10 ~ 20 doses were all cured. 1 ~ 4 years follow-up, 1 case has no recurrence. Journal of traditional chinese medicine, Jiangsu Province1964; (1 1): 19 2. Treat the scalded keel, gypsum, rhubarb and catechu in equal parts, grind them into fine powder, mix them with herbal tea to make a thin paste, apply them to the affected area, cover them with gauze (the face can be covered), and change the medicine every other day 1 time. Treat burns. (4): 2 123. Treatment of suppurative diseases: borneol, keel, angelica 20g, cinnabar 20g, calcined gypsum 40g, calcined calamine 200g, * * * * were finely ground, and Bo Tu was fixed on the wound with adhesive tape, changing 1 time every 2-3 days, and 20 cases of sores were treated. The course of treatment is 7 ~ 10 days. (10): 47 Prescription selection: 1. Treat all madness, convulsion, wind epilepsy and mental disorders of adults and children: keel (calcined with fire and ground into fine powder), rhinoceros horn, cinnabar, amber, concretio silicea bambusae (all ground into fine powder), Uncaria rhynchophylla, Huaidi and Huang Zhu. Summarize one place, grind it into fine powder, drain a bowl of bamboo juice, and paste it into pills, such as the size of a quintuple. Adults eat ten pills and children eat two or three pills, all of which are taken with ginger soup. ("Authentic Fang Mai") 2. It is easy to forget the treatment method: keel, tiger bone and polygala tenuifolia are equally divided. Serve the three flavors and sift them. Take a square dagger after eating. Ginseng is six yuan, and lotus seed meat is three liang (both slightly fried). * * * Grinding into powder, adding four ounces of Ophiopogon japonicus (removing the heart), boiling with wine, and mashing into paste to make it the size of a meatball. Take San Qian and white soup every morning and evening. (Authentic Fang Mai) 4. Rest after a long treatment: keel 42. Break it, water five liters, boil two and a half liters. The yin person has cold head, dizziness and drooping, extremely weak and slow pulse, which is clearing the valley and causing blood death and spermatorrhea. The pulse is slightly tight, and the man loses his sperm. Female sexual intercourse: cassia twig, peony, ginger, licorice, jujube, keel and oyster. Take seven liters of water and boil three liters. Things. ("Jingyue Quanshu" cologne powder) 7. Long-term treatment of persistent wet rotten ears: keel, halloysitum rubrum (calcined by fire) and cuttlebone (boiled) are all San Qian. * * * Grind into fine powder. Wipe the pus with cotton paper first, and then blow the powder. ("Herbal Yan Hui") compatibility. Astragalus membranaceus and Atractylodes macrocephala have the effects of invigorating qi, invigorating spleen and enriching blood, and can be used to treat menorrhagia, blood loss, palpitation and shortness of breath. Both keel and oyster have the functions of astringing yin and subduing yang, calming the heart and calming the nerves, and astringing and astringing astringency. However, the keel is dry and astringent, good at calming the nerves, and can be used to tonify yin. Oysters taste salty and cool, enter the liver and kidney meridians, nourish yin and reduce fever, resolve phlegm and soften hardness, and can absorb sinking yang in the process of nourishing yin. The combination of the two drugs has stronger effects of relieving convulsion, astringing yin and subduing yang, stopping bleeding and stopping leukorrhagia, and can be used to treat dysphoria, palpitation, dizziness, tinnitus, insomnia and other symptoms of yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity. Deficiency of heart and kidney, deficiency of lung and kidney, cough and asthma, hyperhidrosis, diarrhea, turbid nocturnal emission, metrorrhagia and leukorrhagia, etc. Niuhuang has the functions of clearing heart, detoxicating, eliminating phlegm and being happy; Arisaema cum bile has the effects of clearing away heat, resolving phlegm and relieving convulsion. The three herbs have the effects of clearing away heat and resolving phlegm, calming the nerves and calming convulsions, and are used to treat epilepsy and madness caused by phlegm-heat interaction. The keel is matched with Achyranthes bidentata, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Jadeite keel to calm the liver and suppress yang. Achyranthes bidentata nourishes liver and kidney and leads blood downward; Paeonia lactiflora nourishes yin, nourishes blood and softens liver; The combination of the four herbs has the effects of nourishing liver and kidney, nourishing yin and suppressing yang, and can be used to treat dizziness, redness and irritability caused by yin deficiency of liver and kidney and hyperactivity of liver yang. Ziziphus jujuba seeds nourish the heart and soothe the nerves; Poria cocos tonifies the spleen and calms the nerves. The combination of the three drugs has the effects of invigorating the spleen and nourishing the heart, calming the nerves and calming the mind, and can be used to treat palpitation, insomnia and dreaminess caused by deficiency of both the heart and spleen and blood failing to nourish the heart. Semen astragali Complanati and Semen Euryales tonify kidney and astringent essence. The three herbs can not only tonify kidney essence deficiency, but also astringent essence, and are used to treat nocturnal emission due to kidney deficiency. Precautions should be avoided: people with damp heat and excess should not take it. Afraid of plaster. (Notes on Materia Medica)' Avoid fish.' (theory of medicinal properties) Physicians believe that keel tastes astringent and leads to convergence. All diarrhea, diarrhea, diarrhea, abdominal depression, blood drowning and other symptoms are caused by blood heat accumulation, so it is advisable to use the method of relieving diarrhea, not astringent, for fear of blood stasis. Convergent residual gas. It can cure cough, expel pus and blood, make women leak, and take astringency to consolidate upper and lower qi and blood. Although astringent, it can enter the liver to break the knot. The knot is caused by blood accumulation in the liver meridian. Children attack because of heat, which is also a disease of liver meridian. Niuhuang helps them, and it is especially effective to eliminate evil and cut the liver. Its nature is to collect the yin in the yang and specialize in the meridian of foot Jue yin. At the same time, it is necessary to treat dreaminess, insomnia, hemorrhage, bleeding, fetal leakage, intestinal wind, tonifying kidney and calming the heart, and it is necessary to use drugs with essence and qi convergence. If there are exogenous pathogens, it is also used for external use. Misuse of excessive internal heat and loss of sperm often leads to drowning, redness, astringency and pain, and the recovery of essence and qi is inevitable. The function of keel is the same as that of oyster, but the kidney of oyster is salty and astringent, which has the function of softening and resolving phlegm and clearing heat. This taste is sweet and astringent to the liver, and it has the wonderful effects of stopping astringency, relieving convulsion and calming the nerves. For example, what Xu Zhicai called astringency belongs to keel and oyster. Spitting into the heart calms the nerves and eliminates phlegm, so it is the holy medicine for convulsion, epilepsy and convulsion.' Phlegm is aquatic in fire, and keel can lead fire to flood the house. If used with oysters, it is a wonderful product for treating phlegm. Today's people only know how to stop the astringency, so they are shallow.' (The Classic of Materia Medica is sluggish. Any palpitation, hyperhidrosis, hematemesis, nocturnal emission, loose stool, urinary incontinence and female metrorrhagia can be treated. Especially good at benefiting phlegm, treating phlegm blocking lung cough and cough against qi. Its taste is slightly spicy, and it still has the power to open when it converges. Therefore, it is called the meridian governing diarrhea. Moreover, it is stupid to enter the liver to make the liver wood contract, have a sudden stroke and be quadriplegic. If the pulse is hard, you will know that it is liver fire and liver wind moving internally. Keels and oysters are always used to contract the pulse until the pulse becomes soft and the disease will heal itself. ("medical fever refers to the west")' keel is the most sticky, which can converge the righteousness and dissipate the mind. Therefore, Zhongjing is also used for people with typhoid fever. (100 kinds of records of materia medica)' keel, mostly used in the heart meridian and the heart meridian, can converge the rising vital qi, calm the mind, stop convulsion and epilepsy ... and treat semen discharge, diarrhea and leakage. (Thinking of Materia Medica)