Tang Shenwei was a famous pharmacist in Song Dynasty. The First Aid Materia Medica compiled by him attracted the attention of later medical scientists, and even Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica was adapted from this book. Li Shizhen and Tang Shenwei spoke highly of it: people who make all kinds of herbs and prescriptions are successful. Tang Shenwei made great contributions to the development of pharmacology and the collection of folk prescriptions, initiated the precedent of prescriptions in pharmacology, and was a well-deserved pharmaceutical ancestor in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. Tang Shenwei, a legendary folk doctor with few words, comes from a medical family. His ancestors were all doctors. He grew up in this environment and became interested in medicine from an early age. Although ugly in appearance, dull in manner and inarticulate, he is extremely intelligent at heart and kind and simple in heart. Under the guidance of his family, he studied medicine hard. Because of his cleverness and diligence, he gradually learned the essence of medicine and mastered superb medical skills, especially the in-depth study of classical prescriptions. When he was young, Tang Shenwei often went out to see a doctor after studying, which made his medical attainments advance by leaps and bounds. Thanks to his superb medical skills, he soon became a famous local doctor. Tang Shenwei treats patients equally. Anyone who comes to seek medical advice, whether it is a powerful person or an ordinary person, is his patient in his eyes, and there is no distinction between high and low. Exquisite medical skills and noble medical ethics have made his reputation spread far and wide. Nevertheless, he is still eager to learn. In A.D. 1086- 1093, he went to Chengdu to practice medicine at the invitation of Shu Han, and studied under the masters of Confucianism, Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao. He temporarily lived in Huayang in the southeast suburb of Chengdu, and later moved to Chengdu. During his medical practice in Chengdu, he knew all about it, whether it was hot or cold, windy or rainy, day or night. He treats patients very carefully, carefully identifies symptoms and asks for advice carefully. After his careful treatment, all the patients recovered quickly. Therefore, he was widely praised, and people praised Tang Shenwei for his foolproof treatment. Different from other doctors, he never asked patients to pay medical expenses and property, but only asked patients and their relatives and friends to pay for the effective prescriptions and drug knowledge they copied. Therefore, people are willing to approach him and tell him the good medicine they know. Even the medical knowledge found in ancient books will be written down, copied down and told to him. At that time, there was a famous man named Yu Wenbangyan in Huayang, Chengdu, who suffered from severe wind poisoning. All the famous doctors in Chengdu are helpless and can't find a cure for his illness. At this time, someone recommended Tang Shenwei. After Tang Shenwei was diagnosed, I didn't. I don't expect to get rid of this disease. Several doses of medicine eased the condition. Under the careful treatment of Tang Shenwei, Yu Wenbangyan soon recovered. But Tang Shenwei decided that the disease was easy to take root, and it would recur if it was a little weak, so he personally wrote a letter, sealed it and gave it to Yu Wenbangyan, and noted on the envelope that he would not open it one day. On this day, Yu Wenbang's wind poison really broke out again. According to Tang Shenwei's explanation, Yu Wenbangyan's son opened the letter that had been sealed for a long time, and saw that there were three prescriptions written on it: the first one was to treat wind poison, the second one was to treat wind poison and sores, and the third one was to treat wind poison and short cough. Results According to the prescription, the disease was cured in half a month. This story spread all over Chengdu, when people called him an imperial doctor. Before the Song Dynasty, almost all medical books in China were preserved by manuscript or oral tradition. Under such conditions, after a new book comes out, it will either be used up in a few years, or repeated copying will easily convey wrong information and make many mistakes. This situation naturally greatly affects the speed of medical development. It was not until the Northern Song Dynasty that printing prevailed that many medical books were circulated in the form of block prints. In the early years of Kaiyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty, due to the large demand for drugs, the court organized personnel to compile Kaibao Materia Medica. During Ji's reign

However, in the history of medicine, it is a pity that during the two formal revisions of Materia Medica, only ancient medical books were compiled and many pharmaceutical materials were abandoned. If not collected in time, many handwritten ancient pharmaceutical materials will face the doom of destruction. This is Tang Shenwei's greatest wish, which is to let Tang Shenwei see in his eyes and worry in his heart, so that all the pharmaceutical knowledge of his predecessors can be passed down through the ages as much as possible. In ancient China, there were many kinds of handwritten medicinal materials. It is difficult to collect all these materials completely. When the Northern Song Dynasty officially revised Materia Medica twice, it used the power of the imperial court to select materials, and the imperial court ordered the collection of books and materials from all over the country. In this way, all the books collected by the National Library have become the source of materials for compiling herbal books. What's more, at that time, the official compilation team of materia medica was led by knowledgeable Confucian officials, and many medical officers in the imperial court also participated. With such a huge compiling power, Jia _ materia medica and herbal illustrations are compiled. This is one of the biggest problems facing Tang Shenwei. As a little-known folk doctor, he can be like a medical worker without going to the central government to study. Without rich medical information, how can he achieve this ambition? When practicing medicine, Tang Shenwei thought about this thorny problem. Suddenly, one day, a patient inadvertently told Tang Shenwei a folk prescription. Hearing this, Tang Shenwei suddenly realized. Why not take advantage of his practice everywhere to collect prescriptions? As soon as this brilliant idea came out, Tang Shenwei immediately put it into practice. He thinks that helping readers collect information will not be better because they have been exposed to many books. To this end, Tang Shenwei made a rule that all scholars who come to Tang Shenwei to see a doctor don't want money, but only on one condition, that is, I hope they can help collect the secrets of famous prescriptions. This novel method is very popular with readers. He never accepts money from scholars to treat diseases, but only needs to exchange famous prescriptions. When these scholars read hundreds of classic and historical books, they found a drug name and a prescription, and quickly recorded it and told Tang Shenwei. In this way, after a long period of accumulation, Tang Shenwei not only made many scholars, but also collected a wealth of pharmaceutical materials. At that time, Chengdu had a unique condition, that is, there was a regular drug fair every year. In the Song Dynasty, the drug market was changed to three times a year, that is, the drug market on February 8 and March 9 and the drug market in Jade Bureau on September 9. At that time, drug dealers from south to north were filled with drugs from all over the world in the five gates from Qiaomen to Yujuguan. From a distance, they look like mountains. No matter how busy Tang Shenwei is at every drug fair, he will win. Don't fall behind. He can get valuable drug information at drug fairs, and he often goes to various places to interview, collect drugs and remedies, and get many lost ancient drug regulations. In this way, Tang Shenwei has accumulated a lot of precious materials through hard work and constant collection, which laid a solid foundation for his writing. Books on custom research, such as "Kaibao Herbalist _ Herbal Tang Shenwei". On the basis of these two works, he collected widely the prescriptions commonly used by doctors and people, and sorted out a large number of medical materials from hundreds of ancient books and historical documents. He combined his rich practical experience to study them. In five or six years in Yuanfeng, Song Shenzong, Tang Shenwei compiled the History of Materia Medica. In order to compile Shennong Materia Medica, Tang Shenwei collected many precious pharmaceutical materials. He cited the classics, made a detailed investigation, and extracted various medical works before the Song Dynasty in the form of graphic comparison. According to statistics, there are more than 200 selected bibliographies in the book, including classics, Buddhist scriptures and Taoist scriptures. In addition to the extremely rich medical books. What is particularly commendable is that Tang Shenwei paid great attention to maintaining the original appearance of the prescription, mainly collecting the original text, and preserved a large number of precious lost documents for future generations. For example, the famous book of Chinese medicine about moxibustion, "Illustration of Materia Medica", is

***32 volumes, more than 600,000 words, containing about 1600 kinds of drugs, with drug illustrations, explaining the collection, processing methods and indications of drugs. Each drug has a related prescription, which leads to a compilation method of prescription and drug comparison that is still in use today. After reading the first draft of this book, I wanted to sponsor Tang's official position, but Tang refused to accept it and continued to revise and supplement his own herbal works. It was finalized after about 1098. Emergency Materia Medica with Historical Evidence consists of three new parts: Materia Medica with Evidence and Tang Shenwei. Compared with Zheng Ben Cao, this book contains more than 500 new drugs, nearly 3,000 prescriptions, and many drug illustrations, which are very rich in content and of high academic value. It covers the essence of medical literature from the year of Leigong cannon moxibustion to the year of syndrome materia medica before the Northern Song Dynasty. It is the oldest and most complete compendium of materia medica in China. The book is rich in content, accurate and reliable, with detailed annotations, rigorous style and distinct levels. It is a bright pearl in China's medical treasure house, and it is an important literature source for later scholars to inspect the development history of materia medica and compile ancient materia medica and ancient medical prescriptions. Its contribution to materia medica is great and its philology value is extremely high. It is said that this book is much better than the botanical works in Europe in the early15th century and16th century. The materia medica of our country, from the year of dietotherapy to the year of materia medica in Tang Dynasty, and then to the year of materia medica in Hai Yao in Song Dynasty, has formed a gradually expanding state after several edits. Physician's Heart Mirror, based on Zheng Bencao, integrated the contents of Zheng Bencao and expanded and adjusted it. Jia _ Herbal Medicine 1000, more than its predecessor, Herbal Classic 100. In particular, there are many new medical notes, citing more than 50 kinds of documents, ten times more than Jia _ Ben Cao. The content is quite rich. The certified materia medica not only includes all the contents of Shennong's classic Jia _ Materia Medica, but also includes more than 500 kinds of drugs that have been included in China's history of science and technology, Shennong's classic and the newly revised materia medica, and these drugs have been omitted in the formal revision of the materia medica. In addition, Tang Shenwei himself added many new drugs, such as lingsha, bottom sand, Dalbergia odorifera, human hair, green mulberry snail, cicada flower, Ceratophyllum, etc. Compared with 850 kinds of A _ materia medica, the number of drugs he collected doubled. In the previous materia medica, there was only medicine but no prescription. There are nearly 3,000 prescriptions in Tang Zaijia _ Materia Medica. With Zhongjing's own experience in prescribing prescriptions for Tang, most of the drugs in the book have prescriptions, some as many as one or twenty, which greatly facilitates clinical use. In the aspect of drug processing, Shuo Wen Jie Zi Ben Cao included the contents of Jia Ben Cao, which enriched the processing methods of hundreds of drugs and changed the comprehensive materia medica before Tang Dynasty. In addition, the contents of dietotherapy drugs have been added to Kaibao Materia Medica, and the morphology, origin, identification, collection and processing of drugs have been recorded in detail. In particular, this book adds a lot of drug notes. The original "Kaibao Materia Medica" only annotated 200 kinds of drugs, while almost all the drugs in "Zheng Materia Medica" were annotated, thus further enriching the content of this book. From 0755 to 79000, this book was published for more than 500 years, and no cursive script can match it in content. In addition, this book was written in addition to Jia _ Ben Cao. In terms of specific writing, this book continues to adopt the method of herbal illustrations, reducing cursive script, that is, the text uses single-line characters and the notes use double-line small characters; In the text, the characters of herbs are written in black on a white background, the characters of dietetic herbs are written in bold, the characters of sea herbs are marked as the attached Tang version, the characters of Shu herbs are marked as this annex, and the characters of newly revised herbs are marked with new additions or new definition indexes. In the annotation, the person who belongs to the certificate of materia medica is named Tao, and the person who belongs to the certificate of materia medica points out that the person who belongs to the certificate of materia medica is Jin Yin or Jin Yin Jin, which belongs to the situation of Zhang Chen in the Western Jin Dynasty in Lei Gong Lun. Tang Shenwei himself added in the book.

Comments: This book is a masterpiece of materia medica and the most reliable. It is covered with black and white ink, so Shennong's classics, seclusion and Su Jing's new revision can be recognized. Its style is also the most rigorous. This evaluation is very appropriate. In Tang Shenwei's "Zheng Ben Cao", not only Zhang Yuxi Kaibao Ben Cao and Su Ge Zheng Ben Cao were combined, but also various medical works quoted from other sources were collected, carefully researched and compared with pictures and texts, and a large number of medical documents were preserved for future generations. Compendium of Materia Medica Jia _ Newly revised Materia Medica Shennong Materia Medica was recorded by famous doctors, Newly revised Materia Medica, etc. Kaibao Materia Medica Year preserves the main contents of the lost precious herbal literature, which is beneficial to future generations' compilation. With his own wisdom, Tang Shenwei overcame the difficulty of collecting information. Jia _ Ben Cao, a book condensed by his life's efforts, has set up a monument in the history of the development of Ben Cao and achieved his dream. Influence on the development of traditional Chinese medicine in Tang Shenwei; The origin of traditional pharmacy in China can be traced back to prehistoric times, when Shennong taught people to taste herbs for the first time. The Compendium of Materia Medica compiled in the Eastern Han Dynasty marked the establishment of traditional pharmacy. Tao Hongjing's New Materia Medica in Jin Dynasty constructed a theoretical model of drug classification according to the natural properties of drugs. In the Tang Dynasty, the world's first national pharmacopoeia, Kaibao Materia Medica, was officially compiled, which ushered in a prosperous period of pharmaceutical research. Materia Medica before the Song Dynasty simply recorded the functions and indications of drugs, and there was no prescription. It is extremely inconvenient for doctors to re-examine drugs when studying and using them. From 0755 to 79000, classical medical works and famous doctors collected a large number of prescriptions and prescriptions, about 3000 of which were put into related drugs respectively, so that scholars could list their usage after opening books. Many innovations have also been made in style, such as compiling a book on drug theory and drug atlas; Many textual revisions and additions have been made to ancient books. Attach importance to the origin of medicinal materials, and record the origin of 140, which is better than that of 133 recorded in Sun Simiao in Tang Dynasty. As Tang Shenwei grew up in Sichuan, the hometown of medicinal materials, and was able to learn from others, including his own patients, he recorded the medicinal materials in Sichuan in detail, such as croton produced in Rongzhou. Fuzi, Toosendan and Polyporus produced in Zizhou and Longzhou; Maozhou and Meizhou produce Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, Rhizoma Cimicifugae, Semen Cassiae and Gentleman. It contains 1600 drugs, including 500 new drugs, which is a great breakthrough compared with previous herbs. This book is an eclectic compilation of drug knowledge such as drug form, authenticity, processing and specific usage, which is clear at a glance. Jia Ben Cao not only quoted herbal medical books of past dynasties such as Zheng Ben Cao, but also collected ancient classics, notes, collections and other related medical records. Therefore, the ancient books that have been lost in later generations can also be seen from their quotations. Covering the famous pharmaceutical works from Qin and Han Dynasties to Northern Song Dynasty, it has important academic, practical and documentary value. After its publication, it has been revised and published as a national herbal medicine for many times, with a history of more than 500 years. Jia Bencao, because of its rich and comprehensive content, has also become the basis of various herbal works in later generations. Li Shizhen compiled the Classic of Materia Medica, the pinnacle of traditional pharmacy, based on Tang Shenwei. Praise Li Shizhen and Tang Shenwei: They have learned a lot, so all herbs and medicines can be passed down from generation to generation. If they win, they should not be destroyed. They all have their own advantages. Dr Joseph Needham, a British scholar, said: 12 and 13 century China's American botanical works from 0755 to 79000 are much better than those in Europe from 15 and 16 century. As an outstanding representative of materia medica