1。 Traditional consulting mode: consultants sit at the consulting desk and handle all kinds of consulting, from simple questions to research-oriented work with a certain depth.

2。 Teaching-oriented library mode: In the teaching-oriented library mode, the librarian's role is not to answer questions, but to provide guidance for the research process, so the reference librarian's job is to discuss with users in a fixed field, rather than setting up a reference desk alone.

3。 Series of reference services: Reference services are divided into two or more service areas, and simple question-and-answer services are different from complex or in-depth consulting services.

4。 Digital reference service: Internet-based question-and-answer service, contacting users and experts in different disciplines.