history
Xiang opera was once called "human drama" and "drama". Singing in Changsha dialect, centering on Changsha, Pingxiang and Ji 'an, Jiangxi, is also popular in the counties under Changsha Prefecture, so it is also called Drama Team, Changsha Team, Xiangtan Team, Changsha xiang opera and Changsha xiang opera. According to historical records, "In the third year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1370), Zhu Yuanzhang selected Bazi as the King of Changsha and built the Queen's Mansion, and often invited folk clubs to perform, which was called" Xiang Le ". Foreign drama gradually combined with local culture to form xiang opera. In the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1559), Xu Wei wrote "Narration of Nanci", saying: "Today's singers are called Yiyang Opera, which originated in Jiangxi and is widely used in Beijing, Hunan, Fujian and other places. It can be seen that Yiyang tune was very popular in Hunan at that time. Later, the influence of Qingyang Opera became more and more far-reaching, and xiang opera added a long period of roll singing to the Qupai, forming a "release" in the high-pitched tune.
During the reign of Kang Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, xiang opera's class clubs mainly sang high-pitched tunes or Kunqu opera, such as Fuxiu class and senior class. During the Qianlong period, there were more and more class clubs in xiang opera, among which Dapuqing class mainly sang Kunqu opera. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, when the Han tune was introduced, xiang opera began to join the opera cavity (also known as chaotic opera), which was called the North-South Road. South Road refers to Huang Er, and North Road refers to Xipi. During the Daoguang period, the earliest Renhe class with singing and playing as the mainstay appeared. During the period from Tongzhi to Guangxu, not only did class clubs flourish, but also classes were held in various places, and more than 30 classes were held in Changsha alone. Later, playing this tune became the main voice of xiang opera. In addition to historical dramas such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin and Yang Jiajiang, there are also a number of case-solving dramas called "Thirty-six Courtyards" such as Four Gentlemen and Strange Couples.
During the Republic of China, xiang opera continued to develop. 192 1 year, women's classes such as Fu Lu Kun Ban began to appear, and there were actresses in xiang opera. 1938 12, Tian Han once held short-term training courses, and successively set up seven xiang opera propaganda teams in southern Hunan and Guilin, Guangxi, to promote War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. In War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, xiang opera was severely damaged, many troupes were forced to disband, and many famous actors died in the war.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, many famous plays were created, such as Pipa Trip, Returning from Hunting, Chasing Fish and so on. The soprano opera Yue Bai and the modern play The Gardener's Song have both been made into films.
Xiang opera has become a marginal culture in modern times, which has not been paid attention to by the society. The successive death of major playwrights and the low income of actors led to the decline of xiang opera. The decline of xiang opera has also aroused calls for the protection of culture. The participation of government officials and the creation of new dramas will help xiang opera regain the market.
trait
Xiang opera's vocal cavity is mainly composed of four kinds of vocal cavities: high-pitched cavity, low-pitched cavity, Kunqu cavity and random cavity, with Zhongzhou rhyme singing white. Gao Qiang is the representative of the four major vocal cavities in xiang opera, which originated from Yiyang cavity in Jiangxi.
Low card is a singing method combining Qupai and Qupai, with suona or flute as accompaniment and gongs and drums as accompaniment. In order to enrich the singing and create a strong contrast, the singing form of singing between high-pitched and low-pitched brands is called "high-low singing"
procedure
There are 1 155 historical dramas in xiang opera, many of which are from Southern Opera in the late Song Dynasty, Yuan Zaju and Ming and Qing Legends, as well as local legends and artists' creations.