The information based on the external characteristics of documents includes author, group author, document name, code, document type, language, etc. The internal characteristics are the category number, category and subject words corresponding to the classified category.
Retrieval refers to the process of finding the information or materials you need from literature, network information and other information. In order to search, it is usually necessary to index the data. Traditional literature materials need to extract the title, author, publication year and subject words as indexes, but in the network age, computers can index the full text, that is, every word in the text can be a search point.
Question 2: How many search fields are there, such as title, author, abstract, keywords, author unit, literature source, degree awarding unit, degree level, conference information, conference place, duration, title, publishing place, publishing year, patent number, ISBN, ISSN, etc. It depends too much on what kind of literature you are looking for. Different types of literature retrieval have different fields, so there is no such problem.
Question 3: What are the search engine names? Baidu, Google and Yahoo are responsive. Sogou, Tencent, Soso and some lesser-known companies.
Question 4: What is information retrieval? It is very important to choose a correct keyword group and ensure the accuracy of the retrieval results. Whether it is keywords, keywords or sub-keywords, in addition to the principles and basic skills of word selection, it mainly depends on the mastery of personal professional knowledge. The basic principles of choosing words are as follows. 1. Subject words (1) directly select corresponding and specific nouns (such as subject category name, drug name, disease term, inspection and experiment name, place name, person name, institution name, product name, etc. ) as a search term. (2) When there are no directly corresponding and specific words to choose from, there are two ways to choose words: one is to directly choose the words with the upper concept; Secondly, consider selecting two or more adjacent concept words for cross-matching, and the concepts expressed by the matching results should be clear and accurate, and only one theme concept can be expressed. (3) Pay attention to standard words. If the search result with self-selected keywords is zero, it is necessary to consider that the selected words may not be standardized and use standardized words instead. 2. Keywords keywords belong to the subject language category, mostly natural languages, and do not need standardization. There is no keyword list, but there are forbidden words. Any noun that can express the central content of the search topic can be used as a keyword. The key words to express the theme concept must independently quote the scope and essence of things and problems (such as "patent documents"); Can accurately express the essential attributes of things (such as "medical library"); The word form is monosyllabic, that is, a keyword expresses the concept of a thing, that is, a word has a meaning. 3. Basic procedures for selecting words, whether it is selecting subject words or keywords, the basic procedures for selecting words are as follows: First, select entity words that can accurately express the original intention of the search theme; When there are no entity words that can accurately express the original intention of the search topic, choose words that can be combined; When there are no words that can be combined, consider words with superordinate concepts; When you don't choose a word with a conceptual position, finally, consider choosing a word with similar meaning or similar meaning. 4. No matter which keyword or key word is selected, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns, exclamations, certain verbs (conjunctions, modal verbs and auxiliary verbs) and articles, chemical structural formulas, reactive expressions and teaching methods can not explain the lack of nouns (such as theories, reports, experiments, learning, methods, problems and countermeasures) in the professional concepts of this discipline. 5. Sub-keywords Sub-keywords restrict keywords to improve the despotism of retrieval. Each sub-keyword in the grid table has a specific meaning and scope of use, and matches different topic phrases respectively. How many subtitle words are suitable for retrieval depends on the different keywords. Sub-subject words further advance and divide the concept of subject words, making the combination of subject words/sub-subject words a more specific concept. When searching, you can select one or more or even all sub-subject words to avoid missing detection, or you can search without selecting sub-subject words (search the general theory and general literature of subject words). For example, search for information related to the treatment of breast cancer (breast tumor *** s), and you can select multiple sub-topics:/diet therapy,/drug therapy,/prevention &; Control (prevention), rehabilitation (rehabilitation),/radiotherapy (radiotherapy),/surgery (surgery),/therapy (treatment), in addition/Chinese medicine therapy,/Chinese medicine therapy,/Qigong,/integrated Chinese and Western medicine therapy, etc. 6. Word selection analysis Distance matters needing attention Theme analysis is the basis of word selection. By searching the characteristics of the central content consulted by the theme and the central content of other theme factors, the theme concept can be refined and selected accurately. Generally speaking, the title of a search topic can reflect the central content of the question. It is a shortcut to analyze and refine keywords according to the title of the search topic, but the title of the search topic cannot be used as the only basis for selecting search words, because there are often some deep-seated theme concepts or hidden theme concepts that are easily overlooked. This situation is often due to the professional knowledge and frontier development of retrieval discipline. & gt
Question 5: What are the retrieval categories and items in library retrieval? Literature information retrieval, or information retrieval, refers to the whole process of organizing and storing literature information in a certain way and taking out the required specific information according to the needs of users. Its full name is information storage and retrieval. Usually, information query or retrieval is only the second half of the name, or information retrieval in a narrow sense. Literature retrieval is divided into data retrieval: retrieval based on data in literature. Such as molecular formula, chemical molecular formula, etc. Fact retrieval: search for the time, place or process of something by taking the facts in the literature as the object. Literature retrieval: searching for related literature on a certain subject with literature as the object.
Compared with the storage identification of documents, if the retrieval identification can be consistent, it is called matching, and the hit document can be obtained.
Document retrieval language
Document retrieval language is an artificial language, which is used to compile and use various retrieval tools, and provides a unified, benchmark, symbolic or lexicalized special language for information exchange for retrieval systems. Search languages have different names because of different occasions. For example, it is used to index documents in the process of storing documents, which is called indexing language; The language used to index files is called indexing language; In the process of document retrieval, it is a retrieval language. According to this principle, retrieval languages can be divided into three categories:
(1), classification language
It is a retrieval language that classifies and arranges a large number of concepts that express the contents of literature information and retrieval topics according to their disciplinary nature, and becomes a logical system that basically reflects the usual classification system of scientific knowledge, and uses numbers (classification numbers) to represent concepts and their positions in the system, and even to express the relationship between concepts. China Library Classification is the basis of China Library Classification, and China Library Classification divides all knowledge categories into Marxism-Leninism and * * * thoughts according to the five-point method. Philosophy; Social science; Natural science; Five categories of comprehensive books. On this basis, a system series consisting of 22 categories is constructed.
(2) Theme language
Refers to the controlled words that express the information content of documents. Subject words need to be standardized, and thesaurus is the embodiment of the language of subject words. The words in thesaurus are used as the basis for identifying the content of documents and finding documents.
(3), keyword language
Refers to the keywords extracted from the document content as the identification of the document content and the basis for searching the directory index. There is no need to standardize keywords, and there is no need to use keyword list as a tool for indexing and searching books and materials.
(4) Natural language
Refers to any word that appears in the literature.
Literature retrieval method
(1), the author's way
Many retrieval systems have author index and institution index (institution author or institution to which the author belongs), and patent literature retrieval systems have patentee index. The method of searching from the names of authors, editors, translators and patentees or the names of institutions and groups by using these indexes is collectively called author method.
(2) The title includes the title of the book, the name of the periodical and the name of the article.
Some retrieval systems provide retrieval methods by title, such as title catalogue and periodical catalogue.
(3) Classification method
Searching documents according to the subject classification system. This method is based on the knowledge system, therefore, it can better reflect the discipline system, reflect the affiliation, derivation and parallel relationship between disciplines and things, facilitate us to find documents from the scope of disciplines, and play an analogy role. Classified retrieval mainly uses classified catalogue and classified index.
(4) Thematic method
Literature retrieval is carried out through subject words that reflect the content of literature. Because the thematic method can reflect all aspects of a theme, it is convenient for readers to conduct a comprehensive and systematic thematic study on a certain problem, thing and object. We can find all aspects of the literature on the same subject through the subject catalogue or index.
(5), the way of reference
References or quotations attached to documents are one of the external characteristics of documents. The index system compiled by using this citation is called citation index system, which provides a method to retrieve cited papers from cited papers, called citation method.
(6), numbering method
Some documents have specific serial numbers, such as patent number, report number, contract number, standard number, international standard book number and publication number. The file serial number is clear, short and unique, which is used to identify some files. Based on this, various serial number indexes can provide a way to retrieve literature information in the order of serial number itself. ......& gt& gt
Question 6: What are the types of information retrieval tools? The process or technology of organizing and storing documents in a certain way on a certain carrier, and using corresponding methods or means to find out the documents that meet the needs of users. Literature retrieval is an important part of scientific and technological information work and the preliminary work of scientific research. Literature retrieval includes two parts: literature processing and sorting and literature retrieval. According to different processing depth, it can be divided into title retrieval, abstract retrieval and full-text retrieval; According to the different retrieval equipment, it can be divided into manual document retrieval and computer document retrieval. In the library's document retrieval service, the retrieval of documents needed for complex topics generally goes through the following processes: ① the analysis of retrieval topics, including the analysis of the nature of retrieval topics, the literature situation and requirements that readers have mastered, the types, languages and time limits of retrieval documents, and the difficulty of retrieval. (2) Make a retrieval plan, mainly to determine the retrieval strategy, arrange suitable personnel, put forward quality requirements, and specify the completion period. ③ Select the retrieval tool. ④ Determine the retrieval approach. ⑤ Provide retrieval results, including the source, collection unit and request number of the original document, so that readers can directly obtain the original document or a copy of the document. [Document retrieval tool]: 1. The meaning of retrieval tool refers to the tool used to report, store and find literature clues. It is the object of a certain range of literature items with search marks, and it is a secondary literature. Generally speaking, a retrieval tool should meet the following five conditions: ① a clear collection scope; (2) Having complete and clear document characteristic marks; (3) Each document entry must contain multiple document characteristic marks with retrieval significance, and be marked with retrieval marks; ④ Each project is scientifically organized into an organic whole according to certain laws; ⑤ There is an index part, which provides various necessary retrieval ways. Second, the types of retrieval tools At present, there are many retrieval tools available to people. Different retrieval tools have their own characteristics and can meet different information retrieval needs. There are different classification methods of retrieval tools, which can be divided into manual retrieval tools and mechanical retrieval tools according to the different means of processing literature information. According to the different publishing forms, it can be divided into periodical retrieval tools, single volume retrieval tools, card retrieval tools and film retrieval tools; According to the different carrier forms, it can be divided into: book retrieval tools, tape retrieval tools, card retrieval tools, microfilm retrieval tools and film retrieval tools. According to the different description formats, retrieval tools can be divided into the following four types. 1. Directory Search Tool Directory Search Tool is a tool to record specific publishing units, collection units and other appearance features. It takes a complete publishing or collection unit as the recording unit, and generally records the name, author and source of the literature. There are many kinds of catalogues, among which national bibliography, joint catalogue and collection catalogue are particularly important for literature retrieval. 2. Title-based retrieval tool A title-based retrieval tool is a retrieval tool that describes the external characteristics of a document (such as document title, author name, document source, etc.). ) Take a single document as the basic description unit, and report the document information quickly without content summary. The main difference between it and a directory is that it describes different objects. The object of catalogue description is the unit publication, and the object of title description is a single document. 3. Abstract retrieval tool Abstract retrieval tool is a retrieval tool that abstracts a large number of scattered documents, selects important parts and arranges them in a concise way. According to the author of the abstract, it can be divided into author abstract and non-author abstract. Author's abstract refers to the abstract written by the original author; A non-author's abstract refers to an abstract written by a professional abstract author who is familiar with his major. According to the degree of detail, it can be divided into indicative summary and reporting summary. The indicative abstract shows the title, content scope, research purpose and source of the document in the shortest language, which is actually a supplementary explanation to the title, generally about 100 words; The purpose of the reportable abstract is to reveal the theme essence of the original text, basically reflect the content of the original text, the scope and purpose of the discussion, the research means and methods adopted, the results and conclusions obtained, and also include relevant data and formulas. Generally about 500 words, important articles can reach as many as 1000 words. 4. Index retrieval tool An index retrieval tool is a retrieval tool that arranges related items or knowledge units in some important documents in a specific range, such as book titles, periodical titles, names of people, place names, words, etc. , according to a certain method, and indicate the source, to provide users with literature clues.
Question 7: What is paper retrieval? Urgent! It is the literature cited when writing a paper, which is generally ranked at the end of the paper.
The index description after the text should generally be written in the following format, mainly including:
A. Monograph: [serial number] author. Title [M]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication. Start and end page numbers.
B. Question: [serial number] author. Title [J] Name of publication, year of publication, volume number (issue number): page number.
C anthology: [serial number] author, title [a], meeting name [c], meeting place, meeting year, starting and ending page numbers.
D. Electronic document: [serial number] author. Electronic document title [EB/OL]. Website, date of publication.
E. patent right: [serial number] patentee. Patent name [P]. Patent country: patent number, publication date.
F international and national standards: [serial number] standard number, standard name.
Question 8: What is the noun explanation of the title in literature retrieval?
Peking University Lai Sci-tech Literature Retrieval
there are also some
Introduction to information management
Meng Guangjun Information Resources Management Introduction Science Press
Introduction to Information Management by Yue Jianbo Tsinghua University Publishing House
Lai Information Resource Management Course Tsinghua University Publishing House
wait for
Question 9: What does retrieval mean? Information retrieval refers to the process of organizing and storing information in a certain way and finding out relevant information according to the needs of information users, so its full name is also called "information storage and retrieval", which is information retrieval in a broad sense.
Narrow information retrieval only refers to the second half of the process, that is, the process of finding the needed information from information, which is equivalent to what people usually call information search.
Question 10: What does the main search term in the topic title mean? Information retrieval refers to the process of obtaining documents according to the needs of study and work. The function is as follows, so: