Su Shi (1037 65438+10.8-124.8), whose real name is Zi Zhan, also known as He Zhong, is a Taoist priest of tin cans and a layman of Dongpo, and is known as Su Dongpo and Su Xian in the world. Han nationality, a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan) and Luancheng, Hebei, was a writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Shi was a scholar. Song Shenzong worked in Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was demoted to be the permanent assistant ambassador of Huangzhou because of Wutai poetry case.
After Song Zhezong acceded to the throne, he was known in Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou, Dingzhou and other places. In his later years, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou because of the ruling of the New Party. Song Huizong was granted amnesty and returned to the north, where he died. Song Gaozong posthumously awarded a surname, posthumous title "article".
Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting. His writing is arbitrary; His poems are broad in subject matter, fresh and healthy, good at exaggeration and metaphor, and unique in style. He is also called "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. His words are bold and unconstrained, and they are both bold and unconstrained representatives with Xin Qiji, and they are called "Su Xin"; His prose creation is rich and unrestrained, and he is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, and he is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".
Su Shi is also good at books and is one of the "Song Sijia"; He is good at painting, especially at ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood. There are seven episodes of Dongpo, Yi Zhuan of Dongpo and Yuefu of Dongpo.
Su Shi's fate can be summarized as three ups and downs:
1, "together": step into the official career. In A.D. 1057, Su Dongpo took the imperial examination at the age of 22 and became famous all over the world. This year, 388 scholars were admitted, Su Dongpo ranked second and his younger brother Su Zhe ranked fifth. His strategic theory of "Rewarding Loyalty with Punishment" was later included in China's View of Ancient Literature, which made him famous in Beijing and stood out from the crowd. Su Dongpo's first post as a scholar was as a judge in Fengxiang Prefecture, Shaanxi Province. His grade is not high, and he has worked in the eighth grade for nearly three years.
After being recalled to the imperial court, he worked in the History Museum (National Library) and read many books there. In the fourth year of Zong Shenxi Ning (A.D. 107 1), he was sent to Hangzhou as a general for two years and nine months. Then he went to Mizhou to be the prefect (AD 1074). At that time, he was 38 years old and belonged to a "young cadre". Later, he was transferred to Xuzhou for 2 years and Huzhou for 3 months. It can be seen that after Su Dongpo entered the official career, he was gradually promoted and reused.
2. "One Fall": A disaster is coming. In A.D. 1079, Su Dongpo was detained in Jade Terrace for trial because of Wutai Poetry Case 130 days. Wutai is a jade platform. Why is it called five? In the Tang Dynasty, there were several cypress trees in the Jade Terrace, on which crows built their nests, so the Jade Terrace was called Wutai, which has been in use ever since.
The case started with words, so it was called "Wutai Poetry Case". Song Shenzong's appointment of Wang Anshi led to the dispute between the new party and the old party. Su Dongpo opposed political reform and stood on the side of the old party. Li Ding, Shu Qi and others tried their best to force Song Shenzong to convict him. The political opponents were bent on killing him, but Shenzong was indecisive for a moment, and Taizu had already sworn that he would not kill any etiquette or scholar-officials except treason and rebellion. Song Shenzong also cherished talents, so he compromised.
Where are you going? Huangzhou. Huangzhou was an inferior state at that time, poor and backward. The Yangtze River bends from north to south and flows from the east of the city. Bahe River flows into the Yangtze River from north to south. Together with the Bahe River, Huangzhou is surrounded like a well. Su Dongpo said that "Huangzhou is really a frog in the well", and I believe it is emotional. But Su Dongpo is a rare talent after all, and Song Shenzong doesn't want to be too rude to him. Fortunately, Huangzhou is not far from Fengfeng, and the basic life is still guaranteed, so it was demoted here.
3. "Two": Make a comeback. 1085 In April, Song Shenzong died, and Zhezong succeeded to the throne at the age of 10. Empress Dowager Yingzong acceded to the throne as Regent, and Wang Anshi's new law was abolished, which was called "Yuan You Geng Hua" in history. The appointment of Sima Guang as prime minister also brought Su Dongpo to the top. He was the first governor of Dengzhou and was recalled to Beijing after five days in office. The official of Hanlin Bachelor knows this patent. In a short period of 17 months, Su Dongpo rose from a guilty person from level 8 to level 3, and jumped to level 12.
4, "two falls": retreat after knowing difficulties. Empress Dowager Cixi and Sima Guang totally denied Wang Anshi's new law, while Su Dongpo insisted on principles and opposed total negation. Su Dongpo was unhappy because he was at odds with the Empress Dowager and Sima Guang, and resigned many times. 1089 July to 109 1 February, served as Hangzhou satrap 1 year and 7 months.
5, "three": back to the DPRK. Su Dongpo returned to the DPRK in March of A.D. 109 1 year, and served as an official for seven months, then as a magistrate of Yingzhou and Yangzhou, then as a minister of war 1 month, and a minister of rites for nine months. The frequent transfer from Su Dongpo to the top, bottom, left and right reflected the extremely contradictory mentality of the court at that time. On the one hand, the queen mother appreciates Su Dongpo very much and hopes that he will become a political force to balance the new party. On the other hand, I hate iron and don't produce steel, but I love and hate Su Dongpo.
6. "three falls": one falls and then falls. 1093 September, the empress dowager died, 18-year-old Zhezong took charge of the state affairs. Zhezong's mind has been somewhat distorted. When the Queen Mother was regent, he was basically an outsider, and major issues had nothing to do with him. He was very depressed. As soon as he took office, he stepped up his political counterattack and dealt a merciless blow to the "Yuan You Party". First, Su Dongpo was reduced to Dingzhou satrap and was driven out of the capital; He took office 1 month and was exiled to Huizhou, where he lived for 2 years and 6 months. Then he was demoted to Danzhou, farther away, which is the ends of the earth today.