China fire management manual
Chapter 1: Overview of fire safety management.
The second part: the construction of fire management system and safety responsibility system.
Chapter III Management of Fire Control Facilities and Fire Extinguishing Systems.
Chapter 4: Management of automatic fire alarm system.
Chapter V: Fire Safety Management of Units
Chapter VI Supervision and Inspection of Fire Safety
Chapter VII: Common knowledge of fire fighting and fire fighting training.
Chapter 8: Compilation of Fire Emergency Rescue Plan
Chapter 9: Fire Fighting and Fire Escape
Article 10: Standard of fire safety supporting facilities
Chapter II XI: Fire Management Policies and Regulations
Fire control knowledge
1 If you find a fire, call the fire alarm number 1 19. When calling the police, it is necessary to explain the detailed address, fire location, fire substance, fire size, name and telephone number of the alarm person, and send someone to meet the fire truck at the intersection.
Don't panic if the house is on fire. If the fire is not big, you should quickly use the simple fire extinguishing equipment available in the air and take effective measures to control and put out the fire.
If the oil pan is on fire, you can't splash water to put out the fire. You should turn off the gas valve of the stove, cover it directly or cover it with a wet rag to suffocate the fire. You can also put the cut vegetables into the pot and let the fire cool down.
4. When the gas tank is on fire, cover it with soaked bedding and clothes to extinguish the fire, and quickly close the valve.
5. When household appliances or lines catch fire, cut off the power supply first, and then use dry powder or gas fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire. Don't throw water directly to put out the fire, so as not to get an electric shock or explosion and hurt people.
6, don't rush to open the doors and windows when fire fighting, so as to avoid air convection to accelerate the spread of the fire.
Fire control common sense
1, solid fire should be put out with water, foam, ammonium phosphate dry powder and halon fire extinguisher.
2. Dry powder, foam, halon and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers should be used to put out liquid fires.
3, gas fire should use dry powder, haloalkane, carbon dioxide fire extinguisher.
4. When the charged object catches fire, haloalkane, carbon dioxide and dry powder fire extinguisher should be used to put out the fire.
5. Fire-fighting equipment for metal fires shall be settled through consultation between the design department and the local public security fire supervision department. At present, there is no formal fire extinguisher product in China.
6. Please refer to "Use of Fire Extinguishers" for the use of fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing methods.
If you live upstairs and there is a fire, you can cover your nose with a wet towel and call 1 19.
1. Call the police as soon as possible. The earlier you call the police, the smaller the loss. Remember the "1 19" fire alarm number.
The first fire is the easiest to put out before the fire truck arrives. If you can concentrate on the rescue, you can often save the day and turn the corner.
3. Put out the fire first, and then carry the property. A moment's delay can easily lead to catastrophe. In case of fire, it is not advisable to rescue property first, which may lead to suffocation or loss of escape opportunities.
Only when you are calm, calm and strictly obey the order can you retreat safely in the fire. If we rush to each other, crowd each other, block the passage, and lead to self-trampling, it will cause undue tragedy.
The passage downstairs was blocked by fire. When there is no way out, tear the sheets and tablecloths into strips to form a rope, fasten the window, then cover your palm with a cloth and slide down the rope.
If the next room is on fire, don't open the door. You should jump on the balcony of the window and call for help or escape in the old way. Otherwise, hot air and smoke will take advantage of it and make people suffocate.
7. Don't panic when the smoke is thick. You should land on your knees and elbows and crawl forward, because fresh air often stays near you. Be careful. Breathe small and shallow.
8. If you have to go upstairs, you must hold your breath and go upstairs. Because the speed of smoke rising is 3-5 meters per second, the speed of people going upstairs is 0.5 meters per second.
9. When escaping, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel. You can also wet clothes and cloth with water and cover your mouth and nose. When taking a baby to escape, you can put a wet cloth on your head, hold it in one hand and escape in the other.
10. Before you escape, you must close the door of the room with fire. Especially in buildings and hotels with more residents, this measure can limit the flame and smoke in one room, so as not to spread rapidly, and it can win valuable time for yourself and everyone.
2. Fire website: Please introduce the fire knowledge website.
Article 13487 Fire Safety Knowledge-Fire Safety Publicity Picture Series 8: Self-rescue methods in case of accidental fire, escape quickly in case of fire, and don't covet property.
Pictures of self-rescue methods in accidental fires. Family members should know the basic methods of fire escape and be familiar with several escape routes. Article 13486 Fire Safety Knowledge-Fire Safety Publicity Picture Series 7: Fire extinguishing methods for liquefied gas fire and oil pan fire. Call the fire alarm number quickly when you find a fire.
When calling the police, it is necessary to explain the detailed address, fire location, fire substance, fire size, name and telephone number of the alarm person, and send someone to meet the fire truck at the intersection. Fire extinguishing methods of liquefied gas fire and oil pan fire Picture article 13485 Fire safety knowledge-Fire safety publicity picture series 6: Safety and fire prevention of liquefied gas cylinders, stoves, pressure reducing valves and rubber hoses. , must buy in line with the relevant provisions of the state and approved by the municipal management department.
Liquefied gas cylinder fire picture article 13484 fire safety knowledge-fire knowledge safety publicity picture series 5: family fire response methods, usually think of several escape routes in different directions. Pictures of family fire coping methods, escape in the thick smoke, try to put down your body and cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel.
Article 13483 Fire safety knowledge-Fire safety publicity picture series 4: Family fire prevention knowledge, educating children not to play with fire and electrical equipment. Picture of family fire prevention knowledge, don't throw cigarette butts around. Article 13482 Fire safety knowledge-Fire safety publicity picture series 3: Fire prevention and extinguishing of household appliances, don't overload electricity.
Picture of fire prevention and extinguishing of household appliances, people can't leave when using electric heaters. Article 1348 1 Fire Safety Knowledge-Fire Safety Publicity Picture Series 2: Fire Prevention and Response Knowledge of School Teachers and Students Picture Description If the fire is out of control, it will cause disaster and bring misfortune to human beings. Article 13478 Fire Safety Knowledge-Fire Safety Knowledge Publicity, one of the fire prevention awareness series: Escape If the balcony is not far from the next door, it can be used.
Article 13380 Fire safety knowledge-Simple treatment of acute sprain Fire fighters often suffer from acute sprains of neck, waist and feet during fire fighting or training, which often backfire due to improper hot compress and rubbing treatment. In acute sprain, local ligaments will be partially or completely torn, capillaries will be congested or ruptured, and swelling such as edema or hematoma will be formed at the injured site.
At this time, cold compress should be used to contract blood vessels, reduce local congestion or bleeding, and make hematoma difficult to form or reduce swelling. If hot compress, * * *, will aggravate the degree of local congestion or bleeding, but aggravate local swelling.
Therefore, in the period of acute sprain, article 13379, fire safety knowledge-several links that should be grasped in fire rescue, refers to the combat action that firefighters use all kinds of equipment, techniques and tactics to evacuate and rescue people trapped by fire or threatened by other dangerous situations to a safe area, or to improve the living environment of trapped people to avoid casualties. At present, the death rate of many residential fires is high, such as the fire of brick and wood structure old houses, the fire of Shikumen houses and the fire of ordinary simple shed houses. Especially in different urban centers, this is very detailed.
3. Know little about fire safety.
Fire safety tips: 1. How to call the police after a fire, 1, call the public security fire brigade through 1 19. 2. Go to the fire brigade by bike. 3. Call the police loudly. 4. Call the police through wired broadcast. 2. What should you pay attention to when a fire breaks out? 1, don't judge in a panic. Do not use lifting equipment (elevator) to escape. Don't go back to the house to get valuables. When there is a fire at night, wake the sleeping person first, don't just try to escape by yourself, shout as loudly as possible to remind others to escape. 3. How to use the fire hydrant is 1. Open the fire hydrant box. 2. Extend the hose. 3. Open the water stop valve. 4. How to use dry powder fire extinguisher? Pull open the safety pin. 2. Point the hose towards the fire point. 3. Press the handle hard, choose the upwind position near the ignition point, and inject dry powder into the flame base. 4. After the fire is put out, cool it with water to eliminate smoke. 5. How to avoid the danger of fire and smoke in escape, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, and lower your posture to reduce smoke inhalation. 2. Put transparent plastic bags where there is no smoke. To avoid inhaling toxic smoke or gas. 3. If you pass through the flame area on the way to escape, you should first wet your clothes or wrap your body with wet quilts and blankets, and pass quickly to avoid fire. 4. In the smoke, there is still residual air 30 cm away from the ground, so you can escape with a low posture. When crawling, keep your palms, elbows and knees close to the ground and escape along the wall to avoid getting lost. During the fire escape, you should shut it down completely. It can slow down the spread of fire and smoke. 6. Precautions for smoking Common combustible materials, such as cotton, hemp, paper and furniture. The ignition point is only about 200℃ to 300℃, and the temperature of lit cigarettes is two or three times higher than the ignition temperature of these combustibles, and the burning time of a cigarette is about 10 to 20 minutes, which leads to a long-term fire hazard. Therefore, it is necessary to warn against smoking. 2. Don't throw cigarette butts and match stalks casually, regardless of the occasion; 3. Don't smoke when repairing cars and cleaning parts; 4. Don't let ash fall on flammable materials when smoking; 5. Don't throw ash everywhere; 6. Don't put unlit cigarette butts into your clothes pocket in a hurry; 7. Don't put lit cigarettes on flammable materials; 8. Don't smoke in places where fire is strictly prohibited. 7. Precautions for power consumption: 1, do not overload power consumption, and try to use automatic air switch; 2. The air conditioning equipment loop should adopt independent loop, and the socket should adopt flame-retardant socket; 3. Check the circuit frequently to prevent aging, short circuit and leakage. 4. Do not use other wires instead of fuses; 5. Don't pull wires or add electrical equipment; 6. Don't steal electricity.
4. Fire safety knowledge
Second, how to prevent fire accidents Fire is a natural phenomenon.
Taming fire is a friend of human beings, which brings light and warmth to people and promotes the progress of human civilization and society. However, if the fire gets out of control and leads to a fire, it will cause great losses to people's lives and property.
According to statistics, during the period of 1997, there were more than 40,000 fires in China, with more than 7,000 casualties, 8% of which were caused by children playing with fire. It can be seen that it is very important for students to understand and master some fire-fighting knowledge to reduce and prevent the occurrence of fires.
(1) Playing with Fire Many students are curious about fire and often play games with fire behind their teachers and parents' backs. Some burn paper and firewood, pile up waste tires and plastics in the wild, some burn matches, match sticks and set off fireworks in the dark, and some burn hornets' nests in the wild.
However, almost every game is in danger of causing fire. Students are young and lack self-protection ability. Please pay attention to: 1. Fully understand the hazards and possible serious consequences of playing with fire, and never play with fire at any time.
2. Lighters, matches, firecrackers, etc. It is often something that induces children to play with fire. Don't carry these things with you at ordinary times. 3. Students should supervise each other and remind each other.
If students are found playing with fire, they should stop immediately and report to teachers and parents for criticism and education. (2) Take good care of fire-fighting equipment and keep the passage unblocked. In order to prevent major fire accidents and nip in the bud, people have set up fire-fighting equipment in many places.
Once these devices are misappropriated or damaged, people will be helpless in case of fire. 1. Do not move, misappropriate or damage fire hydrants, water guns, hoses, fire extinguishers, shovels, picks, hooks, sandboxes, buckets, etc.
Modern shopping malls, hotels, libraries and many other public places have installed red fire buttons on the walls. Students should never press them at will. 3. Stair passage is the passage for people to escape from danger in case of fire, and it is also the only way to rescue people trapped in the fire. Be sure to keep it clear. Don't store bicycles or pile up sundries in these places.
Third, how to escape the fire mercilessly. In case of fire, students should keep a clear head, race against time and evacuate quickly. If you are trapped in a fire, you should improvise and try to escape.
(1) How to escape from a fire in a bungalow 1. When you are awakened by smoke, you should get out of bed quickly and rush out of the room. Don't wait to get dressed before you go out. Time is life at this moment.
If the whole house is on fire, you'd better climb to the door and find a wet towel to cover your nose and mouth. Don't go out when the fireworks are closed! You should change other exits and close the doors and windows you pass through to delay the fire from spreading to other rooms.
3. If you are trapped in the house by fireworks, cover your body with blankets or bedding soaked with water, especially wrap your head, cover your nose with a wet towel, and take protective measures before rushing out, the possibility of injury is much less. Never lie under the bed, under the table or hide in the closet.
Don't risk going back to the burning room to save valuables at home. (2) How to escape from a fire in a teaching building Modern teaching buildings are more difficult to escape in the event of a fire because the floors are gradually increasing, the structure is becoming more and more complex, the density of students is high, and there are more flammable materials such as tables and chairs.
Once the building is on fire, you should escape by the following methods: 1. When eureka tower is on fire, don't panic and don't run around. You should calmly find the direction of the fire, determine the wind direction, and leave the fire quickly against the wind before the fire spreads. 2. In case of fire, if the corridor is blocked by fireworks, the door and indoor ventilation holes should be closed immediately to prevent smoke from entering.
Then block your nose and mouth with a wet towel to prevent the inhalation of hot smoke and toxic gases, and wet the upward clothes to avoid fire. If there is only smoke and no fire in the corridor, you can put a large transparent plastic bag on your head to prevent smoke from being inhaled into the respiratory tract and take a low posture to escape from the fireworks area.
Never jump from the window. If the floor is not high, you can use a rope to descend from the window to a safe area under the protection and organization of the teacher.
4. When there is a fire, you can't take the elevator, because the elevator may break down or be burned out at any time; You should run to the ground floor along the fire safety evacuation stairs; If the fire stairs are blocked, you should immediately return to the roof platform and call for help. You can also break the window glass of the stairwell and shout for help, so that rescuers can know your exact location for rescue.
(3) What should I do after the stairs are blocked by fire? Once the stairs are burned out, it seems to have reached a desperate situation, but it is not. 1, you can climb down from the downspout installed next to the window, but pay attention to check whether the pipeline is firm to prevent the human body from breaking and falling off after climbing up, causing casualties.
2. Tear off the sheets, connect them into a rope, tie one end firmly to the window frame, and then slide down the rope. The flat roof of the building is a relatively safe place, and you can take refuge there temporarily.
4, from the prominent wall, dado and connected balcony and other parts of the transfer to a safe area. 5. Escape to the unlit room and call for help.
6. Jumping off a building is often unlucky and is the most undesirable way to escape. But if you are trapped on the second floor, you can grab the edge of the window or balcony with your hands, slowly put down your feet and jump off with your knees slightly bent.
5. Fire safety tips
I hope that the O(∩_∩)O~ moved by Xinhuanet can be useful to you.
(1) Should I call the police or put out the fire after a fire?
Under normal circumstances, after a fire breaks out, alarm and fire fighting should be carried out at the same time, because fire fighting is a matter of every second. If you call the police one minute earlier and the fire truck arrives one minute earlier, the fire can be put out in the early stage, which will delay the time and lead to a fire. In addition, the development of fire is often unpredictable. Sometimes the fire looks so small that you think you can put it out. However, due to various factors, the fire suddenly expands, and then you call the fire brigade, which will make the fire fighting work passive. When there is a fire and there is only one person at the scene, you should call the police for help and handle it. If you think you have the ability and confidence to put out the initial fire, and there are corresponding fire extinguishers in the local area, and you know how to use them, you should put out the fire immediately. If you think you can't put out the fire, you should call the police as soon as possible, and shout and run on the way to seek help from the masses.
(2) Will you use the telephone "1 19" correctly?
When calling the police, first of all, be calm and don't panic; The second is to find out the fire unit, address, burning object and fire situation, and tell the fire brigade the name and telephone number of the alarm person for contact. After calling the police, I will send someone to meet the fire truck at the traffic intersection, factory gate or street corner leading to the fire. The third is to call the police as early as possible to win time for the fire brigade to put out the fire and reduce losses.
(3) Why can't you lie about the fire alarm?
Because the fire brigade reduced its preparation power after receiving the false alarm, it lacked sufficient fire fighting power when a real fire broke out, which led to the spread of the fire and caused great losses to the life and property safety of the country and people. In addition, the alarm sounded by a fire truck in a fake fire will cause people's psychological panic and confusion, and affect people's normal production, life, work order and social order.
(4) How to punish those who falsely report the fire alarm?
According to the relevant provisions of Article 62 of the Fire Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), anyone who falsely reports a fire alarm shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Public Security Administration Punishment.
(5) Several emergency measures to deal with the initial fire.
After the fire broke out, while giving an alarm to the fire brigade quickly, we should also organize the personnel of our unit to use simple fire fighting equipment and equipment to put out the fire in time. Disposal methods are:
1, isolate combustible materials and remove combustible materials near the fire point; Close the valve and cut off the combustible gas or liquid flowing to the ignition point.
2. Calm down.
3. Cover the surface of combustion products with foam; Cover the fire extinguishing point with the top cover of containers and equipment; When the oil pan is on fire, cover the pan; Cover the surface of combustible materials with blankets, quilts and sacks after soaking; Cover the burning substance with sand and mud to suffocate it and put out the fire.
4. When a small area of solid combustible is burning, brooms, branches and clothes can be used.
5. When an electrical fire occurs, or when electrical lines and equipment are threatened by fire, or when electrical lines affect the safety of firefighters, the power supply should be cut off in time.
6. For small-area indoor fires with good airtight conditions, doors and windows should be closed before fire extinguishing preparation to prevent fresh air from entering and prevent the fire from spreading.
7. Evacuate inflammable and explosive articles, pressure vessels and tank trucks threatened by fire to safety; For pressure vessels and equipment threatened by fire, the inward transportation of materials should be stopped immediately, and the materials in the vessels should be taken away, or the heating and cooling should be stopped in time, or the relevant valves should be opened to vent and relieve pressure to prevent explosion.
(6) How should the fire unit cooperate with the fire brigade to put out the fire?
If there is a fire in the unit, we should actively cooperate with the fire brigade to put out the fire while giving an alarm in time and organizing fire fighting. If the initial fire has been extinguished, attention should be paid to protecting the scene so that the public security department or the unit security department can investigate the cause and loss of the fire. If the fire has spread and the people present are unable to put it out, measures should be taken to stop it from spreading. We should actively cooperate with the fire brigade to put out the fire, and send people to wait and meet in the direction where the fire brigade may come, so as to lead the way; Secondly, after the firefighters arrive at the scene, they should promptly introduce the fire situation, such as burning substances, whether there are people trapped by fire, whether there are explosions and toxic substances, etc. In addition, it is necessary to maintain good fire control order and prohibit irrelevant personnel from entering, so that firefighters can put out the fire.
(7) Fire extinguishing methods for household appliances.
Turn off the power immediately, unplug the power plug or pull down the main brake. If only electric sparks are found, the fire will automatically go out after power failure; When flammable materials such as wire insulation and electrical shell catch fire, they can be closed with wet quilts and other covers to suffocate and extinguish the fire; Don't use water to put out the fire, so as not to cause electrical appliances to burst and hurt people.
6. Primary school students' fire safety knowledge
1, basic requirements: pupils are not allowed to play with fire. First, don't bring kindling such as matches or lighters; Second, it is not allowed to ignite at will, and it is forbidden to use fire for flammable and explosive materials; Third, it is not allowed to set off firecrackers in public places and throw lit firecrackers around. At the scene of the fire, primary school students and other minors should adhere to the principle of escaping first.
2. Fire treatment methods
If there is a fire at home, don't panic, and take corresponding measures in time according to the fire: if the oil pan catches fire while cooking, quickly cover the lid tightly so that the oil fire in the pan is extinguished due to lack of oxygen, and it is not allowed to be extinguished with water.
When a fire breaks out indoors, doors and windows cannot be easily opened to avoid air convection and form a large-scale fire.
When paper, wood and cloth catch fire, water can be used to put out the fire. When electrical appliances, gasoline, alcohol and cooking oil catch fire, earth, sand and mud and dry powder fire extinguishers can be used to put out the fire.
If the fire is very big, you must report the fire immediately. When you are trapped by fire, you should take different methods to escape according to different situations. If you lean down, cover your nose with a damp cloth.
3. How to call the police in case of fire?
If a fire is found, the most important thing is to call the police, so as to put out the fire in time, control the fire and reduce the losses caused by the fire. The telephone number of the fire alarm is 1 19. This figure should be kept in mind. In any part of the country, the telephone number for reporting fire to the public security fire department is the same. According to this figure, 1 1.9 is designated as the fire safety day every year. You can't call the fire alarm at will. It is illegal to lie about the fire alarm, which disturbs public order. When there is no telephone, you should shout loudly or take other measures to attract the attention of neighbors and pedestrians, and assist in fire fighting or alarm.
4. How to get out of danger correctly in case of fire?
In case of fire, correct and effective methods should be taken to save oneself and escape, so as to reduce the loss of personal injury and death:
1) Once threatened by fire, don't panic, calmly determine your position, and judge the fire according to the surrounding smoke, light and temperature, and don't act blindly.
2) In the bungalow, if the fire around the door is not big, you should leave the fire quickly. On the other hand, you must choose another exit to escape (such as jumping out of the window) or take protective measures (such as soaking clothes with water, wrapping your head and upper body with warm quilts, etc.). ) before leaving the fire.
3) If you find a fire in a building, don't blindly open the doors and windows, otherwise it may lead to a fire.
4) If you are in a building, don't run around blindly, let alone jump off a building to escape, which will cause undue casualties. You can hide in the room or on the balcony. Close the doors and windows, cut off the fire road and wait for rescue. Conditional, can continue to water the doors and windows to cool down, in order to delay the spread of the fire.
5) In a burning building, don't use the elevator to escape, but take the stairs through the fire escape. Because the elevator shaft often becomes a channel for setting off fireworks after a fire. And the elevator may break down at any time.
6) If the fire is too fierce and you need to jump off a building to escape, you can jump off the second floor, but you should choose a soft ground. At the same time, throw the bedding upstairs to increase the cushion of the ground, and then slide down the window, so as to minimize the falling height and let the feet land first.
7) If you are sure, you can tie one end of the rope (or tear the sheets together) to the window frame and then slide down the ground along the rope.
8) When running away. Try to take protective measures, such as covering your nose and mouth with a wet towel and wrapping your body with wet clothes.
7. Primary school fire safety knowledge
Primary school students' fire safety knowledge
Pupils should know some simple knowledge about fire control, and the fire alarm telephone number 1 19 is the most basic.
First, the fire will call the police;
Correct alarm method: 1, detailed fire; Are there any obvious architectural signs next to it?
2. Ignition substance; (Oil, electricity, others)
3. The size of the fire; Just getting sick or getting old or dying? )
4. Whether there are trapped people;
5. Name and telephone number of the alarm person.
Second, simple emergency treatment.
For example, you should know how to deal with gas leakage at home;
The right way. 1, open the window for ventilation.
Note: Don't turn on the light, because the switch will produce an electric spark, which will explode if the concentration is high. You can't make a phone call, and your mobile phone will have static electricity.
Third, the basic knowledge of water, electricity and fire
Water can put out fires, but not all fires can use water; For example: oil, and living equipment at home.
If the frying pan at home is on fire, it can be directly covered with a pot cover; Asphyxiation and fire fighting. You can also put some vegetables in the pot to reduce the oil temperature and reduce the fire; Never add water, it will wash away the oil and contain fire;
Fourth, know some signs of fire;
Safety exit; Guide people to escape after the fire;
If there is a fire anywhere, keep calm, don't run around with the crowd and use the safety exit to escape. Listen to the guidance of fire broadcast and flee quickly; Never take the elevator, the elevator may lose power at any time. Don't take the escalator, the fire shutter may land at any time. Follow the stairs and evacuate to a safe place quickly.