The second woman smiled for her lover.

Writing of couplets

The first part sets sentence patterns

A set of sentences is to combine ready-made sentences in other people's poems and articles that conform to the characteristics of conjunctions and have coherent meanings into a couplet. Parallelism is a couplet and a special creative method. The original sentence, for the author, is just spare material. According to the needs of his own theme, after thinking and choosing, the author matched two unrelated sentences into couplets. This is also a kind of creation.

There are five main types of fixed sentences:

1, comprehensive sentence

The wind will make the flowers fall still (Wang Anshi)

Tonamiyama is more hidden (Ji Wang)

Until, holding up my cup, I asked the moon; (Li Bai)

Look at those green hills. (Bai Juyi)

Lotus leaves are infinitely green;

Lotus flowers reflecting the sun have different colors (Yang Wanli)

The thin shadow is oblique and shallow;

Dim fragrance floats in the dusk. (Lin Hejing)

2. Semi-connected set sentences

A couplet with half couplet is a definite sentence, and half couplet is its own new creation, such as:

The third summons increased his burden of handling state affairs; (Du Fu's sentence)

Talk about the past and the present. (East Tietong Wuhou Temple)

Four bodies are not diligent, regardless of the grain, who is in charge; (Analects of Confucius)

A student is only when he asks little doubts and hears big things. (Tao Xingzhi's topic Xiaozhuang School)

3. Semi-set sentence patterns

Half of the couplets are poems or allusions, and most of them are created by themselves. Such as: He Lou, a native of Tongxian County, Beijing, and Cheng Derun, a former Qing Dynasty;

The heights are too cold, the sand birds sail, and seventy-two T-shaped waters are sold;

To see the sun, for all his glory, go to the thistle tree as a swallow and turn Mi Jiashan into a million.

"It's too cold up there" comes from Su Dongpo's Fraxinus mandshurica? When did the moon begin to appear? "Seeing the sun, although there is glory" comes from Li Shangyin's poem "Happy Garden".

4, change the word group sentence

Changing individual words in the original poem without destroying the old meaning or giving birth to new ideas is called changing the sentence pattern of the word set. For example:

Mochow doesn't know the way ahead;

There are many old friends outside Yangguan in the west.

This is a collection of "I don't know big" written by Gao Shi in the Tang Dynasty. "There is no worry about the road ahead, and everyone in the world doesn't know a gentleman." The second couplet comes from Wang Wei's "Twenty Things to Send Yuan An Xi", "Advise you to drink, and go out of Yangguan for no reason." Replace the word "none" with "many". The change of this word is wonderful.

5. Omitted words and sentences

Omitting phrase sentences, deliberately omitting some words in the original sentence, such as:

The meaning of drunkenness is not there;

A friendship between gentlemen is as light as water;

This pair of couplets comes from "The meaning of drunkenness is not wine" in Ouyang Xiu's Zuiweng Pavilion, and the word "wine" is deliberately omitted. The second part is from Zhuangzi? Landscape "the friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, and the friendship between villains is as good as ever." Deliberately missed the water.

The second part extracts sentence patterns

Sentence abstraction is to extract even sentences directly from other people's poems and turn them into couplets. For example:

Mountains and rivers have no cover;

There is also a village. (land travel)

Silkworms in spring will weave until they die;

Every night, the candle will cry dry the wick. (Li Shangyin)

Dance along the center of the willow building;

Song is the bottom wind of peach blossom fan. (Yan) according to

Section III Chemical Types

Off-body, also known as renovation, is to slightly change the sentences in related poems and introduce new ideas to become new couplets according to your own needs.

1, poetry detachment. Is to slightly transform the sentences in poetry into couplets.

For example, there is a famous sentence in the poem "Remembering Jiuri Mountain East Brothers in September" written by the poet Wang Wei in the Tang Dynasty: "Being in a foreign land, I miss my relatives twice every festive season". Later generations changed to couplets, and the topic was in the Fellowship Hall:

Be a stranger in a foreign land;

Every acquaintance is a blind date.

He changed the word "independence" to "style", "festival" to "acquaintance" and "thinking" to "phase" in the original sentence. This change has a new meaning, and the topic is also very appropriate.

At the age of 51, Zhu Ziqing, a famous modern writer, once changed the poem "to see the sun, for all his glory, Buried in the Coming Night" written by Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, into an inspirational couplet:

But seeing the sun, all his glory;

As dusk approaches, there is no need to be melancholy.

Someone changed the sentence in Du Fu's poem "Send Li Thirteen White and Twenty Rhymes" that "the pen falls and the wind and rain shake, and the poem makes the gods cry" into a pair of calligraphy couplets:

Fall down in shock and rain;

Wave and cry.

The author hides the word "pen" in the original poem, adds a word "place" and changes "poetry into" to "swing", which not only maintains the style of the original poem, but also increases the sense of movement, which is quite interesting to read.

2. Decoupling. Is to take off the existing couplets and turn them into new ones. For example:

There used to be a famous couplet called:

Days increase people's life span;

Dry kungfu is everywhere in spring.

One year, a semi-literate rich man celebrated his mother's birthday, changed the "person" of this couplet to "mom", changed the word "fu" to "dad", and then posted it at the door:

Days increase years, and mothers increase life expectancy;

Spring is full of Gankunda's father.

Such a change has become a big joke in the world.

Changing the word "two" in the original couplets into "three" and changing "Southern accent to northern tune" into "tempering" has a new meaning, which accords with the identity of a blacksmith. Gu Xiancheng wrote a famous couplet in Donglin Academy in Ming Dynasty:

The sound of wind and rain, the sound of reading, the sound of hearing;

Family affairs, state affairs and world affairs are all concerned.

In earlier years, someone changed it to:

The wind and rain are silent, which has made this life;

Don't ask questions about family affairs. It's safe.

Later, after Hu Yaobang knew it, he thought that the level of this association was too low, so he changed it to:

The sound of wind and rain laments, wasting this life;

It's hard to be a soldier in times of danger.

This change has brought new ideas and encouraged everyone to take the lead in rejuvenating China and realizing the four modernizations. Unfortunately, this is illegal. At the beginning of 1987, the Children's Library of Dongcheng District, Beijing held a reading activity, and Kevin Z of Maoer Primary School was changed to:

Singing, laughing, reading, sweet voice;

The oral and written test simulation test is as thrilling as possible.

This change shows students' happiness and worries, and there are some new ideas.

3. Dechemization of couplets. On the basis of the original couplets, words are added to achieve new ideas. Once upon a time, a poor scholar wrote such a couplet:

Do diligent things;

Spend a cold year.

Someone knew his background, so he added two words in front of the couplet, which became:

Early diligence;

Avoid a cold year.

This change has given couplets a new view.

Businessmen's favorite couplets:

Business all over the world is booming;

Strong financial resources, up to three rivers.

After the reform and opening up, someone added a few words in front of this couplet, which became:

The sun shines, the business is booming, and it is all over the world;

The spring breeze is blowing and the financial resources are booming.

Such changes have the flavor of the times.

Change punctuation. Move or change punctuation marks in couplets and change the meaning of couplets.

Once upon a time, there was an unpopular rich man who invited a scholar to write two couplets for him when the Spring Festival came. This gentleman thinks: He is very bad to people at ordinary times, so let's play with him once. The gentleman readily agreed to help him write a good couplet:

Today, every spring is unlucky;

Less luck and more money in the coming year.

Brewing jar is a good vinegar jar;

The first big mouse that raised pigs died.

After writing, read it to the rich man:

Today is a good spring, not bad luck;

There will be less luck and more money in the coming year.

A good hip flask makes a jealous jar sour;

The pig head is big, and all the mice are dead.

The rich man was very happy to hear that. Ask your family to post it. The next day, a monk came to beg alms. After getting this pair of couplets, he smiled and read aloud a way:

Today is spring, so unlucky;

Bad luck next year, less money and more money.

Vinegar is good in the pot, and the altar is sour;

Raising pigs is the first big mouse, and everyone dies.

Hearing this, the rich man felt very angry. Tear it up at once.

5. transposition. Changing the position of words in the original sentence changes the meaning of couplets. For example:

Meng Haoran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote such a poem: "I was exiled by a wise ruler because of my mistakes. I was ill for so long that I couldn't see my friends." Later, Ji Xiaolan, a celebrity in the Qing Dynasty, was very disgusted with the quack who squeezed money, so he used Meng Haoran's poem and changed it into the following couplet through transposition to satirize quack:

Abandon the unknown,

Many patients are sparse.

That's ingenious.

1, one joint and one exchange, that is, only one joint has transposition. For example:

The plum blossom festival with five winds and ten rains;

Li Bai's poems about two rivers and three mountains.

In this pair of couplets, the second couplet has not been transposed, but the "Mei Huang" in the upper couplet has been transposed to "Mei Huang" in order to express "Li Bai".

2. All links are self-changing, that is, the upper and lower links are transposed, but only in this link. For example:

Eighty kings, eighteen justice everywhere next to life;

God, nine knots are inserted every year.

The "eighteen" in the first part of the couplet is only the transposition of "eighty", and "eighteen male" is the word "loose"; The "nine folds" in the second couplet are also transposed into "nine folds", which is very appropriate.

3. The positions of these two couplets are reversed. This kind of transposition is also called "ectopic mutual weight", that is, the upper and lower couplets all use the same word or word, but cross each other in the corresponding position. For example:

A son will turn his father into a horse;

The father wants his son to be a dragon.

The "father" and "son" in the bottom line are the transposition of the "son" and "father" in the top line. Another example is:

A person is eternal;

One person through the ages.

This is the connection between Lin Sen and Sun Yat-sen. The bottom line "eternity" and "one person" are the transposition of the top line "one person" and "eternity", but their meanings are different. Another example is:

Suffering for a year, suffering for a year, suffering for a year, suffering for a year, suffering for a year, last year became ancient;

Read a good book, read a good book, read a good book, read a good book and learn a good book.

This is the title of the clock, which is repeatedly transposed, and each transposition is given a new meaning. Another example is:

It is difficult to write three feet in one inch;

Three feet often care about inches.

In this couplet, "inch tube" and "three feet" are interchanged in the upper and lower couplet, and each says its own thing.

Section 4 Innovation

Innovation is to create your own couplets. This is the most commonly used method.

I. Contradictions

The opposite is dealing with it. That is, Party A makes sentences and seeks social dialogue. This method is widely used at present. There are various kinds of subscriptions at all levels every year. Everyone is no stranger. From 2003 to 2004, the program "Communication" of CCTV Education Channel was held every Saturday.

The First Deng Gang Women Winner (2003- 10- 19)

The first part: father and son are affectionate, and the scenery is far and near.

The brotherhood is heavy, and life is warm and cold.

Friendship between teachers and students: a beautiful talk between China and foreign countries.

The rise and fall of the country, sharing weal and woe, is of great responsibility.

The dream of life is far away from the time of gathering and parting.

Second, topic creation

In the solicitation activities, there is a kind of solicitation with a specified scope and theme, that is, thematic creation.

Beijing Hotel Centennial Celebration First Prize:

The old shop has a new look and often strives for five stars;

Famous ancient capital show, and then continue to be brilliant from the age of 100. (Chen Kai)

Third, free creation.

According to the characteristics of couplets, I freely create my own couplets, which are unconstrained and flexible. This is the most common way to create couplets. For example, the winners list and works of Yanqing 2005 Spring Festival Theme Collection Competition.

First prize: (10 pair)

Honesty knows how to advance and retreat.

Empty-headed Nagankun

(Miao Hebei Yun Ze)

The rooster is known to everyone.

Seven or eight pieces of snow are spring on earth.

(Wang Jing Yanqing County)

Macro-control in the Year of the Monkey has achieved fruitful results.

Deepening reform in the Year of the Rooster has reached a new level.

(Liu Shijingshan District)

The cadres who run a well-off society gallop a swift horse.

Start a great cause. The city and the countryside are on the same floor.

(Zhao Shichun Huairou District)

How do many children live long?

Less children, less distractions, and spring.

(Yang Yonglai Pinggu District)

Science and technology promote agriculture, and the five grains are abundant.

Rural access, thousands of businessmen gathered in the market red

(Jinqing Building, Chongwen District)

Affectionate, SMS, 3000 Li

Xinfeng Zeyu Network Order 1 100 million yuan

(Yanqing County, Chunmin Zhao)

Kitchen God, please come out of the old house.

Telephone cars enter the homes of ordinary people.

(Yanqing County, Meng)

Agricultural farmers, agriculture, agriculture, Zhao Rui and Sheng Xichun.

Treat guests with wealth, be rich and prosperous, and every family is prosperous.

(Peng Shanmin, Shunyi District)

Planting bamboo shoots in the greenhouse, hanging flowers and cucumbers, is full of spring.

Drip irrigation with fine water produces green vine fruits, and red persimmons are fragrant and beautiful.

(Shijingshan District, Ye Xue)

These award-winning works are healthy in content, prominent in theme, profound in meaning, novel in content, accurate in wording and sentences, and beautiful in artistic conception, which fully reflects the new changes in the rural landscape of China in recent years: facility agriculture has blossomed everywhere, and farmers have new fashions in modern life such as mobile phones, cars and tall buildings.

Couplets, also known as couplets, are couplets hung or pasted on walls and columns. It has a long history, and its origin is closely related to the formation and development of parallel prose. Parallel prose originated from Cao Zhi in Han Dynasty and matured in Liang Chen in Southern Dynasty, reaching a high artistic level. It is characterized by using even words, moving in opposite directions, taking harmony and forming rhyme, and reaching far and wide. Some scholars say that couplets are "descendants of parallel prose", which is quite insightful.

Regular poems formed in the early Tang Dynasty have neat sentence patterns, just like couplets. The law fu that rose after the Six Dynasties emphasized the harmony of sound and rhyme and the neatness of antithesis. Many of the upper and lower sentences of these poems are couplets themselves. No matter whether it is a five-character poem or a seven-character poem, each capital has eight sentences, of which the third, fourth, fifth and sixth sentences must be relative. This poetic style has been used by people for more than 1000 years from the Tang Dynasty to the present. Couplets come from the dual body represented by metrical poems. Therefore, it can also be said that couplets are derivatives of rhymes and rhymes in the early Tang Dynasty.

Judging from the development history of antithetical couplets, it sprouted before the regular poems, developed after the regular poems, and flourished in the Qing Dynasty, when poetry was declining. It is said that China's couplets first appeared in Spring Festival couplets. Spring Festival couplets are transformed from "Fu Tao". Fu Tao was born in the Qin Dynasty. On two crimson mahogany boards, "Shen Tu" and "Lei Yu" are written, or two gods are painted to ward off evil spirits and pray for happiness. With the appearance of parallel prose and the stereotyped development of metrical poems, the content of Fu Tao has also been updated, resulting in Fu Tao Poetry engraved with two antitheses, which is the earliest prototype of couplets. There are different opinions about when and by whom couplets were produced. However, according to Tan Sitong's textual research, Liu Kaochuo, a writer in Nanliang, could not dismiss from office, and said, "Close the door to celebrate the hanging, and lie down and thank the public for chatting." The third sister asked Xian to continue: "The fallen flowers are still in harmony, and the jungle is harvested." Although this is a poem, the sentences are all parallel and inscribed on the door, so it can be called the first couplet. Compared with the Spring Festival couplets of the five generations of Meng Chang, which have long been regarded as pioneers, "New Year's Qing Yu; Jiajie Changchun has been popularized for nearly 400 years.

Couplets pay attention to refining words and meanings. Couplet writers should use refined words, ingenious ideas and the finishing touch to create works with rich feelings, vivid images, strange ideas and rich meanings. So couplets can be fascinating, thought-provoking, thought-provoking and inspiring. Since couplets became a unique style, because of its quintessence, like "Chun Xue" and "Xialiba people", they flew from scholar-officials to the people and penetrated into thousands of households. It is precisely because of its broad and profound mass base and strong vitality that couplet fever has been enduring for thousands of years and has been appreciated and loved by the broad masses of the people in China. It has truly become the soul treasure of the Chinese nation and can be called a wonderful flower in China's art garden.

Because couplets are usually written in classical artistic language, elegant, refined and beautiful, with a wide range of themes, rich content and wonderful charm. At the same time, there are many ways to express it: describing the scenery with things, chanting things, expressing feelings, remembering the past, promoting the good and restraining the evil, etc. In addition, it is a comprehensive art combined with calligraphy, and the two set each other off as interest, showing a mysterious, magnificent and elegant artistic beauty.

Many couplets not only have the same literary and aesthetic significance as poems, but also win more readers and are widely used. In the previous imperial examinations, emperors of past dynasties chose the number one scholar and often used couplets; In the communication between literati and writers, we should exchange gifts with couplets; Visiting places of interest will also ask impromptu questions. In modern times, with the progress of society and the improvement of people's cultural living standards, couplets are used more widely. In folk festivals, promoting new homes, wedding celebrations or opening, couplets are now used in hotel tea kiosks, college shops, pavilions and pavilions. It is "thousands of families always change new peaches into old ones." Regardless of ancient times or modern times, in our vast countryside, we all like to paste Spring Festival couplets. Spring Festival is coming, and spring is coming. Hanging an eye-catching couplet in the hall or in front of the door is just a different mood.

Couplets are a unique art form, which has a history of thousands of years. In this long development process, it has left us a lot of couplets and anecdotes, which are the soul treasures of our Chinese nation and art worthy of our development. In real life, couplets enrich our cultural life, which is really appealing to all ages in Xian Yi. So: add luster to the people in the garden; There is a strange smell in the lotus garden.