The ancient city of Rome is the capital of ancient Rome, located in Rome, Italy. Named after the legendary city builder romulo. After the Renaissance, western academic circles attached great importance to it, and continued to study, sort out and explore it. Although most of the sites have been buried under the current Roman block, the Roman Square in the center of the site and its surrounding areas have been turned into national parks for tourists to watch. The ancient city of Rome includes seven hills, including palatino, Capitoli and Esculeno, which is called the city of seven hills in history. It is about 6200 meters long from north to south and 3500 meters wide from east to west. The city wall meanders down the river and is built on the mountain. It is irregular as a whole, like a crouching lion.

1, architectural history

Rome is located in the middle of the Mediterranean? On the Latin Plain of Apennine Peninsula. There is a Tiber River on the Latin Plain, and the city of Rome is on the hill on the left bank of the Tiber River, about 100 km from the coast. Agricultural villages were formed in the early iron age. Later, a branch of Latin came here to establish a stronghold. With the development of economy and the increase of population, cities have been established.

It was the 7th century BC, and there were many myths and legends. Romulo was built later. Urban institutions? The Roman state was also formed, which experienced two periods: state and empire.

From 5th century BC to 3rd century BC, Rome was unified by a small city-state? All of Italy. And be conquered? Large areas of the western and eastern Mediterranean, and today? Spain? France? Greece? Syria,? Egypt and? What is the biggest thing in ancient North Africa? Slavery empire.

Until 476 ad? The Roman Empire is over. In the past 1000 years, Rome has been a big city in the Mediterranean, with a population of over one million at its peak, the highest in the ancient world? capital

2, the completion time

201April 13, the British "Daily Telegraph" reported that ancient Rome is known as one of the oldest cities in the world, but its age has just increased by several years.

Archaeologists who excavated the ancient Roman square found the ruins of the city wall in 900 BC. This shows that the "eternal city" (that is, the ancient Roman city-this newspaper note) was built earlier than people expected 100 years ago.

According to Roman mythology, the city of Rome was built by twin brothers romulus and remus in 753 BC. However, this discovery convinced the famous Italian archaeologist that the city might have been built earlier than that 100.

3. Architectural landscape

The ancient city of Rome includes seven hills, namely palatino, Capitoli, EscQuirinus, Viminale, Quirinales, Silio, Caelius and Aventino, which are called seven hills in history. It is about 6200 meters long from north to south and 3500 meters wide from east to west. The city wall meanders down the river and is built on the mountain. It is irregular as a whole, like a crouching lion.

monte palatino

What is the most important location in the center of the ancient city? Rome Square is located in the valley between palatino, Capitoli and Escuelino, and will become the center of residents' meeting after completion. The main venue is about 134 meters long and 63 meters wide. In the last years of national mourning, temples, halls and halls are all around the square. The Senate and? Arc de Triomphe, memorial column, etc. During the imperial period, it was continuously expanded and renovated, and its grandeur ranked first in the whole empire.

From where? Caesar and even emperors of various dynasties continued to build squares named after the emperors in the north and east of Rome Square, the largest of which is Trajan Emperor Square, which is composed of markets, halls, libraries, memorial columns and temples. It has magnificent weather and exquisite architecture, representing the highest level of Roman architecture. Colosseum (see? Colosseum), take it? The amphitheater can accommodate 50,000 spectators and is the largest theater building in ancient times. In addition, there are hundreds of temples, theaters, libraries and temples in the city. Stadium, bathing place, large aqueduct.

Roman palace

The Roman Palace was built on Mount palatino, and later generations used to call it palatino Palace, including a large number of halls, bathrooms and? Racecourse, theatre, etc. These monuments only exist in the ruins, only? The Pantheon is still intact. This is a circular dome temple with a classical colonnade in front. The dome is made of natural concrete, that is, volcanic ash, which is a great creation of Roman architecture in structural technology. Its dome is as high as 43 meters, with similar width, magnificent spirit and tight structure. Europe? Classical architecture has far-reaching influence.

From the 2nd century to the 4th century, Christianity was popular in Rome, but it was not recognized by the government. Therefore, believers dig and build graves in underground rock formations in the suburbs and place the bodies in criss-crossing passages. At present, 43 underground tombs have been discovered, with a total length of 480 kilometers and a total of 600,000-800,000 tombs, which is one of the important monuments in ancient Rome. These tombs contain inscriptions, murals and religious pictures with Christian content, which is of great significance to the study of early Christian history and art.

4. Architectural legend

Like many ancient peoples, the Romans used myths and legends to explain the origin and naming of their cities. It is said that Rome was founded by the twin brothers romulo and Le Mo. They are descendants of Aeneas, a Trojan hero in Greek mythology, and sons of Aphrodite, a beautiful god.

According to legend, after the fall of ancient Troy, Ennias led some defenders to escape. The fugitives' boats drifted in the sea for a long time, and finally the sea breeze blew them to the shore. Exhausted fugitives went ashore and decided to settle here. This is the Latim area on the Tiber River on the east coast of Italy. Aeneas' son founded a city in Latim district, named? The city of Albalonga.

Decades later, Nong Meadow, a descendant of Ennias, ruled the city of Albalon. His younger brother Amulius is a sinister and cruel man. He wants to do it himself? By hook or by crook, the rulers overthrew the regime of Nong Meade and stole it. The cruel Amulius ordered the killing of his nephew and forced his niece Sylvia to become a priestess in Fista, because priests could not get married. Amulius believes that in this way, his brother will have no descendants and no one will retaliate against him.

Soon after, the daughter of the old king who was forced to be a priest, and the god of war? Mars myth gives birth to twins in love. Amulius was very angry and scared when he heard the news. He ordered the immediate killing of his niece and asked a slave girl to throw two babies into the river. The slave girl put her two children in a basket and came to the Tiber River. At this time, the Tiber River is flooding, the flood is rising, and the white waves along the river are soaring into the sky. She didn't dare to go into the water, so she put the basket by the river and turned away.

Unexpectedly, the basket hung on a branch on the shore, and the river didn't take it away. Soon, the river receded and there was a baby crying. At this time, a female wolf who went to the river to drink water heard crying and came over. She sniffed the babies in the basket and fed them with her own milk instead of hurting them. A shepherd saw this? Take the two children home and raise them carefully. He named his two children, one is romulo and the other is Le Mo.

Later, after many inquiries, the shepherd learned the story of the two children, but he kept his mouth shut. Under the careful education of the shepherd, the twin brothers grew up. Because they go out hunting with shepherds every day and exercise to become agile and strong young people, which is extremely powerful.

At this time, the shepherd told the brothers the secret of their life. Hearing this, the two brothers decided to kill Amulius and avenge their mother and uncle. Romulo and Le Mo led the people's uprising in Albalon together, killed the cruel Amulius, found his grandfather who lived in seclusion in the countryside, and returned the political power to him.

After romulo and Le Mo finished these things, they didn't want to stay in Albalon any more. They decided to build a new city where the river receded and survived. When the new town was completed, romulo and Le Mo had a heated debate about whose name to name the new town. In a rage, romulo killed his brother by mistake. Then he quickly dug a moat around the city, became the ruler of the new city, and named the city after himself. According to legend, it happened in 753 BC, and the Romans took this year as their own era.

In the palazzo Museum in Rome, there is a famous statue: a female wolf shows her sharp teeth and looks warily ahead. Under her belly, two baby boys are biting her nipples and sucking. Wolf is a work from 500 to 600 AD. Who are these two babies? Added after the Renaissance.

Although this is? A beautiful legend, but today's Romans still believe that Rome was built by the wisdom and life of romulo brothers, who are descendants of Mars and Aphrodite, and still remember and inherit this spirit and integrity.