Xia Chengtao (1900- 1986), whose real name was Qu Chan, changed to Qu Hu in his later years, posthumous title and Meng. His room names are Moon House, Tianfeng Pavilion, Tang Yulin and Chaoyang House. Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, devoted his life to the research and teaching of Ci, and was the pioneer and founder of modern Ci. His series of classic works are undoubtedly milestones and outstanding cultural and academic achievements in the history of Ci in the 20th century. Hu Qiaomu praised Mr. Xia for many times as a "one-pronoun Sect" and a "master of Ci".

Chinese name: Xia

Alias: Meng

Nationality: China.

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Place of birth: Wenzhou, Zhejiang

Date of birth: 1900 February 10.

Date of death:1May 1986 1 1.

Occupation: poet, master of Ci.

Graduation school: Wenzhou Normal School.

Main achievements: initiated the genealogy of poets.

Representative works: Chronology of Poets in Tang and Song Dynasties, On Poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties, Notes on Chronology of Poetry in Jiang Baishi.

Gender: male

Character overview

14 years old, admitted to Wenzhou Normal School with excellent results. There are many subjects in the school, but he devotes himself to studying ancient books and classics. During his school days, he tried to write poems and lyrics. The sentence "Parrot, parrot, do you know what is said in the dream" in "Like a Dream" won the appreciation of the Chinese teacher, and added a dense circle of Zhu beside the sentence, which gave Mr. Xia great encouragement. After graduating from Wen Normal University, he began his teaching career for sixty years. During this period, he actively participated in the poetry club activities in his hometown, studied poetry with his peers, and discussed the difference between Yin and Yang, which laid the foundation for his lifelong study of Ci. Since 1930, Mr. Xia has successively served as a professor at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Normal University and Hangzhou University, and a special researcher at the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Sciences (later China Academy of Social Sciences). For nearly half a century, Mr. Xia has presided over the lectures on Ci in Southeast China, communicated with domestic ci scholars, and managed Ci with fruitful results, becoming a renowned master of Ci at home and abroad.

The life of the character

Born in February of 1900 and died in May of 1986. 19 18 graduated from Wenzhou Normal School. 65438-0930 transferred from Zhejiang No.9 Middle School (Yanzhou Middle School, Zhejiang Province) to Zhijiang University. He used to be a professor at Zhejiang University. After liberation, he served as a part-time researcher at the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Sciences and director and researcher of the Language and Literature Research Office of Zhejiang Branch of China Academy of Sciences. Editorial board of Literature Research magazine, editor-in-chief of Ci magazine, and consultant of China Tang Literature Society. In May 1986, 1 1, Xia died in Beijing. He used to be a member of the Standing Committee of the Zhejiang Provincial Political Consultative Conference and a director of the Chinese Writers Association. As an outstanding poet, Mr. Xia is not only the summary of traditional Ci-poetry, but also the founder of modern Ci-poetry.

After the age of 20, I went to Hebei, Shanxi in the north and Chang 'an in the west, which broadened my horizons and deepened my experience, and wrote many sad and cynical works. Around the age of 30, I concentrated on writing Ci-poetry monographs such as Chronicle of Poets in Tang and Song Dynasties, On Poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties and Notes on Chronicle of Jiang Baishi's Ci-poetry, but I never gave up reciting. After the age of 30, he specialized in Ci, which played an important role in the development of Ci in China. On the one hand, he inherited the advantages of Ci-poetry in past dynasties, on the other hand, he explored and innovated the traditional Ci-poetry in many aspects, and studied the style, music, method and history of Ci-poetry with a realistic attitude, which greatly expanded the research field of Ci-poetry and made outstanding contributions to the scientific, systematic and theoretical track of Ci-poetry. About 50 years old, while learning ci, he also wrote many fantastic and innovative works.

Among the nearly 10 million-word works that embodies Mr. Xia's lifelong efforts, nearly 30 monographs on Ci have been published, and there are more than 100 papers that have not yet been included. There are still many works to be sorted out and published. These include Chronicle of Poets in Tang and Song Dynasties, On Poems in Tang and Song Dynasties, Notes on Chronicle of Jiang Baishi's Poems, etc. It is a rare masterpiece since the study of Ci. He also wrote many poems, such as Xia Ci Collection, Tianfengge Poetry Collection, and a unique Tianfengge Poetry Diary. Mr. Xia's academic achievements have also been highly praised internationally. 198 1 year later, he served as honorary president of China Rhyme Society and editor-in-chief of Ci.

A brief collection of past events

Teacher Xia teaches in No.9 Middle School from 1927 to 1930. His career is to start from here, create a new style of Ci poetry, make the traditional Ci poetry scientific and systematic, and become a recognized "one pronoun Sect" at home and abroad.

1927 In the second half of the year, Xia found a wealth of books in the library of No.1 Middle School to No.9 Middle School, which made him overjoyed and plunged into the sea of books. He wrote down his joy in his diary: "In the library of normal school, there are 24 volumes of History of Hanfen Building, Three Links of Zhejiang Bureau, Xiao Yuan Series and so on. And borrow twenty or thirty books, such as the treasure of Yanzhou. In the evening, I turned over Sui Shu, Song History and Three Links, and researched Baishi Ci, which was very proud. Sleep at eleven o'clock. " Recalling this past in his later years, he still remembers it vividly: "Every day after class, he gets into the stacks to study. There, I read a lot of notes and novels about the deeds of poets in Tang and Song Dynasties, and often found treasures. "

Xia didn't go to college, but he later went to the forum of the university and became a famous educator, scholar and poet. His knowledge depends entirely on self-study. Summing up his reading experience in his later years, he said, "Stupidity is the capital of my reading." He believes that there is no shortcut to reading, you can't take advantage of it, and you can only succeed if you work hard. He said that the word "stupid" is very interesting. Holding a bamboo book on his head (a book is a string of bamboo slips, an ancient book) is to teach people to study hard. Hard work is the foundation of people, so the word "stupid" was changed from "bamboo" to "Ben". My talent is very low, which is why I am urged to study hard. Since I went to school at the age of seven or eight, I have never left my books for decades except for a serious illness. The most important thing is to read more books. "Read it a thousand times, and its meaning is self-evident."

After discovering the "treasure house" of the library, he wandered freely in the sea of books. Teaching during the day, studying hard at night and holidays, reading widely, and being diligent and eager to learn are beyond the reach of ordinary people. In my diary, there is often a record like this: "My eyes were closed all day." "I'm sitting at my desk, overworked and thirsty." Wait a minute. In case of originality and experience, I will forget the hard work of studying hard: "I'm glad to leave home." The moon is flowing, the court leaves are silent, and it is a few nights. ""The sunny day is full of windows, and I sit around in chaos and enjoy myself. "According to the statistics of the remaining diaries from the second half of 1928 to the end of 1929, during this one and a half years, he read and recorded as many as 368 domestic and foreign books and wrote more than 100 poems.

Later published in the Peking University Yanjing Journal, the famous poem "Bai Shi Ge Xing", "Bian Pi Bian" and the important work "Chronicle of Poets in Tang and Song Dynasties" which established his status as a master of Ci poetry were written within three years of teaching in No.9 Middle School. 1May 1986 1 1 day, died in Beijing due to illness.

Teacher of peaches and plums

19 18 graduated from Wenzhou Normal School. Before liberation, he was a professor at Zhijiang College of Humanities and Sciences in Hangzhou and Zhejiang University. After liberation, he worked as a part-time researcher in the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Sciences, and was the director and researcher of the Language and Literature Research Office (LSSDJTCOM) of Zhejiang Branch of China Academy of Sciences. He used to be a member of the Standing Committee of the Zhejiang Provincial Political Consultative Conference and a director of the Chinese Writers Association.

Known as the "master of Ci", Mr. Xia has been teaching for more than 60 years. Mr. Xia is good at rewarding talents and cultivating underachievers. Peach and plum door wall, Christie's. However, he was "not a teacher" and never claimed to be a teacher. All people born in Xia family are deeply influenced by Xia, and there are many people who can develop independently academically. Mr. Xia is a mentor who trains talents wholeheartedly for the motherland. Foreign scholars who study China's classical poems came to Wan Li for advice. Now his students are all over the world.

Form a school of words

Ci is a professional knowledge separated from poetics, which rose in Song Dynasty and prevailed in Qing Dynasty. Old words are more advanced than textual research on the external form of words and collation of word collections, but they ignore the systematic research on the history and theory of Ci. Therefore, although there are many and rich works of Ci poetry in past dynasties, the research methods are inevitably limited, and it is rare to achieve a comprehensive understanding. After entering the 20th century, the study of Ci has gradually stepped into a scientific, systematic and modern track, and achieved many achievements. Mr. Xia is an outstanding representative of modern ci. He inherited the revival of Ci poetry in the late Qing Dynasty, borrowed scientific research methods and modern concepts, combined with his profound traditional knowledge and solid textual research skills, persevered and tirelessly explored, and made breakthrough achievements in Ci chronology, Ci theory, Ci history, Ci music, Ci rhyme, Ci book collation, etc. with his lifelong efforts, he built a rigorous Ci poetry system that surpassed his predecessors and expanded the territory of Ci poetry research.

Major achievements

The greatest achievement of Mr. Xia's ci study is to create the genealogy of ci writers. Before the 20th century, there was little concern about the poet's life in the field of Ci, and the biographies of poets in historical records and Ci collections were simple and unknown. Miscellaneous books and notes are often misrepresented in different languages, confused with each other, or convey false information without textual research. Therefore, many poets are at a loss about their own life experiences, and many works are therefore obscure and difficult to study. In modern times, Wang Guowei wrote the chronicle of Mr. Muslim, which guided Mr. Muslim's textual research on poets in practice. However, it was Mr. Xia who systematically initiated the genealogy of poets and laid the scientific cornerstone of modern Ci. As early as around the age of 30, Mr. Xia devoted himself to the study of poets. He searched all over the country, carefully researched and argued, and accumulated over the years, forming 10 species 12 biographies of Tang and Song poets. In this way, if the life stories of poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties are linked, they will be clearly identifiable, credible and reliable, and some difficult works will be properly interpreted. After the publication of Ten Chronicles, it caused great repercussions in academic circles. Mr. Zhao Baixin praised "ten kinds of parallelism, which can represent a history of ci"; Mr. Tang Guizhang praised it as an "unprecedented work"; Professor Shimizu, a Japanese scholar, wrote: "It must be one of the important reference books for studying words today."

In addition to The Poet's Chronicle, Mr. Xia has also made extensive explorations in the field of Ci, and achieved comprehensive research results. His Poems of the Tang and Song Dynasties, Poems of the Moon Mountain, Notes on the Chronology of Jiang Baishi's Poems, Notes on Longchuan's Poems and Essays on Ci Poetry are all excellent classics. In the study of rhyme, music and spectrum, Mr. Xia devoted himself to hard work, and his works on the rhythm of Tang and Song Ci were profound and unique. In the collation of Ci-poetry, Mr. Xia has made great achievements in the collation of Baishi, Longchuan, Dream Window, Weng Fang Ci-poetry and etymology. In particular, Baishi Ci is exquisitely collated, well-documented and rich in retrieval. Nobody can beat it. The academic circles promoted it as a "small encyclopedia of white stone acoustics research", which is really not a hollow name. In terms of ci criticism, Mr. Xia not only absorbed the essence of the old ci theory, but also broke through its limitations. "Anger and resentment" made a thorough exposition, pointing out the development direction of modern ci theory. His summary of the development and expression of Tang and Song Ci is comprehensive and accurate. The critical analysis of Yi 'an, Baishi, Jiaxuan, Longchuan and Weng Fang is unique and outdated.

Mr. Xia also confirmed and enriched his own theory of Ci with his excellent poetry creation. As a rare collection of contemporary ci, the pre-and post-editing of Tianfengge Ci embodies the unique personality and characteristics of the times.

Mr. Xia's contribution to the construction of contemporary Ci poetry in China is quite outstanding. Mr. Wang has made unique achievements in the textual research, exposition and creation of Ci-poetry, compared with predecessors, critics and peers:

In the textual research of Ci, Mr. Wang is the backbone of Zunti School. He not only inherited the unfinished business of his predecessors, but also supplemented and developed it. In particular, the examination of genealogy is fruitful. If Wang, Zhu Xiaozang are the founders of China Ci School, then Mr. Wang is the founder of Ci. In addition, Mr. Wang will also promote the examination and revision of Ci poetry and Ci poetry. His "meticulous analysis of the rhythm of Tang and Song Ci is unprecedented", and his induction of ci examples will open countless methods for later generations. Mr. Wang's unique contribution to the study of Ci will play an inestimable role in the construction of Ci in China.

In the discussion of Ci, Mr. Wang is good at reflecting some achievements of textual research of Ci into the study of writers' works, which not only gives Mr. Wang an advantage over the times, but also provides reference for people in the stage of reflection and exploration to think about their thinking modes and research methods. His unique achievement has certain overtime value.

In the creation of ci, Mr. Wang is not limited to respecting the style, but eclectic and innovative. In other words, he not only "mistakenly combined Jiaxuan, Baishi, Yishan and Bishan into one family", but also "wanted to combine Tang poetry and Song poetry into one family", 48. At this point, Mr. Wang Can can be called the "leftist" in the school of respecting the body. Therefore, in the contemporary ci world, Mr. Qu's ci is beyond the reach of ordinary writers.

The above three aspects are not only the new contents that Mr. Wang added to the development of China's Ci, but also his true biography. Of course, after more than 60 years of hard work, Mr. Wang failed to complete all his work. This is the so-called unfinished business, which needs further inheritance and development by future generations. However, as a "pronoun Sect", Mr. Xia's name will always be associated with contemporary Ci studies in China.

Catalogue of works

Chronology of Tang and Song Poets Shanghai Classical Literature Publishing House 1955

On Poetry of Tang and Song Dynasties Shanghai Classical Literature Publishing House 1956, Zhonghua Book Company 1962.

Notes 1958 in Chronology of Jiang Baishi's Ci by Zhonghua Book Company.

Selected Poems of Baishi by Jiang Kui, edited by Xia, People's Literature Publishing House 1959.

Etymological annotation, edited by Zhang Yan, proofread by Xia, People's Literature Publishing House 1963 198 1 year.

Shan Lun's Ci Collection by Zhonghua Book Company 1979

Qu Youci +0979 by Zhonghua Book Company.

Appreciation of Tang and Song Ci: Tianjin Baihua Literature and Art Publishing House 1980

Reading knowledge of Zhonghua Book Company +098 1 year.

Collection of Xia Ci Poems Changsha Hunan People's Publishing House 198 1 year

Selected foreign words, Xia, Bibliographic Literature Publishing House, 198 1 year.

Lu You's Annotation on Chronology of Song Dynasty, Annotations by Xia and Wu, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 198 1 year.

Selected Poems of Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties People's Literature Publishing House 1983

A Collation of Jiang Kui's Ci (Song) with Xia Wu's Notes, Guangdong People's Publishing House 1983.

Poems of Tianfengge by Xia Hewu, Hangzhou Zhejiang Literature and Art Publishing House 1984.

Tianfengge Xueci Diary Hangzhou Zhejiang Ancient Books Publishing House 1984

Xia Wen Ji (8 volumes) Hangzhou Zhejiang Ancient Books Publishing House Zhejiang Education Publishing House

Xin Qiji and Selected Works Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1998

From 1979 to 1984, Xia's works were reprinted in one edition, with more than ten kinds in * * *. Among them are Qu You's Ci, Selected Poems of Yueshan, Tian Fengge's Diary of Learning Ci, Appreciation of Poems in Tang and Song Dynasties, Selected Poems from Abroad, Selected Poems of Jin Zhi Ming and Qing Dynasties, Notes on Wei Zhuang's Ci, Notes on Weng Fang's Ci, Notes on Jiang Baishi's Ci, Xia Chengtao and so on. The emergence of a large number of works by Mr. Wang adds luster to the construction of Ci poetry at this stage.

Ci anthology

Serenade of Peaceful Joy/ Lyrics to the Joy of Peace and Tranquillity

Hong Men Road Middle (192 1 year)

Pointing at the west with a whip is full of ups and downs. A group of businessmen raised their voices outside, and there were soldiers' voices. Ten feet of dust on the horse's head, countless flowers in the south of the Yangtze River. Wild geese have no complaints, and they fall into the world every year.

Quail day

Blocking troops in Zhengzhou (1925)

Drum horn Yancheng comes to the diaphragm at night, and the eyebrows of the building bend away from the moon. Dream and Soul Dangerous Road _ Yuanqu, vegetation and army sound cold mountain. It's easier to die than to live. Who can endure tears and ask the disabled? Before the paper ash swept through the art of war, there were bursts of sadness around Guguan.

Magpie fairy

Zhongze, Guo Jie County, Huang Huai (1925)

Meibianshan store, pillow corner, yesterday's dream met wonderfully. Jiuyuan Shuangjing came one after another, as well as Ma Tou and Huang Yue. Gaotang lamp, childhood sound, can imitate cuckoo crow ape pharynx. Before the wind, ask who is cold and covered in residual snow.

Langtaosha

Seven miles later (1927)

Vientiane hangs empty and bright, and autumn wants three nights. A short tent dreams of crossing the river. Unfortunately, there is no iron flute on the ground. Who will listen to Chang Geng and Gao Yong after a glass of wine? Become the leader of the river. A goose doesn't fly, the clock doesn't move, only the sound of the beach.

The Moon on the Yangtze River

(1autumn of 928)

1928 Autumn, Yu Yu founded the school in Jiandezi People's Square. From Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, he was an old official. I occasionally read a cloud in "Return to the Heart and Miscellaneous Knowledge", "My eldest son was born in Shaoding for four years and was born in Xianzhai in his thirties", but I know that it is the birthplace of Cao Zhou Window. Yu Fang got this surprise when he wrote Chronicle of Poets. Sitting on the moon in the cool dusk, that is, using the rhyme of "Pingzhou Fishing Flute Spectrum Mid-Autumn Festival to the Moon", has been 696 years since the birth of Caochuang.

What is the word fairy? Call a cloud to ask about the cave news. A pool of silver stars, I dreamed of the traces of businessmen. Before Song Yu died, Ziyun was behind him. Jiangshan is like this, who is autumn with? Here, underground words flow, making the old people alive, singing high and silent. I want to pat the mountains and rivers on my back, and I want to play the flute with gentlemen. Liaohe returned late, Jiangcheng was cold early, and the distant phase caressed and robbed. When the ancients saw it, Haitian was so surprised that he vomited.

Serenade of Peaceful Joy/ Lyrics to the Joy of Peace and Tranquillity

It snowed heavily in Yanzhou. I got up early and traveled all over the city. (1spring of 929)

It's easy for me to send me to Ling Ran. Suddenly, I was surprised that this poem was nowhere to be found. There were several peaks in the sky. Running cold around Jiangcheng, stepping on thousands of acres of Qiongying. Tomorrow, tall buildings will lie steady, and good mountains will make you shine.

Qin E's memory

Yanzhou West Lake (1spring of 929)

The long embankment is curved, the east wind is gradually dispersed, and the spring is full. Spring is green, a stream of willow shadows, a cloudy city. In the late cold, I suddenly felt that my spring shirt was thin, and I cried and let go of my peach blossoms. Peach blossoms fall, the setting sun soaks, and the lake is cold and blue.

Serenade of Peaceful Joy/ Lyrics to the Joy of Peace and Tranquillity

Tonglu (1spring of 929)

It was windy and smoky, and it was sunny at first. The riverside is drunk, and people flow eastward like running water. The rivers and lakes are far away, and the lights are high in the dream. There is only one red apricot, and it is inevitable that it will be sad in spring.

Bu operator

Listening to the rain in Yanzhou (1summer of 929)

How many times I crossed the river clouds and heard the sound of withered cattails. One night, the boat lives alone, and the autumn tide rises. Cool to the pillow, autumn in the heart. Look at the smoke from the kitchen before the wind sets and test the ups and downs of sadness.

Quail day

Returning from Hangzhou to Yanling and sitting in the rain (1autumn of 929)

In the five dramas, the car dust is forgotten, and the rain settles down. It is difficult for a guest to be sensitive to light, and it is difficult to find a way in a dream. The piano is wrapped around the sofa and she is singing in the gallery. Two or three bamboo poles make autumn cool. Ba Long Yandang's hometown mountain is good, but * * * gulls love water town.

Nangezi

Yanzhou Daozhong (1929)

What about the fishermen? Flying seagulls are the most leisurely. After two years of watching East Zhejiang Mountain, I always laugh when I go to West Taiwan, but I forget to return it. Live up to the promise of the floating family, still surprised and thin. It has nothing to do with the death of going from south to north, and has taken six bridges and crossed Yantan.

Bodhisattva-level people

( 1929)

Dongfeng has just been awakened by yangsi, and leisure is at a low angle. I didn't know it was spring, but the village girl was laughing. Eden can avoid the world, love leisure and taste. The city is full of music, with many books and windows.

popular song

( 1993 _).

Painter Hu collected Gu Liangfen's books, and presented the Wu Han tea poem "Jin Lu Qu" inscribed by Xie Yucen.

Cold and towering. In those days, he Liang was in tears and still wet. It's harder than saving a moth's eyebrows. The ink line is much more inclined, and the gods are going to cry. What kind of human feelings are there? Look at each other for a long time and take a deep breath. Ask with wine, and take care of the Chinese. Survived several times. You can't read Su Qing and Yan Shu, but Aconitum can't be white. What do you know about your head? Let Ruyu pass. Heaven and poetry are in harmony. The pavilion in Lushui sings to the ground, thanking the old friend and kneeling gently. Dongge wine, swallow flute.

coffee senna

Buildings named after the moon (1933 _)

Qinshan is good, take water around Bitang. The sky in A Qiu is vast, and even the tides of the moon are boundless. There is silver hanging in the window.

Qinshan is good, flying scenery overlooks the west. The sea is still alive at night, and ichthyosaurs come to vomit half a lantern. People are on high places.

Qinshan is good, facing the river window. A thousand-mile sail is too low, and the thirteen-story tower sets the sun. Poetry is longer than Jiang.

Qinshan is good, and Kowloon Ring is green. Living in learning Chinese characters through screen display, the double Buddha bag is Nanshan. I like the railings in the east.

Qinshan is good and loves to find poems. The starlight outside the flowers, the rain at the door of the cloud and the coolness of Luo Zhi are thin.

Qinshan is good, listen to thunder. There is no Luo Cha stone left in the remnant team, and the tide is coming to Zilingtai. Autumn rain is coming.

Qinshan is good at singing and writing clouds and blue. Who plays the flute with Chou-heung, wears a pale moon apricot yellow shirt and sings I see Jiangnan?