1, directional topic selection

Before literature collection, we should initially determine the general research direction, and pay attention to the principles of scientificity, cutting-edge, professionalism, feasibility and applicability when determining the research topic. Then collect the research direction, read, summarize and sort out these references and materials, and select representative papers with important value for intensive reading. After mastering the latest research results in this field, determine specific literature review topics to avoid doing some repetitive work.

Step 2 collect literature

Literature collection should be based on articles published in mainstream journals in the research field, which are usually the most representative documents after strict textual research and repeated scrutiny. It is suggested to start from the following aspects:

(1) Select several classic works in the research field, and then look back at the references of these papers, and a series of high-quality papers can be found by the method of "tracing";

(2) Using retrieval methods, we can find documents on document search websites that cover all fields and have more document resources, such as document download devices. Rank the citation of search results and download papers with high learning impact factors;

(3) Make full use of the resources of the school library, which is the most abundant place for storing books and documents in colleges and universities.

3, sorting out the literature

First of all, we should read the literature, make a preliminary screening of a large number of literature, and determine whether to skim or intensive reading. Skimming aims at some key contents that are related to the research topic but only need to read this kind of literature. Intensive reading literature is selected from extensive reading literature, so it is necessary to read the literature critically, understand the important information such as charts, illustrations, rules and conclusions in the article, and take notes on the literature.

Secondly, we should sort out and classify the literature. According to the different results, conclusions and main viewpoints of consulting literatures, similar literatures are classified and stored together around these themes to systematize knowledge.

Finally, it is necessary to list a framework for writing literature review. According to the classified data, list the outline and title, and put these data under different titles to ensure the consistency of the title and content, and at the same time ensure the logic of the whole framework, so that the ideas are clear from beginning to end.

Step 4 form an opinion

Before writing a literature review, the author should fully grasp the knowledge and literature in this field and form his own understanding and views. Never write a literature review when your understanding of the problem is not mature. When the author has formed his own understanding and views, and has some original opinions, he can comprehensively quote, summarize, analyze and discuss the existing literature, guide readers to understand this field, deepen their understanding, summarize the existing conclusions and knowledge, and point out valuable research directions and scientific problems that need to be solved urgently, thus promoting the further development of this field.

Second, the content and requirements of literature review

Literature review usually consists of five parts: abstract, introduction, text, conclusion and references.

It requires independence and self-sufficiency, that is, the abstract should contain the content of the text, but the full text should be summarized, and the work done in the article should be highly summarized in the shortest sentence. Usually 200-300 words are required, and formulas, charts and oral statements are not allowed to appear to avoid unprofessional words and data. It is also necessary to summarize 3 ~ 5 keywords, which should be in professional terms, highlight the key points and highlights of the article, and facilitate document retrieval.

The introduction explains the background, purpose and significance of literature review, introduces the achievements of this research and the focus of discussion at present, so as to give readers a general impression and get a preliminary understanding of what the author wants to express. The introduction should be written in the following aspects:

(1) Point out the history, present situation and trend of published papers on research topics, describe relevant basic concepts, define research fields and clearly summarize the scope.

(2) Explain the current situation of related issues, grasp the main points of the main debate, and lead to the main line of summary.

(3) Highlight the purpose of writing and draw out the text.

The text is the main part of the article. According to the arguments put forward in the introduction, based on the collected literature, through the analysis of the problem, this paper compares the different viewpoints and theoretical basis put forward by different scholars on the same research object, reasonably analyzes the essence of the problem, clarifies their own views, and then solves the problem. There is no fixed format for written text, and the following methods can be combined:

(1) sequential method. According to the order of literature publication or the development trend, viewpoint, conclusion and technical means of things.

(2) Model Law. According to the different research problems, the discussion is classified from the perspective of each problem.

(3) classification. Divide different aspects of the review topic. For example, the literature review of the same subject can be based on national boundaries, and domestic and foreign references can be elaborated separately or written according to different topics. (4) Contrast method. Evaluate and analyze different viewpoints or conclusions in the literature, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of two or more.

(5) induction. Summarize the collected literature systematically, and analyze the phenomenon and essence of the research object with a well-founded point of view.

At the end of the paper, a brief summary is made, which mainly points out the theme and main points of the article. At the same time, we should have our own opinions and thoughts on these viewpoints and conclusions, make clear which viewpoints are mature, relatively correct and reliable, and then put forward the future development trend of this research topic, and which problems deserve further study and discussion.

References are usually located at the end of the article. Reference is very important for writing literature review, and the citation quality of a good literature review is relatively high. There are also certain requirements for the writing of literature review. There are mainly the following aspects to pay attention to:

(1) Literature collection should be as comprehensive as possible, but we should also learn to choose. The premise of writing a good literature review is that a large number of documents are needed, but not all the documents you have read, but only the original materials that help the article form an argument.

(2) Literature review is not a "database", nor is it a simple listing and introduction of existing literature, nor can it be copied and pasted in large sections. Instead, the author is required to critically analyze and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of previous research viewpoints and show the author's "insights".

(3) The cited references are representative, reliable and scientific, so we must quote the classic literature of the research topic. At the same time, there may be many documents expressing the same views, so it is necessary to find the most representative high-quality papers in these documents.

(4) The contents of the cited document should be faithful to the document itself. Express the author's ideas and the contents of literary works realistically, and don't tamper with the author's original intention at will. We should be comprehensive, accurate and objective, use first-hand documents to make arguments and arguments, and avoid quoting others' analysis and evaluation of the original paper.

(5) The arrangement of documents should be coherent and clear, and the contents cannot be pieced together. The analysis of different viewpoints should be fair and just, and one viewpoint or view should not be partial. Imagine yourself as a "judge", analyze the pros and cons, and give your own conclusions.

(6) Avoid using the contents of other people's documents without proper permission. This is mainly aimed at the charts and other contents in some documents, and it is necessary to indicate the source of the document in the title of the chart.

(7) For the sentences from the source, even if they can't be restated in better sentences, we should organize the language to write an argument and use quotations or quotations to support this argument.