James is the only son of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, and her second husband, Lord henry stuart Darnley (although some modern historians suspect that he may be the son of james hepburn, the third husband). Five months after birth, my father died and my mother was expelled from Scotland and exiled to England. 1567, Scottish nobles deposed Mary Stuart, James was made king, called Zhan Mu VI, and several big noble came to power. 1583, James VI was in charge. 1587, his mother Mary was executed for participating in a plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I. In the same year, James married Princess Anne, the daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark. 1603, Queen Elizabeth I appointed James as the heir and died. So James also served as the king of England, known as James I. James I didn't understand the British Parliament, looked down on the lower house of Parliament, and advocated the divine right of monarchy. 16 1 1 year, the parliament was dissolved for the first time. In the past 18 years of power, Bonnie Prince Charlie and george villiers, Duke of Buckingham, manipulated everything. James I, who lost his judgment, was excluded.

Among many minions, george villiers, the most favored by James I, won the title of Duke of Buckingham. Historical documents at that time clearly recorded the feelings between James I and the Duke of Buckingham and his former favorite Sir robert carr: "Now, there is no reason to explain why they became the king's choice except their handsomeness. Your majesty's strong love may indicate that he has mistaken each other's gender and mistook them for women. No wonder Sir Somerset and the Duke of Buckingham dressed up as women so deliberately. Although their every move seems enchanting, their achievements in imitating women have reached the point where words cannot describe them. " 1625, James I died.

Positive evaluation

Although traditional historiography described James I as fatuous, arrogant, persecuting Puritans and British constitutional system, and a stupid monarch, in the middle of the 20th century, western historians began to think that James I had made achievements in maintaining domestic stability and international relations. In James I's time, the British Isles, which were unified by his ancestry, did not actually have unified social conditions. England, Scotland and Ireland are highly divided and antagonistic in terms of nationality, culture and religion: the aristocratic Presbyterian Church in Scotland and the English Parliament are constantly in conflict for their respective political advantages, trying to dominate each other and change each other's political system, while Ireland's high devotion to the Roman Catholic Church makes it incompatible with the mainstream national church and Protestant thought in England. These internal contradictions occurred during the tenure of Charles, the son of James I. On the other hand, although James I appeared incompetent and inactive in domestic affairs, he skillfully kept the opposition among the three places under mutual tolerance and balance. James used to take a respectful attitude in controversial personnel appointments (mainly appointing political and religious leaders from Scotland and Ireland from England), and the rebound caused by several bold appointments was mostly solved by James' concessions. Although James I could not solve the strong opposition within the kingdom, he was able to maintain stability for more than 20 years.

Except for several absurd (and disastrous) landings planned by Duke Buckingham in the past few years, James I's diplomacy followed a peaceful policy of staying put-as long as he thought that Europe at that time was in turmoil because of the Dutch War and the Thirty Years War, James's peaceful governance of the world became inconceivable. In fact, at that time, the king and prime minister of Europe, who were afraid of chaos in the world, tried many times to induce Britain to participate in the European war, but James I refused. Why did James I refuse to take part in the European war? The courtiers who thought he was peace-loving praised him as "Solomon of England" and the European diplomats who thought he was timid called him "the smartest fool in Europe" semi-ironically, but it is an indisputable fact that British society has become rich because it has avoided the harm of war.

Although all the documents at that time recorded James I's rude words and deeds and extravagant hobbies, he was also a learned man. It is said that when he visited the Oxford University Library, he looked at the rich collection of books in the library and sighed, "If I were not the king, I would like to be a prisoner here." In fact, James is probably the most read person in contemporary Europe. It is precisely because of this that James left his greatest achievement (unexpectedly)-ordering the compilation of the English version of the Bible (known as the King James Bible in history). English has become a truly universal reading and writing language with this book that has really penetrated into all walks of life in Britain, and it is also the basis for English to become the most common language in the world today. Its contribution can be compared with Shakespeare's plays, or even greater.