Chapter I Molecular Composition of Cells

First, the requirements of curriculum standards

1. Summarize the structure and function of protein.

2. Briefly describe the structure and function of nucleic acid.

3. Summarize the types and functions of sugar.

4. Illustrate the types and functions of lipids with examples.

5. It shows that biological macromolecules have a carbon chain as the skeleton.

6. Tell the role of water and inorganic salts.

Section 1 molecules and ions

1. Name the main elements that make up a cell.

2. Recognize the materiality of life and explain the unity and difference between the biological world and the non-biological world.

Section 2 Inorganic substances

1. Tell the role of water in cells.

2. The existing forms and physiological functions of inorganic salts in cells are summarized.

3. Learning modeling methods

Section 3 Organic Compounds and Biological Macromolecules

1. Summarize the types and functions of sugars and tell the basis of classification.

2. Illustrate the types and functions of lipids with examples, and use scientific classification methods.

3. Summarize protein's structure and function, explain the relationship between protein's molecular structure diversity and functional complexity, and form the viewpoint of unity of things.

4. Name the types and functions of nucleic acids.

5. Recognize that protein is the main undertaker of life activities, and further establish the viewpoint of materiality of life.

6. Through the detection experiment of fat, sugar and protein in biological tissues, learn the skills of making freehand slices and using high magnification mirrors, verify the materiality of life, and form a scientific attitude of paying attention to evidence and seeking truth from facts.

Development requirements (college entrance examination requirements) explain the relationship between amino acids, peptides and protein.

Chapter II Cell Structure

First, the requirements of curriculum standards

1. The process of establishing analytical cell theory

2. Observe all kinds of cells with a microscope.

3. Briefly describe the structure and function of cell membrane system.

4. Illustrate the structure and function of several organelles, and observe mitochondria and chloroplasts.

5. Clarify the structure and function of the nucleus.

6. Try to establish a eukaryotic cell model.

Section 1 Battery Overview

1. Briefly describe the basic viewpoints of Cytology Society, agree that the establishment of cytology is a process of continuous inheritance, development, revision and development, correctly understand the role of technological progress in scientific development, and gradually develop the thinking quality of scientific inquiry.

2. Give examples to illustrate the size, number and type of cells.

3. Observe several kinds of cells with high magnification, objectively describe the observed phenomena, compare and analyze the similarities and differences of different cells, clearly express the observed phenomena and results in words, charts and other ways, and summarize the methods, steps and matters needing attention in using high magnification.

Development demand: the process of establishing analytical cell theory

Cell membrane and cell wall in the second quarter

1. Summarize the basic content of "fluid mosaic model" of cell membrane, and realize that establishing the model is one of the scientific methods to solve the problem.

2. Give an example of selective permeability of cell membrane.

3. Tell the physiological function of membrane components.

4. Tell the composition and physiological function of plant cell wall.

5. Activity "Verify the selectivity of substances absorbed by cells", and skillfully apply the control method to the design of inquiry experiments.

Cytoplasm in the third section

1. Identify the morphology of several organelles.

2. Tell the structure and function of several organelles, and establish a biological dialectical view of compatibility of biological structure and function.

3. Tell the function of cytoplasm

4. Activity: "Observe chloroplasts". Make temporary films of biomaterials to observe chloroplasts, learn general biological mapping skills, use scientific methods of indirect observation, correctly express observed phenomena, and write experimental reports with standardized formats.

Development requirements: Briefly describe the coordination of organelles.

Section 4 Cell nucleus

1. Summarize the structure and function of the nucleus, agree that the nucleus is the control center of the cell life system, and establish the dialectical view that the structure and function of organisms, parts and whole, diversity and homosexuality are unified.

2. Compare the cell structure of animals and plants, learn to clearly explain the cell structure with model method, and learn to comprehensively use scientific thinking methods such as comparison, analysis, induction and synthesis.

Section 5 Prokaryotic cells

1. Explain the similarities and differences between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells, and form the viewpoint of biological evolution.

Chapter III Cell Metabolism

First, the requirements of curriculum standards

1. Explain how substances enter and leave cells.

2. Explain the role of enzymes in metabolism.

3. Explain the role of ATP in energy metabolism.

4. Explain photosynthesis and its understanding process.

5. Study the environmental factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.

6. Explain cell respiration and discuss the application of its principle.

Section 1 Cells and Energy

1. For example, all kinds of energy forms occurring in organisms or cells can be transformed into each other, and the dialectical materialism view that the process of life activities is not isolated but organically linked is recognized.

2. Give examples of energy absorption and energy release reactions in cells.

3. Briefly describe the chemical composition and characteristics of ATP

4. Write the simple molecular formula of ATP.

Development requirements: Explain the role of ATP in energy metabolism.

The second section of the material in and out of the cell.

1. Talk about the infiltration process.

2. Explain the causes of dehydration of red blood cells.

3. Activity: "Observe the separation and recovery of the cytoplasmic wall of onion epidermis". Can eliminate the interference of various irrelevant factors in observation, be good at finding problems and actively participating in discussions and exploring new knowledge, can think, analyze and explain observed phenomena from different angles, and establish a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts.

4. Explain the separation and recovery of plant cytoplasm wall.

5. Talk about infiltration, passive transportation and active transshipment.

6. Describe the process of cell "endocytosis" and "exocytosis"

Development requirements: Understand the significance of studying the trans-membrane transport of substances in connection with real life.

Section III Enzymes

1. Briefly describe the concept of enzyme.

2. Describe the process of enzyme discovery, and agree that, like the process of enzyme discovery, science advances through constant observation, experiment, exploration and debate.

3. Explain the function, essence and characteristics of enzymes in cell metabolism, and feel the complexity of life activities.

4. Illustrate the specificity and high efficiency of enzyme with examples, and gradually form the ability to explain practical problems in daily life by using the learned knowledge.

5. Activity: Explore the specificity of the enzyme. Learn to define the important variables in the hypothesis, design a feasible experimental scheme under the guidance of the teacher, make a simple evaluation of the process and results of the inquiry, and write a standardized inquiry report.

6. Activity: Explore the effect of pH on H2O2 enzyme. Learn to manipulate and control independent variables, limit and control irrelevant variables, observe and measure dependent variables according to experimental purposes, and have a strong sense of controlling variables. A feasible experimental scheme that can cooperate with classmates.

7. The catalysis of analytical enzymes is influenced by many factors.

Development requirements: carry out relevant experiments and explorations, learn to control independent variables, observe and detect the changes of dependent variables, set up control groups, and repeat experiments.

Section 4 Cell Breathing

1. Summarize the concepts, reaction formulas and processes of aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration, and realize the unification of the changes of matter, energy and information in living cells.

2. Illustrate the application of cell respiration in practice, pay attention to the relationship between cell respiration and production and life, agree with the promotion of science to the technological society, and establish the viewpoint that science and technology are the primary productive forces.

Development requirements: Compare the similarities and differences between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.

Section 5 Photosynthesis

1. Distinguish between autotrophic and heterotrophs.

2. Explain the concept, reaction types, stages, places and products of photosynthesis, and agree that assimilation plays a role in alienation, photosynthesis plays a role in respiration, and energy metabolism and substance metabolism are dialectical opposites and unity.

3. Name the types, colors and absorption spectra of pigments.

4. Summarize the process of photoreaction and the function of optical system.

5. Summarize the process of carbon reaction

6. Activity: "Extraction and separation of photosynthetic pigments". Can scientifically analyze, judge and reason the phenomena observed in the experiment, and can introduce the methods and results of inquiry with accurate terms and charts.

7. Activity: "Explore the influence of environmental factors on photosynthesis". Learn to ask questions, construct hypotheses, define operability, control variables, data interpretation and other general scientific inquiry methods, and be able to independently design single-factor controlled experimental schemes.

Development requirements:

1. Distinguish the absorption spectra of chlorophyll and carotenoids.

2. Analyze the influence of external factors on photosynthetic rate.

3. Compare the similarities and differences between cell respiration and photosynthesis.

4. Explain the basic process of scientific inquiry, put forward questions worth exploring, establish reasonable assumptions, and understand the scientific thinking process of asking questions, finding facts, capturing information, demonstrating and explaining.

Chapter IV Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

First, the requirements of curriculum standards

1. Briefly describe the periodicity of cell growth and proliferation.

2. Describe the amitosis of cells

3. Observe cell mitosis and summarize its process.

4. Explain the differentiation of cells

5. Illustrate the totipotency of cells with examples

6. Explore the relationship between cell aging and apoptosis and human health.

7. Describe the main characteristics of cancer cells and discuss the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors.

Section 1 Cell proliferation

1. Briefly describe the cell cycle

2. Summarize the process of cell mitosis, and distinguish the mitotic pictures of cells in different periods.

3. Through the experiments of "observing cell mitosis" and "making and observing the temporary membrane of plant cell mitosis", we can enhance the ability of reading and drawing pictures, summarize the similarities and differences of cell mitosis pictures in different periods, recognize the fluidity of life, and form a materialist dialectical view of things changing from quantitative to qualitative in the development process.

Development requirements:

1. Summarize the changes of chromosome number and DNA number during mitosis.

2. Draw the cell map of each period.

Cell differentiation in the second quarter

1. Illustrate the concept and biological significance of cell differentiation with examples.

2. Name the main features of cancer cells.

3. Illustrate the totipotency of cells with examples

4. Give examples to illustrate the types, characteristics and applications of stem cells.

5. Explain the causes of cell canceration, care for the important value of life, and establish a positive attitude and healthy lifestyle.

6. Explore the relationship between cell aging and apoptosis and human health, pay attention to human health issues, understand the importance of good living habits to physical health, and establish a dialectical materialist view that internal and external factors affect life activities.

Development requirements:

1. We can collect information about the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors through public information resources (such as libraries, reading rooms, science and technology museums, museums, exhibition halls, radio, television and the Internet, etc.). ), learn to identify, select, use and share information, and form the consciousness and ability to evaluate the scientific nature of relevant information.

2. Try to write some small scientific papers.

Section 3 Cell senescence and apoptosis

1. Describe the characteristics of cell senescence.

2. Cell senescence and apoptosis are normal phenomena in cell life activities, forming a scientific outlook on life that cherishes life and pays attention to health.