Country name

Kingdom of Thailand. Thailand is a country in Southeast Asia, bordering Laos and Cambodia in the east, the Gulf of Siam and Malaysia in the south, Myanmar and the Andaman Sea in the west. Before 1949 May 1 1, the name of Thailand was Siam.

national flag

It is rectangular, and its length-width ratio is 3: 2. It consists of five horizontal rectangles with red, white and blue colors arranged in parallel. The top and bottom are red, the middle is blue, and the blue top and bottom are white. The width of blue is equal to the width of two red or two white rectangles. Red represents the nation and symbolizes the strength and dedication of people of all ethnic groups. Thailand regards Buddhism as the state religion, and white represents religion and symbolizes the purity of religion. Thailand is a constitutional monarchy, the king is supreme, and blue represents the royal family. The blue center symbolizes the royal family between people of all ethnic groups and pure religion.

national emblem

The national emblem of Thailand is a totem pattern full of religious mystery. Crimson Dapeng is an eagle-faced god in Thai folklore.

national flower

Rice flower (Gramineae)

language

Thai is the official language of Thailand. It belongs to the Dong-Tai language family of Zhuang-Dong language family. Thai is an analytical language, and different tones can distinguish vocabulary and grammar.

Thai and Taiwanese

Thai and Taiwanese are all translated from English Thai. Thai in English can refer to a language or a group of languages. Generally speaking, articles written in Chinese should be written in Thai when expressing a language, and in Taiwanese when expressing a group of languages including Thai.

money

Thai baht symbol: THB

religion

Buddhism is the state religion with 95% followers, followed by Islam with 3.8%, Christianity with 0.5% and others with 0.7%.

zone

5 13, 1 15 km2 (50th in the world).

Human population

Total population: 6544437 1 (world 19)

Population density: 127/km2 (59th in the world).

nation

There are more than 30 nationalities in China. The main ethnic group is Thai, accounting for 40% of the total population, and the rest are Laos, Chinese, Malays, Khmer, Miao, Yao, Guangxi, Brunei, Karen, Shan, Semang and Shagai. Thai is the national language. 94% of the residents believe in Buddhism, Malays believe in Islam, and a few people believe in Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism and Sikhism.

capital

The registered population of Bangkok is 5.84 million (65438+February 2006).

head of the state

King Rama IX of bhumibol adulyadej. 1946 ascended the throne on June 9th, and 1950 was crowned on May 5th.

International telephone code

66

International domain abbreviation

Thailand (Thailand)

Government system

According to the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, the Kingdom of Thailand is a democratic country with the king as the head of state.

Important festival

Songkran Festival (April 13 to 15 in Gregorian calendar); Loi krathong (Thai calendar1February 15); National Day (King's birthday, Gregorian calendar1February 5th).

brief introduction

Located in the south-central part of Indochina Peninsula. It borders Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Malaysia, borders the Gulf of Thailand (Pacific Ocean) in the southeast and the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) in the southwest. Tropical monsoon climate. The whole year is divided into three seasons: hot, rainy and cool. The annual average temperature is 24 ~ 30℃.

1238 began to form a relatively unified country. It experienced Sukhothai Dynasty, Dacheng Dynasty, Wuli Dynasty and Bangkok Dynasty. Formerly known as Siam. /kloc-In the 6th century, colonialists such as Portugal, Holland, Britain and France invaded successively. 1896, Britain and France signed a treaty stipulating that Siam is the buffer state between British Burma and French Indian zhina. Siam became the only country in Southeast Asia that was not colonized. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, King Rama IV began to open to the outside world. King V used western experience for reference to carry out social reform. 1In June, 932, during the reign of King Rama VII, the People's Party staged a coup, changing the absolute monarchy into a constitutional monarchy. 1939 was renamed Thailand. After several changes, 1949 was officially named Thailand.

The time difference with Beijing is 7 hours earlier than GMT; Later than Beijing time 1 hour

geography

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Most borders are low mountains and plateaus. The terrain is changeable and can be divided into four parts: west, middle, east and south.

The western part of Thailand is a mountainous area, which is an extension of the Himalayas. Tantalaung Mountain is the main one and has been moving from north to south. Mount Tanan in Chiang Mai (2576 meters above sea level) is the highest peak in Thailand.

The northeast is the Nakhon Ratchasima Plateau, which is extremely dry in summer and muddy in rainy season, and is not suitable for farming. In the middle is Zhaopina River (Zhaopina River) plain. From Bangkok to the north, the terrain gradually rises slowly, and the land along the Chao Phraya River is fertile, which is the main agricultural producing area in Thailand. To the south of Bangkok is the mangrove area of Siam Bay, which did not enter the water at high tide and became a mangrove swamp at low tide. Southern Thailand is a continuation of the western mountains, which form the Malay Peninsula to the south, and the narrowest place is called the crater isthmus.

In addition, ordinary people in Thailand are accustomed to comparing the country's territory to the head of an elephant, regarding the north as the elephant crown, the northeast as the elephant ear, the Siam Bay as the elephant mouth and the narrow strip in the south as the elephant trunk.

As far as climate is concerned, Thailand belongs to tropical monsoon climate. The annual temperature is not lower than 18℃, and the annual average precipitation is about 1000 mm. 165438+10-February is dry, the highest temperature can reach 40-42℃ in March-May, and July-September is rainy season affected by southwest monsoon. From June 5438+ 10 to February 65438+2, tropical cyclones occasionally attacked eastern Thailand from the South China Sea via Indochina Peninsula, but the tropical cyclones formed in Siam Bay were few and weak.

history

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The present place in Thailand was inhabited thousands of years ago, but it was not Thai. According to the general understanding, Thais originated in the south of China, and moved to present-day Thailand in the 1 1 2nd century.

Archaeologists have discovered many ancient ruins in Man Qing, northeastern Thailand, which proves that Thai culture originated in the bronze culture period about 5,000 years ago. At present, the correct information about prehistory is unknown, because Thailand's customs and remnants of culture have been changing and rarely recorded, especially in the18th century, many early cultural relics were destroyed by foreign aggression.

At the end of13rd century, the first and wisest king in Thai history, Yulai the Great, established a prosperous society in Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai in northern Thailand. The temples built at that time showed great influence from Buddhism. Generally speaking, Thailand is not only influenced by Indian Buddhism, but also by Yumin and Khmer. The largest ethnic group in Thailand is Thais. These ethnic groups living in the north were self-sufficient in the early days, but their military strength was quite weak. /kloc-at the beginning of the third century, they were finally conquered by the Khmer people in the neighboring Angkor dynasty. However, this invasion period was not long. The Thai people won a battle in 1238, recaptured Sukhothai City from the Khmer people, and established the first dynasty in Thai history with it as the capital.

Sukhothai means "happy dawn" in Pali. At that time, there was no unified script in Thailand, so "Sukhothai" was used as the title of the first dynasty to indicate the beginning of a new era. The monarch of Sukhothai Dynasty was Langanxing the Great, and he was honored as "the father of Thailand" by Thais. Its greatest contribution is to change the popular Chinese real wax (Khmer) characters into Thailand's own characters. About 1283, Thai is popular all over the country. Another reason why Emperor Lan Ganxing is respected is that he unites all ethnic groups and treats ethnic minorities except Thais equally, such as Khmer, Malay and Chinese. He also advocated Buddhism and sent believers to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) to study Buddhist scriptures, so as to promote the teachings of Hinayana Buddhism after returning home. After the establishment of Sukhothai dynasty, the country was rich and the people were safe, and its forces began to expand to the Chao Phraya River basin. By the early period of Princess XIV, the influence of Sukhothai dynasty had spread to the whole Malay Peninsula and Laos (that is, Liao country). After the death of Lan Ganxing, the once powerful dynasty gradually weakened. At this time, a Thai force in the eastern part of the Thai regiment became more and more powerful and soon spread to the central region.

1347, a satrap's son-in-law, Ramatiepudi, assembled troops at the confluence of the Chao Phraya River and the Basse River, established a new city, named Ayudia (known as the Great City in China), and made it king. This was the later Dacheng Dynasty. After Ramatieputi became king, he immediately launched a diplomatic and military offensive with the intention of occupying the entire Chao Phraya River basin, including the Sukhothai dynasty in the north. His shrewd thinking and ability to govern the country laid the foundation of Dacheng Dynasty and replaced the position of Sukhothai Dynasty. Dacheng dynasty lasted more than 400 years and experienced 33 monarchs. /kloc-At the end of 0/5th century, after the route from the Cape of Good Hope in Africa to the East was opened, Europeans began to trade in Thailand. The Portuguese arrived first. After occupying Malacca, it arrived in Dacheng on 15 12. Since then, the Dutch, the British and the French have also come one after another in an attempt to gain benefits in this rich land of Thailand. In addition, Thailand and neighboring Myanmar often had conflicts during this period, which lasted for a long time.

1767, the Burmese army invaded Dacheng again, and all the palaces, Buddhist temples, private houses and art treasures in the city were destroyed. The magnificent halls and pavilions in the past are now only dilapidated and overgrown with weeds, only for tourists to mourn. 1767 after the fall of the capital of Dacheng dynasty, the Burmese army still stayed to suppress the Thai resistance. However, on the southeast coast of Thailand, an anti-Burmese army appeared. The main commander of this army is Zheng Xin, a general of Dacheng Dynasty (known as Zheng Zhao in China history books). Zheng Xin is descended from China. His father Yongzheng was born in Chenghai, Guangdong. Because of his poor family, he went to Thailand to make a living. He married a Thai woman and gave birth to Zheng Xin in 1734. On that day, when Zheng Xin was invaded in Dacheng, he led his entourage to escape from Dacheng and set up a base in Rayong, southeast Thailand, to organize forces. Half a year later, the troops were divided into combat ships and went up the Chao Phraya River. First break through the west bank, annex Wu Li, then pursue, and fight with Mianjun in the big city, and finally recover the big city trapped in Chongqing. After Zheng Xin entered the city, he witnessed that the former capital was only scorched earth, so he decided to move the capital to Wuli on the west bank of Chao Phraya River, establish the third dry dynasty in Thailand, annex Wuli dynasty, cut down other land-dominating forces, recover lost land and unify Thailand. However, the struggle for power and interests within the court soon appeared again. In the later period of his reign, it is said that Zheng Xin was insane because of his concubine's rivalry for favor, and was killed in a mutiny in 1782. Another story says that Zheng Xin was trapped in a palace by rebels and died in prison at the age of 48. The Wu Dynasty was annexed only 15 years ago. In order to commemorate the great achievements of King Zheng, later generations established the Temple of King Zheng in the area annexed by Wuli, and erected a monument for Zheng Qian in the center of Daluodou Square. On the monument stands a bronze statue of Zheng Xin riding a horse and dancing a sword, which is extremely heroic. On February 28th, 65438, on the coronation day of King Zheng, a sacrificial ceremony of the Zheng Dynasty was held in the bronze statue area, and the roads nearby were blocked, and cultural activities lasted for two days and nights.

After the overthrow of the Zheng Xin dynasty, his subordinates will be enthroned together with Zhaopiye Ji Jie, who is King Rama I (Rama is taken from the folk hero Fu Shuo in Thailand), the current dynasty in Thailand, and the ancestor of the current emperor Bhumibol the Great (King Rama IX). Because the place is too small, and because of national defense considerations, King Rama I moved the capital from Dun Ngari to the east bank of the Zhaopiye River, so Bangkok became the fourth capital in Thai history. At this point, Thailand began to gain stability. More than 200 years have passed since the Bangkok dynasty, Ji Jie dynasty or Rama dynasty, and the capital is still Bangkok.

1809 The Buddha King Lotra Nabray, who ascended the throne in 15 years, sent envoys to Beijing twice, respectively during Daoguang and Jiaqing years in Qing Dynasty. King Jessadabodindra (1824 ~ 185 1 in office) began to open to western countries again. Even at that time, the United States sent its first official to Thailand, and then American missionaries came. They also brought printing. After improvement, Thai printing began to appear in Thailand, and western European medicine and shipbuilding were also introduced to Thailand. King Rama IV Monkou is one of the wise kings of Keji Dynasty and the first monarch in Thai history to accept western academic ideas. He is proficient in Buddhism, attaches importance to science and has extensive knowledge. He is familiar with many languages. Such as Latin and English. He was the first king to allow civilians to approach. In order to resist the invasion of western countries, he made peace with neighboring countries and established diplomatic relations with them. He wrote a letter to President Lincoln during the American Civil War, saying that he would support him with materials. The throne was passed on to King Rama V, the most famous emperor of Chulalongkorn in Thai history, who carried out vigorous reform and positive construction. He abolished slavery, built schools, museums and national libraries, built the first railway in China, developed the road system and established modern facilities such as post offices. Historians call his reign "the era of reform", which is actually the beginning of Thailand's modernization. He was a wise king who guided Thailand's modernization and ruled until the year 19 10. Chulalongkorn died in 19 10. Later generations placed his bronze statue in the square in front of the parliament building in Bangkok to commemorate his achievements. Every year1October 23rd, 10, there will be commemorative activities in this square. After Chulalongkorn's death, Britain and France divided their spheres of influence in Thailand. Since King Rama VI studied in Cambridge, England, and served in the British army, Thailand sent troops to France to support the Allies during the First World War. After the war, Siam joined the League of Nations. Before World War I, Thais had only a first name and no last name. After the war, King Rama VI announced that everyone can have a surname, so Thais have a surname, but they seldom use it, and usually just call them by their first names. With the trend of the world, the power of the royal family is gradually restricted by the constitution. After King Rama VII came to power, the monarchy that lasted for more than 700 years ended. 1932, 12, 10 implemented the constitutional monarchy and promulgated the constitution, so Thailand became a constitutional monarchy country. Congress organized the government to handle state affairs until now.

During World War II, in order to maintain territorial integrity, Thailand reluctantly signed a friendship treaty with Japan in 1940, and the Japanese army entered Thailand the following year. Thai soldiers and civilians felt that anti-Japanese was not the best policy, so they joined the Axis countries. After the war, although the axis countries (Japan, Germany, etc. ) failed, Thailand was invited to join the United Nations because it was not the original belligerent and did not send troops. At present, the United Nations has branches in Thailand. King Rama VIII is the eldest son of Prince Mahathir Songkhla, the fifth king. He succeeded to the throne in 1934. Since World War II, she has been stationed in Switzerland with the Queen Mother, and 1945 returned to Thailand to prepare for the enthronement ceremony. Unfortunately, on June 9 of the following year, he was shot dead. Dry year, in office 12 years.

Today, King Rama IX was born on February 5, 1927 in Monauburn Hospital, Kangbi City, Massachusetts, USA. He was named Prince Pumeipunyayed. 1934, King Rama VII abdicated in London. Because of nothing, the court established an heir to the throne according to the spectrum, and invited his younger brother to inherit the unification, praising His Majesty King Ramahanan Tamahilong, a green Balamin, or King Rama VIII for short. 1935, today's king awarded the brother of Zhao Hua Pummellen Yeid as the royal brother of the king. 1On June 9, 946, King Rama VIII died suddenly. Today, the king has no heir. According to the royal inheritance law, he announced that he would ascend to the throne and inherit the unification, claiming to shoot Zhao Yuhua and Pu Meipeng. His Majesty Aaron Jeyder, King Rama IX for short. 1950, Wang Shang returned to Kyoto, Thailand from abroad. In March, he ordered the funeral of the first king's fire, and on April 8 of the same year, he gave a wedding ceremony in the 18th Yong Palace, and ordered the conferment of sirikit? The female prince of Ye Gong in Jidi is the queen, and she is known as the Queen of Yuan Paila Nisiliji. 195 1 On April 5th, the Queen gave birth to her first princess, named Zhao Hua Bird Loven Chagan. Stone, the princess who climbed into the valley. 1952 On July 28th, the Crown Prince was born. 1April 6, 955, the princess was born. Princess Chulabhorn was born on1July 4, 957. 1956 10 22. Wang Shang became a monk and converted to Buddhism for fifteen days. He kept the precepts in the Jade Buddha Temple and put his descendants in charge of government affairs. After secularization, in view of the fact that everything was in order during the reign of the queen, according to ancient practice, she was appointed as the legitimate queen. Dating back to 1946, since Wang Shang was in power, the sacred spirit of patriotism and love for the people is all-encompassing. He visited people everywhere almost every day, asking about the details of the local government and military police, and asking about the education, health and living conditions of local people. Bhumibol, the ninth king of Ji Jie dynasty? 1946 On June 9th, His Majesty Alinier ascended the throne, and it has been 50 years since then. He is the longest-serving monarch in Thailand. For decades, Wang Shang has made immortal contributions to Thailand's democracy, freedom, prosperity and progress with his superhuman wisdom and indomitable perseverance. With firm determination, high enthusiasm and wide affinity, Wang Shang United people of all ethnic groups with different economic status, religious beliefs and ethnic backgrounds and advanced towards the overall goal of economic and social construction. 1June 9, 996 is the 50th anniversary of Shang King's accession to the throne. All Thai people held an unprecedented celebration with joy to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Shang King's accession to the throne and express the heartfelt thanks of the people of the whole country.