In the stubble selection and soil preparation of gourd planting technology, low-lying land with good drainage and hillock land with fertile soil and irrigation conditions are selected. Avoid watermelon and other melons. Soil preparation: beating and breaking ridges to suppress soil moisture in time. Transplanting ridges are long ridges. Ridge width is 9 ~ 13cm, and 7 ~ 8 empty ridges in the middle should also be ridged for weeding.
Gourd planting method
Japanese green gourd was selected as a seed soaking variety to accelerate germination, and the seeds were soaked in warm water at 40℃ 12 ~ 24h. After taking it out, wrap it in gauze and spin it dry. Open the soaked loofah seeds. Use a wooden trough or ordinary basin, pad with a layer of sterilized sawdust or sand, and then pad with a layer of gauze, evenly place the soaked seeds on the gauze, cover with a new towel that has been wrung out, cover with a curtain, cover with a quilt to accelerate germination, and brush with a new brush twice a day. Germination temperature is generally 25 ~ 28℃. It is required to pick up the germinated seeds every day, put them in another pot and put them in a cool place indoors to control the growth of buds.
Seedbed sowing
① Seedbed preparation. Padding 8 ~ 10 cm horse manure or broken grass at the bottom of the seedbed, covering it with a layer of soil and treading it flat. At the same time, 70% mepiquat chloride wettable powder of 0.3 ~ 0.6 g/m2 was used for disinfection, and the shed was closed. After sowing, fix the shed on the seedbed.
② Preparation of nutrient soil. Select the soil that has not used herbicides such as Pushing, Bensulfuron, etc., sieve it, and mix it with the decomposed farmyard manure after sieving at a ratio of 7: 2.
③ Bagging and sowing. Nutrient soil is put into 10 cm? 1.5 cm plastic bag, put 20 ~ 30 diamines at the bottom of the plastic bag at 1/3 as base fertilizer, and fill the pier. Cut 2 ~ 4 holes with the aperture of 8 ~ 10 mm at the bottom corner of the nutrition bag or tie 2 ~ 4 holes at the bottom for water permeability. The sowing time depends on the local season. Make a hole 3 ~ 4 cm deep in the middle of the nutrition bag with a wooden stick, put down the germinated seeds, and water it once after soil remediation.
Seedbed management should be properly watered, not waterlogged; Prevention and control of rodent pests: phoxim, trichlorfon and wheat bran can be mixed (poison bait); Weeding in time and spraying foliar fertilizer; When the true leaves grow to 3 ~ 4 pieces, they begin to be centered to prevent virtual length; The suitable temperature of seedbed is 25 ~ 28℃, and it is not lower than 65438 05℃ at night. Generally, the seedling age is 35-40 days, and the seedlings are tempered 5-7 days before planting.
Timely transplanting
(1) Dig a big hole. Dig 20 cm before transplanting? 20 cm hole, plant spacing 1.3 ~ 1.6 m, 80 ~ 100 seedlings per mu, farm manure 5 ~ 7.5 kg, chemical fertilizer 100 ~ 250 g (the ratio of diammonium, potassium fertilizer and magnesium powder is 3 ∶
(2) Artificial transplanting. Before transplanting, fill the nutrition bag with water, transplant the seedlings into the hole, cover them with soil and fill them with water. At the same time, cover with plastic film, dig holes and put seedlings. You can also choose double-film transplanting, that is, covering the arch film after transplanting.
Tiantuan management
(1) Artificial weeding, timely control of pests and diseases.
(2) combine topdressing to level off empty ridges and pave grass. Use straw or wheat straw about 1 kg per square meter to prevent grass shortage. When the main vine grows to about 50 cm, it is best to combine irrigation with topdressing urea 100 ~ 250g/ plant, and topdressing should not be too close to the main root to prevent root burning. Don't sprinkle urea on the leaves to avoid burning.
(3) ripening, coring, branching and artificial pollination. Leave two main vines for each plant along the vines. Two main vines are placed horizontally on the empty ridge, which can cultivate directional soil at one time. Pinch tip: First-class branch, start pinching tip when it grows to 3 leaves, observe and adjust the second and third-class branches, and pinch tip of main vine after August 23rd. Artificial pollination: Generally, sweet gourds are forked every morning, and pollination begins on 16 in the afternoon, and can be stopped after the hot summer. Generally, two main vines knot 6-8 melons.
The Edible Value of Gourd There are many ways to eat Gourd. Wang Zhen's agricultural book in Yuan Dynasty said:? Widely used, the big ones can be made into vegetarian soup, cooked with meat to make broth, fried with fruit before honey, sliced and dried. Say it again: Fairy is a thing, but it is tiring and endless. Cooking Xian Yi is the best vegetable. ? It can be seen that the ancients used gourd as fruits and vegetables, and they ate in various ways, such as boiling soup, pickling and drying in the sun. The boiled soup is fragrant and delicious. Different from other melons and fruits, gourd and its leaves should be eaten when they are tender, otherwise they will lose their edible value when they are ripe.
Gourd food department: every 100g contains 0.7g of protein, 0. 1g of fat, 2.7g of carbohydrate, 0.8g of dietary fiber and 40? G, thiamine 0.02mg, riboflavin 0.0 1mg, nicotinic acid 0.4mg, ascorbic acid1mg, potassium 87mg, sodium 0.6mg, calcium/kloc-0.6mg, magnesium 7mg, iron 0.4mg and zinc 0./kloc-0. Modern scientific research, such as G, shows that gourd has the effects of clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, quenching thirst and detoxifying, and is suitable for treating edema, abdominal distension, thirst, sore poison, pneumonia, enteritis and diabetes. Its therapeutic agent, such as: for the treatment of damp-heat type acute enteritis, use gourd 150g, purslane 70g, coix seed 50g and japonica rice 100g to cook porridge. Treatment of pneumonia: 80g of gourd, 0/2g of Scrophularia root/kloc-,30g of houttuynia cordata, 20g of lalang grass rhizome and 8g of licorice root are decocted in water twice a day.
The water content of young gourd fruit is 95%, and the fresh weight per100g contains about10 ~15mg of vitamin C, and a small amount of sugar, phosphorus and calcium. The taste is light and soft, suitable for cooking, not raw. Some varieties of causal meat contain cucurbitacin glycoside, which is bitter. In production, parents without bitterness are selected, and pollination is controlled to make the offspring of seeds without bitterness.
In eating, gourd is divided into sweet gourd and bitter gourd.
Sweet gourd is rich in nutrition and is a favorite vegetable of the public in summer. Gourd can be fried, stewed, boiled in soup and eaten as stuffing, such as spicy fried gourd strips, roasted pork slices of gourd and gourd soup. When cooking, it is not advisable to cook it too badly, otherwise the nutrition will be lost.
Nutrition: Gourd contains protein and a variety of trace elements, which helps to enhance the immune function of the body. At the same time, gourd is rich in vitamin C, which can promote the synthesis of antibodies and improve the antiviral ability of the body. Two kinds of trypsin inhibitors can be separated from gourd, which can inhibit trypsin and thus have the effect of lowering blood sugar. Gourd is rich in carotene, which can prevent the synthesis of human carcinogens after eating, thus reducing the formation of cancer cells and the incidence of human cancer, thus playing an anti-cancer role. The general population can eat related people. It is especially suitable for patients with low immunity, hyperglycemia and cancer.
Gourd is flat and sweet; Entering the lung, spleen and kidney meridians;
Has diuretic, repercussive, thirst quenching, vexation relieving, stranguria relieving, and hard mass resolving effects.
Indications: edema, ascites, fever, thirst, sores, jaundice, gonorrhea and carbuncle.
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