Termite is one of the insects that can degrade lignocellulose efficiently in the natural environment. It belongs to Arthropoda, Insecta, Winged Subclass, Netherptera, and is a semi-metamorphosed completely social insect. Termites are distributed in 2/3 of the earth's land area, most of which are concentrated in tropical and subtropical areas. Only Antarctica has not found any traces of termite activities on all continents.

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Termites have the basic characteristics of insects, generally ranging in length from several millimeters to more than ten millimeters, and the length of winged adults is about 10-30 millimeters. However, due to the well-developed gonads, the bellies of perennial queens are extremely large, with a body length of 60-70 mm, and some kinds of queens can even exceed 100 mm. Its body is divided into three parts: chest and abdomen. The head can rotate freely. It has tentacles, eyes and other important sensory organs. Feeding organs are typical chewing mouthparts and protrusions.

The chest part has three sections: the front chest, the middle chest and the back chest, and each section has a pair of feet. Winged adults have a pair of long and narrow membranous wings in the middle and back chest. The front and rear wings are almost equal in shape and size, hence the name Isoptera. Abdominal segment 10, the male reproductive pore is between the 9th and 10 webbed;

In females, the 7th webbed is enlarged, the reproductive pore is open at the bottom, and the 8th and 9th webbed are reduced. Most species have a pair of simple spikes, which are located at the middle edge of the ninth net, and there are a pair of tail whiskers on both sides of the 10 net. The degree of chitin in termites varies with species. Generally, winged adults have high and hard walls, while worker ants have shallow and soft walls.

The hair of the body varies according to the type, with more or less hair and some close to baldness. Body color varies from white, light yellow, auburn to black. However, most species are light in color and close to milky white.