Those beautiful castles, hidden in the wonderful fairyland among the mountains, are dance halls with lights like day, and the love fairy tales of the prince and princess are staged.
However, such castles only exist in film and television dramas and Disneyland. The nobles who really lived in medieval castles were not as comfortable as we thought.
First, the daily life of the castle is equivalent to a military camp.
Castles are the product of medieval Europe, when nobles fought for land, food, livestock and population. Fierce wars led the nobles to build more and more castles to defend their territory.
Therefore, in essence, the castle is actually a military fortress, not a luxurious palace to show off.
After watching Game of Thrones, many people always feel that Winterfell of the North Stokes is a bit shabby. In fact, almost all the castles of European nobles in the Middle Ages were like this, even more shabby.
In the Middle Ages, the European continent was filled with smoke. In order to effectively resist invading enemies, most castles are built on steep terrain, such as cliffs, hilltops and small islands in the middle of rivers.
Smoke billowed outside the castle, and the bad state inside the castle was even more outrageous.
1 1 century ago, castles were divided into wooden castles and masonry castles. Most of the castles preserved today are brick castles. Wooden castles do exist in history. Their appearance is a little shabby than brick castles, but their functions are the same.
Because as a military facility, the castle abandoned the concept of comfort in civil facilities.
Disney Castle animation did not exist in the Middle Ages.
Because it is a military facility, people's living room structure is very simple, and basically all room areas are connected.
The headquarters for commanding operations should be designed as complex as possible and delay the enemy's entry into the interior as much as possible, so it is very important to kill rooms and multiple gates one by one.
In order to prevent the enemy from climbing into the castle through the window, there are few holes in the outer wall. In this way, the indoor lighting conditions are very poor, even in broad daylight, it is dark.
There is no gorgeous carpet in the room, and most of the time it is just some discarded straw. There is almost everything in these hay, including spit, vomit, urine, spilled beer, leftovers and other unspeakable dirty things.
In the dark high wall, the rotten smell of straw and the smell of livestock manure are intertwined, making the whole castle like a huge incinerator.
Coupled with the poor building level at that time, there will be serious rainwater leakage inside the castle when it rains heavily.
The dark and humid environment naturally leads to poor sanitary conditions in the castle, and rats, cockroaches, mosquitoes and fleas can be seen everywhere. Fortunately, Europeans didn't pay attention to hygiene at that time, and even nobles didn't take a bath for many years.
Second, the stinking Middle Ages
There was a dark history in the Middle Ages, and modern people listened to the tears of men and women. That is, Europeans in the Middle Ages didn't take a bath.
Now, if someone says I haven't bathed for decades, Well, I seem to smell an indescribable smell.
However, in the eyes of people at that time, not taking a bath was regarded as a normal behavior.
In ancient Rome, there were not only underground water supply systems but also public bathhouses everywhere. At that time, people were very clean and bathing was not a luxury.
Since the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, bathhouses and underground pipelines have been abandoned because they have not been maintained all the year round, so bathing has gradually become a luxury. Because people don't take a bath all the year round, they have accumulated a thick layer of flea nests, sweat stains and oil stains.
Some people can't accept their own smell and start buying spices and making perfumes. The perfume industry developed step by step.
Until now, European perfumes are world civilizations, but who would have thought that the original intention of perfume was to cover up the unpleasant body odor.
However, a statistician pointed out an amazing fact: until today, one in five people in London basically does not take a bath. As for the rule of washing hands before meals, they abide by it better, for the simple reason that before the appearance of knives and forks, Europeans grabbed their meals directly with their hands. Well, European culture can indeed be traced back to ancient times.
Third, the shabby castle banquet.
Because of the location of the castle, it is very remote. All kinds of daily necessities need a lot of manpower to carry, so it is good to be able to supply everyone's daily needs in the castle. What "bicycles" do you need?
It was not until the 12 century that Europeans knew what coffee, tea and spices were. There is no grand banquet in the castle, and the food every day is like dog food. Knights and nobles directly cut meat with daggers, and crumbs and bones were thrown all over the floor, and pigs and dogs scrambled to eat each other.
In the Middle Ages, people often ate birds, including eagles, cranes, peacocks, sparrows, larks, finches and swans. Anything that can fly is food on the table.
Not because these birds eat delicious food, but because there is no other meat to eat. /kloc-for more than 0/000 years, people never eat beef and mutton, because these animals are very precious, people need their hair, cheese and cattle strength, and the excreta of those animals are also good fertilizers, so they are unwilling to slaughter them.
Fourth, ugly medieval cities.
In the middle ages, it was unrealistic for you to find a civilized city.
When you enter the city gate, someone will stop you and tell you that you'd better look elsewhere for poetry and distance.
Because a great plague just happened here, the Lord decided to put all the people here to death, and it is being blocked.
Even if you are lucky enough to enter a big city, you may be greeted by a bubble of shit falling from the sky. You can't escape being drenched and lying in the street full of shit.
Don't make a fuss. The toilet was invented in19th century. Before that, there were no pumping facilities in the castle, so it was normal to urinate everywhere in the Middle Ages.
This is the cruel reality of medieval European castles, full of poverty, war and filth.
Some people may say that Neuschwanstein Castle in Germany is gorgeous and comfortable, and it is not as sad as mentioned above.
You know, Neuschwanstein Castle was built in the late19th century. This was the palace of King Ludwig II of Bavaria at that time, which was quite different from the castle where the medieval nobles lived.
There are no fairy tales in life. Without exception, everything behind them is bloody, dark and dirty.
What was life like in a medieval castle? Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? 1. In the Middle Ages, only nobles could live in castles. Although the appearance of castles is different, they have one thing in common: they are all built on high ground, with rivers and water nearby. They look strange, as if they were thousands of miles away. High walls and iron walls are daunting. But the interiors of many castles are warm, with fireplaces for heating, thick blankets on the walls, and curtains hanging on the beds of noble ladies.
Because of its structure, the castle is often damp, cold and moldy. In order to solve this problem, some herbs and plants are used to remove odor. For example, spread scented lavender, thyme and other plants on the ground to purify the smell. A castle can hold many people. If the owner of the castle employs a large number of servants, the population can reach up to 200.
Although the castle is a home, it is not a permanent residence. Owners, ladies and their servants-ranging from 30 to 150-will move from one castle to another with their beds, sheets, tapestries, tableware, candlesticks and boxes, which means that most rooms in the castle are always closed.
The busyness of the castle depends on the time of year. Festivals like Easter and Christmas mean that guests will flock to the castle, and they may stay there for several months. Other times, such as when a woman is about to give birth or has just given birth, she is not so busy. Different castles naturally have different numbers of rooms. Castles in the early Middle Ages and smaller castles in the whole period usually consist of a tower, and each floor contains a room.
Large castles and manors usually have halls, bedrooms, solar energy (living rooms), bathrooms and gardens, guard rooms and guard rooms, kitchens, pantries, storerooms and dressing rooms, chapels, cupboards (libraries) and boudoir (dressing rooms), storerooms and cellars, igloos, attics, apartments and sometimes even dungeons. The hall is the center of the castle. It is usually the warmest room in the castle, one of the most gorgeous rooms, and also the center of entertainment and celebration activities, such as dancing, drama or poetry reading.
Generally speaking, the owner of a castle has a private apartment or bathroom with a bathroom and a room where guests can sleep. They may also have private churches. Usually, the palace and the lady's room are the safest places in the castle, which are heavily guarded and no one can get in. Some castles even have their own aristocratic and ladies rooms in a completely independent building, which can protect the main body even if the rest of the castle collapses.
Although the windows of the early castle were small, it might be dark and cold, but later the windows of the castle were bigger, allowing more light to enter. Fireplaces were not invented until the Middle Ages. Before that, all fires were open, which would produce a lot of smoke and could not effectively spread heat. The lobby of a castle usually has a large open fireplace for heating and lighting. Tapestries also provide some insulation.
8. More private rooms in the castle, such as bedrooms, will be equipped with beds with curtains and fireplaces, or with detachable mantels. They also have square gaps in their walls, called lamp holders, which can be used to hold lights or candles. Servants' rooms are usually above the kitchen. Although they are small and lack privacy, they can be warm and certainly smell better than other parts of the castle.
9. Children play in the castle, and there will be many upper-class children in the castle. Although the social norms of children at that time were different from today's, children at that time were loved and educated. There is a lot of evidence that they have toys, such as miniature furniture, which may be used to educate them in their later lives. They use badminton beds. There are even children as servants: children from wealthy families are sent to live in castles as a way to learn etiquette and court work.
What are the medieval castles? Fort Drakula, Romania
Located in central and western Romania, it is also known as Brown Castle. Built in 1377 and completed in 1382. The whole castle is like a tight battle fortress. It is said that the most distinctive feature of this castle is its four turrets. These turrets either store gunpowder or have raised floors, which are specially used to pour hot water on enemies who want to besiege the castle. The four turrets are connected by a corridor with shooting holes on the outer wall of the corridor. Today, Fort Dracula has become a museum of history and art ... Scottish Grammys Castle.
The most haunted castle in Scotland is located in Grammy, Scotland. Built in 1372. Compatible with French and Scottish architectural styles, Normandy-style towers surround the classical Scottish tower. There are gorgeous Italian gardens and Dutch gardens outside the castle, which are beautifully managed.
Aiding Castle
Edinburgh Castle is the spiritual symbol of Edinburgh and even Scotland. Built in 157 1. Standing on the top of the extinct volcano overlooking the downtown area of Edinburgh, the military tattoo held here every August reveals the solemn atmosphere of Edinburgh Castle.
Champagne in Loire, France
The perfect combination of the gorgeous delusion of the nobility and the brilliant art of the Renaissance. The most artistic castle, "has a real king style." Honestly, it's a villa. Fort saint Michel
Located near St. Marlowe Bay in Normandy, France, it was built in 708 AD. St. Michel's monastery and church are both built on the island. The monastery is simple and solemn in appearance, with a wall thickness of one meter and a triangular roof. Among them, St. Michel's church is supported by huge battlements, and every arch line and every pattern has a peak, which makes people feel that there is a rising force. There is a golden statue of the archangel Saint Michel on the spire of the tallest church bell tower.
What are the most famous medieval castles in Europe in the world?
Located in central and western Romania, it is also called Castle Brown. Built in 1377 and completed in 1382. The whole castle looks like a battle fortress with a dense medieval castle. The most distinctive feature of this castle is its four turrets. These turrets either store gunpowder or install raised floors in medieval castles to pour hot water on enemies who want to besiege the castles. There is a cloister between the four turrets, and there are shooting holes on the outer wall of the cloister.
Legend has it that the famous Romanian prince Voled Dracula III ruled with an iron fist and tortured and killed countless prisoners of war, corrupt officials, spies and criminals. He used to mercilessly nail prisoners to stakes. So in people's eyes, he gradually became a vampire, and the Dracula Castle where he lived became a vampire's lair. Moreover, there have been several wars in the history of Dracula Castle, many of which are brave.
Granmis Castle, Scotland
The most haunted castle in Scotland was built in Grameen, Scotland. Built in 1372. Compatible with French and Scottish architectural styles, Normandy turrets enclose the classical Scottish tower. There are gorgeous Italian gardens and Dutch gardens outside the castle, which are beautifully managed.
The legendary Duke of Crawford, nicknamed Tiger, was once the owner of Grammy Castle. It is said that he likes to play cards with the devil at the midnight meeting on Saturday. Inspired by the ghost legends here, Shakespeare wrote Macbeth.
3 Aiding Castle
Edinburgh Castle is the spiritual symbol of Edinburgh and even Scotland. Built in 157 1. It stands on the top of the extinct volcano rock, overlooking the urban area of Edinburgh. The military tattoo held here every August shows the solemn atmosphere of Edinburgh Castle.
Located on the granite roof of an extinct volcano, it can be seen in every corner of the city center. Edinburgh Castle became a royal fortress in the 6th century, and Queen Margaret died here on 1093. Edinburgh Castle has since become an important royal residence and national administrative center. It has been one of the important royal castles in Britain since the Middle Ages until the Hollywood Palace was completed in the16th century, replacing Edinburgh Castle as the main residence of the royal family. However, Edinburgh Castle is still an important symbol of Scotland. Edinburgh Castle is divided into lower area, middle area, upper area and other areas along the slope. There are dozens of places to visit, including St. Margaret's Church, which is said to be the oldest existing building in Edinburgh. The military prison in the castle once imprisoned Napoleon's army, and the fingerprints carved by the French army on the wall still exist today.
The famous Monseiger gun in the castle was built in 1449 Belgium. After more than 200 years of fighting, it returned to Edinburgh on 1829, and now it is placed in the vault of the castle. There are many Scottish treasures in the palace of the castle, such as the Scottish crown designed by 1540 and other imperial scepters.
Champagne No.4 on the Loire River, France
The perfect combination of aristocratic fantasy and brilliant art in Renaissance. The most artistic castle "has a real king's demeanor". Honestly, it's a villa.
5 San Michel, mt
Located near St. Marlowe Bay in Normandy, France, it was built in 708 AD. There is St. Michel monastery and church on the island. The monastery is simple and solemn in appearance, with a wall thickness of one meter and a triangular roof. St. Michel's Church is supported by huge battlements. Every arch line and every pattern has a sharp peak, which makes people feel that there is a rising force. There is a golden statue of the archangel Saint Michel on the spire of the tallest church bell tower.
During the Hundred Years' War from 1337 to 1453,19 French knights took refuge in monasteries and fought against the British for 24 years. In this protracted war, this island is the only military fortress in this area that has not fallen.
The role of medieval castles in Europe is a building with both military and civil functions. It is not only a fortress to defend against enemy attacks, but also the residence of nobles and knights.
Medieval Europe was a wasteland full of conflicts, robberies, confrontations and killings. In this chaotic medieval castle, people need a harbor to escape the storm of war, tools to resist the attack of powerful enemies, and sharp tools to maintain peace on one side. Thus, the castle was born.
At that time, building castles was the most reliable way of defense in the war, and at least the weak side could retreat to castles. The castle, which is mainly made of earth and stone materials, is enough to resist the rapid attack of cavalry and turn the sudden quick victory into a war of attrition. Therefore, the purpose of the castle is to defuse the enemy's attacks, especially in medieval Europe, where lords at all levels took the maintenance of personal and property safety as their core task, which made the castle enter a golden age.
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The types of early castles were called "mounds and slates". A mound is a dam made of earth, with a certain width and height, usually 50 feet high. Mounds and slates are like an island, surrounded by dug ditches filled with water, connected by a bridge and narrow and steep paths. When in danger, if you can't hold the banlou, the defending troops will retreat into the arrow tower.
In the 1 1 century, castles were built of stones instead of mud and wood. The wooden arrow tower built on the earth embankment is made of big stones. This kind of fortification was called empty-shell fortress, and later developed into an arrow tower or fortress.
After the Crusade, new defense techniques and siege engineers were brought back to improve the design of the castle. The concentric castle extends from the central point and is surrounded by two or more circular walls. At first, the square arrow tower was used to strengthen the defense of the city wall, and later it was changed to the round arrow tower, which was more resistant. You can add more combat readiness at the top of the city wall and the arrow tower, making it more capable of attacking downwards.
Although artillery appeared in Europe at the beginning of14th century, there was no siege artillery with fighting capacity until the middle of15th century. With the increasing power of artillery, people began to change the design of the castle in response. In the past, the high-risk and steep walls were replaced by low-inclined walls.
By the middle of the15th century, due to the expansion of kingship, the castle began to decline. 1 1 century, William the conqueror claimed to own all the castles in England and took them back from the nobles. In the13rd century, the construction or reinforcement of castles had to be approved by the king. Its purpose is to abolish the castle so that it cannot be used as a basis for rebellion. The castle was abandoned, and a quarter of it was still reserved by the nobles, among which the century castle was in ruins.
The construction of the castle can be completed in less than a year, or it may take twenty years. Building castles has been an important industry for centuries. Famous masons are in great demand, and groups of castle builders will move from one place to another to work. Towns want to hire skilled workers to build cathedrals, and lords also want to hire them to build castles.
Construction began at Beaumaris Castle in North Wales, 1295. Its design is symmetrical and has no weaknesses. At the peak of construction, 30 blacksmiths, 400 masons and 2000 workers are needed. Workers are mostly engaged in excavation, handling, lifting, excavation, stone splitting and other work. This well-designed castle was never completed. Conwill's Castle was built in Wales by England's Edward I of England, which took 40 months.
The walls of the castle are made of stone, and the inside of the stone wall is filled with gravel and flint, which is mixed with mortar grinder. The width of the city wall is generally between 6 and 16 feet.
Reference source: medieval castle: Baidu Encyclopedia-Castle
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