ISBN means "International Standard Book Number", which is abbreviated as International Standard Book Number in English.
Formation of international standard book number
1966165438+1October, at the third international conference on book market research and book trade rationalization in west Berlin, H. J. Ehlers of Klett Publishing Company of the Federal Republic of Germany put forward the initiative of standard book number, which was recognized as the historical starting point of international standard book number. At that time, many publishing houses and book publishers in Europe were considering using computers for book ordering and bibliographic control. 1967, Britain established the SBN- Standard Book Number Center in Whitaker Company. 1969 In April, the 46th Technical Committee of the International Organization for Standards (ISO/TC46- ISO/Technical Committee 46) drafted the ISBN scheme in Stockholm. 197 1 year, ISO approved the implementation of ISBN worldwide for five years.
Composition of international standard book number
The ISBN consists of ten digits. Divided into four segments by three short horizontal lines, each segment has a different meaning.
The first number field is the area code, also known as the group identifier. The shortest number is one digit, and the longest number is five digits, generally taking into account the language, country and region. The countries and regions that voluntarily apply to participate in ISBN system are divided into several regions, and each region has a fixed code: 0, 1 for English. The countries that use these two codes are Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, South Africa, Britain, the United States, Zimbabwe and so on. Stands for French, which is used in French-speaking areas of France, Luxembourg, Belgium, Canada and Switzerland; 3 stands for German and is used in Germany, Austria and German-speaking Switzerland; 4 is the code of Japanese publications; 5 is the code for Russian publications; 7 is the code used in China publications.
The group number is divided into five grades, with the length of 1-5 digits, and the specific setting range is as follows:
┌──────┬───────────┬──────────┬────────────────┬────────────
│ Number of group numbers │ Setting range │ Number of group numbers that can be allocated │ Permitted publication of each group number (species) │ Total publication of each document (species)
├──────┼───────────┼──────────┼────────────────┼────────────
│ 1│0 ~ 7│8│ 1 billion │800 million
├──────┼───────────┼──────────┼────────────────┼────────────
│ 2 │ 80 ~ 94 │15 │ 0.100000 │1500000
├──────┼───────────┼──────────┼────────────────┼────────────
│ 3 │950~997 │48 │0.0 1 100 million │ 48 million
├──────┼───────────┼──────────┼────────────────┼────────────
│ Four digits │ 9980 ~ 9989 │10 │ 0.001billion │0.0 1 billion.
├──────┼───────────┼──────────┼────────────────┼────────────
│ Five digits │ 99900 ~ 99999 │100 │ 0.0001billion │0.0 1 billion.
├──────┼───────────┼──────────┼────────────────┼────────────
│ Total │ 18 1│ 1000 billion
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
The second number is the publisher identifier, which is assigned by the ISBN center of the country or region. The allowable value range is 2~5 digits. The bigger the publishing house, the more books it publishes, and the smaller the number.
The third paragraph is that the book number (title identifier) is given by the publishers themselves, and the book number of each publisher is fixed. The shortest one and the longest six. The bigger the publishing house, the more books published and the longer the serial number.
The tenth digit is the parity bit of the electronic computer. Fix one bit, the starting and ending number is 0~ 10, and 10 is replaced by X.
Four numbers should be connected by a hyphen (-) (for example: 2-02-033598-0). However, some library integration systems can't automatically assign hyphens, and library catalogers don't know much about the segmentation of ISBN, so people often omit hyphens in bibliographic records (for example, 2020335980).
I hope it helps you.