Marie Curie (1867.11.7—1934.7.4) was born in Poland and was transferred to French nationality because Poland was occupied at that time. French physicist and chemist. A world-famous scientist, who studied radioactive phenomena, discovered two natural radioactive elements, radium and polonium, known as the "mother of radium", and won the Nobel Prize twice in his life (physics for the first time and chemistry for the second time). In the process of studying radium, it took her and her husband three years and nine months to extract 0. 1g radium from several tons of slag. As an outstanding scientist, Madame Curie has social influence that ordinary scientists do not have. Especially because she is a pioneer of successful women, her model has inspired many people. Many people heard her story when they were young, but they got a simplified and incomplete impression. 1937 The Biography of Madame Curie published by my second daughter greatly influenced the world's understanding of Madame Curie. This book beautifies Madame Curie's life and deals with all the twists and turns she encountered in her life. She can also tell the location of every gram of radium in the world! This is her most outstanding place!

[Edit this paragraph] The life of the character

Mary was born in Warsaw, Poland on 1867. After graduating from high school, she suffered from mental illness for a year. Because she is a woman, she can't pursue further studies in any university in Russia or Poland, so she has been a tutor for several years. Both Mary and her sister dream of studying in France. My sister has saved some money for studying abroad, but the money is only enough to study in France for one year. In order to realize her and her sister's dream, Mary proposed to her sister. I will be a tutor to provide her with funds for school, and then I will prepare funds for her to study abroad when her sister graduates and finds a job. For the dream of studying abroad, Mary worked as a tutor for 8 years. Eight years of indelible dreams have finally come true. With the support of her sister, she went to Paris and studied mathematics and physics in Sor-bonne (the old name of Paris University). After four years of hard work, Mary obtained two master's degrees in physics and mathematics from the University of Paris. There, she became the first female lecturer in the school.

Maria met another lecturer pierre curie, her later husband, at the University of Paris. The two of them often study radioactive materials together, mainly pitchblende, because the total radioactivity of this ore is stronger than that of the uranium it contains. 1898, the curies put forward a logical inference to this phenomenon: pitchblende must contain some unknown radioactive component, which is much more radioactive than uranium. On February 26th, 65438, Madame Curie announced the idea of the existence of this new substance.

In the following years, the Curies continued to refine the radioactive components in pitchblende. After unremitting efforts, the Curies finally isolated radium chloride and discovered two new chemical elements: polonium (Po) and radium (lei). Due to the discovery and research of radioactivity, the Curies and henry beck Rael won the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics, and Madame Curie became the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in history. Eight years later, 19 1 1 year, Madame Curie won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for successfully separating radium. Unexpectedly, after winning the Nobel Prize, Madame Curie did not apply for a patent for the method of refining pure radium, but made it public, which effectively promoted the development of radiochemistry.

In her later years, Madame Curie had an affair with paul long Wan Zhi, a student of her husband's life, which caused an uproar in France. 19 1 1 Paris news (June 5438+065438+1October 4) in the headline "Love Story: Madame Curie and Professor Lang Wan Zhi", it is widely rumored that Pierre is alive and Lang Wan Zhi is in close contact with Madame Curie. Einstein's view on this matter is that if you love each other, no one can control it. He wrote a letter to Madame Curie at19111123 to express his comfort.

Madame Curie was the first person to win two Nobel Prizes in history, and she was also one of only two people who won Nobel Prizes in different fields. During the First World War, Madame Curie advocated the use of radiology to rescue the wounded, which promoted the application of radiology in the medical field. After that, she went to the United States on 192 1 to raise money for radiology research. Madame Curie died in Haute-Savoie, France, on July 4, 1934 due to excessive exposure to radioactive substances. Later, her eldest daughter, Elaine Joliot-Curie, won the 1935 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Her youngest daughter, Eve Curie, wrote a biography of Madame Curie after her mother died. During the inflation in the 1990s, Madame Curie's head appeared on Polish and French currency and stamps. The chemical element curium (Cm, 96) was named in memory of the Curie couple. Madame Curie wrote down my beliefs.

First of all, I entered the University of Paris by my own efforts.

Marie Curie is the youngest and cleverest of her five children. Her father is a middle school math and science teacher with very limited income, and her mother is a middle school teacher. Mary's childhood was unhappy. Her mother has a serious infectious disease and is taken care of by her sister. Later, my mother and elder sister died when she was less than 10 years old. Her life is full of difficulties. Such a living environment not only cultivated her ability to live independently, but also tempered her very strong character since she was a child.

Mary has been studying very hard since she was a child. She has a strong interest in learning and special hobbies. She never misses any learning opportunities easily, and shows tenacious enterprising spirit everywhere. Since primary school, she has been the first in every subject. 15 years old, graduated from high school with a gold medal. Her father studied physics at St. Petersburg University earlier, and her father's thirst for scientific knowledge and strong enterprising spirit also deeply influenced little Mary. She likes all kinds of instruments in her father's laboratory since she was a child. When she grew up, she read many books on natural science, which filled her with fantasies. She is eager to explore the scientific world. But her family at that time did not allow her to go to college. /kloc-started to be a tutor for a long time at the age of 0/9, and at the same time taught himself various courses to prepare for future study. In this way, until the age of 24, she finally came to study at the Faculty of Science of Paris University. With a strong thirst for knowledge, she listened carefully to every class. Hard study has made her worse and worse, but her academic performance has always been among the best, which not only envies her classmates, but also surprises her professors. Two years after entering school, she confidently took the examination for the bachelor's degree in physics, and she won the first place among 32 candidates. The next year, she won a bachelor's degree in mathematics with the second place.

At the beginning of 1894, Mary accepted the magnetic research project of various steels proposed by the French National Association for the Promotion of Industry. In the process of completing this scientific research project, she met pierre curie, a teacher of Physical Chemistry School, who is an accomplished young scientist. The agreement to use science for the benefit of mankind is willing to combine them. After Mary got married, people addressed her as Madame Curie. 1896, Madame Curie finished the post examination for college graduates with the first place. In the second year, she completed the research on the magnetism of various steels. However, she is not satisfied with her achievements, and she is determined to take the PhD exam and determine her own research direction. Stand at a new starting line.

Second, the light of radium.

1896, French physicist becquerel published a work report, which introduced in detail the uranium element he discovered through many experiments. Uranium and its compounds have a special ability, which can automatically and continuously emit an invisible ray, which is different from ordinary light and can make photographic negatives become sensitive through black paper. It is also different from Roentgen rays found in the absence of high vacuum. Uranium and its compounds constantly emit rays and radiate energy outward. This aroused the great interest of Madame Curie. Where does this energy come from? What is the nature of this unusual ray? Madame Curie was determined to uncover its secret. From 65438 to 0897, Madame Curie chose her own research topic-the study of radioactive substances. This research project has brought her into a new scientific world. She worked hard to open up a virgin land, and finally completed one of the most important discoveries in the history of modern science, and discovered the radioactive element radium, which laid the foundation of modern radiochemistry and made great contributions to mankind.

Third, a mind of gold.

Due to their amazing discovery, the Curies and becquerel won the Nobel Prize in Physics in February 1903. Their scientific achievements are unparalleled, but they are extremely contemptuous of fame and fortune and most tired of those boring social parties. They devoted everything they had to the cause of science, without any selfish interests. After the successful extraction of radium, they were suggested to apply for a patent right from the government to monopolize the manufacture of radium in order to make a fortune. Madame Curie said, "That is against the scientific spirit. Scientists' research results should be published publicly, and others should develop them without any restrictions. "Besides, radium is good for patients, so we should not use it for profit. The Curies also donated their Nobel Prizes to others.

1906, Mr. Curie died in a car accident, and Madame Curie suffered great pain. She is determined to redouble her efforts to realize her scientific ambition. The University of Paris decided that Madame Curie would take over from Mr. Curie to teach physics. Madame Curie became the first female professor in the history of the famous Paris University. When the couple separated the first batch of radium salts, they began to study the various properties of radiation. From 1889 to 1904, they published 32 academic reports and recorded their exploration footprints in the field of radiation science. 19 10, Madame Curie finished the book Radioactivity Monograph. She also cooperated with others to successfully prepare metal radium. 19 1 1 Madame Curie won the Nobel Prize in chemistry. A female scientist, in less than 10 years, won the highest prize in world science twice in two different scientific fields, which is unique in the history of world science!

19 14, the institute of radium science was established in Paris, and Madame Curie served as the research director of the institute. After that, she continued to teach at the university and engaged in the research of radioactive elements. She spread scientific knowledge to all who want to learn without stint. She has been studying and working for 50 years since 16. But she still doesn't change that strict lifestyle. She has a high spirit of self-sacrifice since she was a child. In her early years, in order to provide for her sister's schooling, she was willing to work as a servant in someone else's house. During her study in Paris, she studied in the library every night in order to save fuel and heating costs, until the library closed. The pitchblende needed to extract pure radium was very expensive at that time. They saved up bit by bit from their living expenses and bought 8 or 9 tons successively. After Mr. Curie's death, Madame Curie donated radium, which was painstakingly extracted and valued at more than 654.38+100,000 gold francs, to the laboratory for cancer research and treatment.

1932, 65-year-old Madame Curie returned to China to attend the opening ceremony of Warsaw Radium Institute. Madame Curie has been away from the motherland since her youth and went to study in France. But she never forgot her motherland. When she was a child, her motherland Poland was occupied by Russia, and she hated the invaders. When the couple separated a new element from the mineral, she named it polonium. This is because the roots of polonium are the same as those of Poland. She expressed her deep nostalgia for the motherland enslaved by Russia.

For decades, Madame Curie has been engaged in the research of radioactive substances for a long time. Coupled with the harsh experimental environment and lack of strict protection for her body, she is often attacked by radioactive elements, which gradually damages her blood and causes leukemia. She also suffers from lung disease, eye disease, gallbladder disease, kidney disease and even insanity. In Madame Curie's view, scientific research is more important than her own health. In order to attend the World Physics Congress, she asked the doctor to postpone the kidney operation. She returned to China to attend the opening ceremony of the Radium Institute. She once endured the fear of blindness and stubbornly carried out scientific research. Until the last breath of her life, she was lying in bed with pernicious anemia and high fever. She still asked her daughter to report to her about the work in the laboratory and proofread the book Radioactivity for her. Madame Curie passed away on July 4th, 934. She devoted her whole life to the science she loved.

1July 4, 934, Madame Curie died of illness. She eventually died of pernicious anemia. She created and developed radiation science all her life, studied strongly radioactive materials fearlessly for a long time, and finally contributed her life to this science. In her life, * * * won 10 famous awards including the Nobel Prize, and won 16 medals issued by international advanced academic institutions; Governments and scientific research institutions around the world have awarded more than 107 titles. But she is as modest and prudent as ever. Albert Einstein, a great scientist, commented: "Among all the famous people, Marie Curie is the only one who has not been spoiled by fame!" Madame Curie is a representative of women.

Madame Curie won 10 awards, 16 medals and 107 honorary titles, especially two Nobel Prizes.