Proofreading takes curiosity and error correction as its basic duty. Proofreaders should be clear about the types of errors that may occur in manuscripts and samples, so as to hunt for and correct errors more consciously in the proofreading process.
There are various errors in manuscripts and proofs, which can be classified into the following types: 10:
1. Text error. Including typos, multi-words, missing words, typos, typos, typos, reciprocal, variant characters, old glyphs, etc. , the most typos. A typo is a combination of typos and other words. Like a word rather than a word called typo; It's a word, but improper words here are called different words. Generally speaking, typos mainly refer to typos.
There is also a kind of writing mistakes, that is, the use of foreign letters and the mistakes of Chinese pinyin. Common mistakes are: mixing letters of various languages; Capitals and italics do not conform to the specifications; Chinese Pinyin violates the basic rules of orthography of Chinese Pinyin, and the tone is marked incorrectly.
2. Text error. Common mistakes in using words are: (1) improper use of words; (2) There is no distinction between praise and criticism; (3) The selection of heteromorphic words does not meet the standard; (4) coinage; (5) Misuse idioms.
3. Grammatical errors. Including lexical errors and syntactic errors.
Common vocabulary mistakes are: (1) improper use of nouns, verbs and adjectives; (2) The quantitative expression is confusing; (3) the reference is unknown; (4) Improper use of adverbs, prepositions and conjunctions.
Common syntactic errors are: (1) improper collocation; (2) Redundant or incomplete components; (3) Improper word order; (4) Mixed sentences; (5) fuzziness; (6) Unreasonable.
4. Misuse of numbers. The Regulation on the Use of Numbers in Publications (GB/T 15835─ 1995) is a national standard to judge whether numbers are used correctly or wrongly, but there are different requirements for different types of books: (1) The Regulation on the Use of Numbers in Publications does not apply to literary works and rearranged ancient books; (2) The use of Arabic numerals requires "appropriateness" and "regional unity"; (3) Sci-tech books must strictly follow the standards of Regulations on the Use of Numbers in Publications.
5. Punctuation error. Usage of Punctuation Symbols (GB/T 15834─ 1995) is the national standard to judge whether punctuation symbols are correct or not. There are two kinds of punctuation marks: dot (7) and punctuation (9). The common punctuation errors are mainly the misuse of the dot: (1) there is no period in the sentence; (2) No comma is used where the sentence should pause, and comma is misused where it should not pause; (3) Misuse of pause between non-coordinate words, misuse of pause between non-coordinate words, and use of pause at different levels lead to structural level confusion; (4) Misuse of semicolons, such as misuse of semicolons between coordinate words, misuse of semicolons between clauses of non-coordinate single-sentence repeated sentences, misuse of semicolons between the first-level coordinate clauses, and misuse of semicolons in two independent sentences that should be separated by periods; (5) If there is a question, there is no doubt that the question mark is misused; (6) There are exclamations but no exclamations; (7) The whole quotation mistakenly puts the period outside the quotation marks, and the non-whole quotation mistakenly puts the period inside the quotation marks. (8) Misuse of Arabic numerals by two numbers representing divisors or misuse of pauses between two Chinese characters.
6. Wrong use of quantity and unit. Except for ancient books and literary books, all publications, especially textbooks and scientific and technological books, should comply with the national standard Quantity and Unit (GB 3 100 ~ 3 102-93) issued by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision when using quantity and unit name, symbols and writing rules. Common mistakes in the use of quantity and unit are: (1) the name of quantity is not standardized; (2) The symbol of quantity is not standardized; (3) The company name is wrongly written; (4) The writing and use of Chinese symbols in the unit are inaccurate; (5) mistakes in writing and using international symbols; (6) The writing and use of 6)SI prefix symbols are incorrect; (7) Errors caused by the combination of China symbols and international symbols; (eight) using the name of an illegal unit or an abandoned unit; (9) In the chart, when the numerical value of quantity is expressed in a specific unit, the standardized representation is not adopted; (10) Mathematical formulas and symbols are not written or used correctly.
7. The layout format is wrong. Common errors in layout format are: (1) the specifications and styles are inconsistent; (2) The related projects are inconsistent; (3) The texts and tables are not connected and matched; (4) The typesetting formats of various attachments and texts are not standardized.
8. The facts are wrong. Common mistakes are: incorrect facts; Wrong age; The information is wrong.
9. Knowledge error. Attention should be paid to preventing general intellectual mistakes, especially pseudoscience and anti-science.
10. Political error. Attention should be paid to preventing mistakes in political positions, viewpoints, tendencies, directions and policies.
proofread
How are you?
According to the original manuscript and design requirements, check and mark the typographical errors on the proof. Proofreading is also used to refer to the person in charge of proofreading, also known as proofreader.
Proofreading in Literati's Works
Shen Ming Defu's Compilation, Writing and Engraving of Wild Goods in Chinese Studies: "In recent years, the invitation of the North Supervisor to reprint the twenty-first history can be described as a grand event, but the proofreading is reckless and there are many mistakes."
Zhu Gui, Lu, Weng Fanggang, etc. I was ordered to stay in the East Pavilion in imperial academy.
Ba Jin's Cold Night Five: "He just proofreads word for word mechanically."
The importance of proofreading
Proofreading is an important link to ensure the quality of periodicals, and it is the continuation and supplement of editing work. Proofreading must be highly responsible, careful and meticulous, and establish a rigorous and meticulous style.
1. According to the manuscript, check and clear the errors in the proof.
2. Correct the inaccurate expressions and words left in political thought and science.
3. Clear the mistakes and faults left by grammar and rhetoric.
4. Clear the typos.
5. Solve and eliminate any doubts.
Second, grasp the proofreading standards
1. The editor is responsible for the organization and implementation of proofreading and printing, sending and receiving manuscripts and samples in time, and making business contact with the printing factory.
2. Proofreading shall be based on the original manuscript, and proofs shall not be added or deleted at will. If errors are found in the manuscript, omissions and errors in editing will be dealt with by the editor. If the author proposes a revision, try to adhere to the principle of fixed layout and fixed number of words to reduce the trouble of revision.
3. Accurately use proofreading symbols, eliminate typos, fill in omissions, correct layout errors, and strictly implement the system of three proofreading and proofreading to ensure the quality of periodicals.
4. Proofreading is mainly based on proofreading and folding. According to the actual situation, some manuscripts are proofread once by the author, and the format and quality are rechecked once by the editor after proofreading.
5. Pay attention to the standard and beautiful layout and reasonable typesetting when proofreading. The proofreading error rate should be kept below two ten thousandths.
Third, follow the proofreading procedure and cross the three-proofreading system
1. Proofreading once (the author and the responsible editor proofread once at a time): Focus on proofreading the manuscript, try to make the proofreading consistent with the manuscript, correct the layout errors, and mark the places in doubt. Read it through after school. The author was asked not to make major changes to the manuscript.
2. Second proofreading (the responsible editor and the executive editor proofread once each time): When proofreading, make sure that the mistakes made in the first proofreading have been corrected, correct the layout errors, deal with the problems in the manuscript, fill in the blanks and unify the style.
3. Three proofreading (editing and proofreading once): when proofreading, make sure that the mistakes made in the second proofreading have been corrected, comprehensively check the proofs, clear up the mistakes and determine the typesetting format.
4. Proofreading: Check the mistakes of three proofreaders, and finally proofread the article and layout to ensure that the proofs are correct.
5. Proofread the signature. Proofreaders should sign each proof and indicate the proofreading number to prevent mistakes.
6. Responsible for editing the manuscript and three proofs, reading the proofs and looking for mistakes. After reading the sample, scan it roughly to check whether there are any typos or missing words, whether the tables and illustrations conform to the specifications, and whether the fonts and font sizes are used correctly.
Fourth, clear proofreading content.
1. Check for errors such as redundancy, missing, typos and punctuation marks; Check the title, signature, name, place, number and formula in the text.
2. Check the layout, format, chart position and table title, graphic title, font, font size, kerning and line spacing.
3. Check the position, level and occupation changes, notes, references and serial numbers of book titles, and check the consistency of Chinese and English catalogues and page numbers with articles.
4. Check the contents and the corresponding page number, publication eyebrow, page number sequence, copyright, text, serial number, year and month number on the front cover, second cover, third cover and back cover.
What is English proofreading? Is to see if there are any mistakes in English words, grammar, etc.
What is proofreading? Not just reading an article. Not just the wrong words. That's what I do.
A qualified book must be proofread at least three times (proofread once, print a sample book and repeat it three times), from punctuation to style, which is annoying.
What is responsible proofreading? The responsible proofreader should be responsible for the technical arrangement of proofreading manuscripts to ensure the standardization and unity of style. Specific work includes: checking related words (checking main logo words, checking contents, checking headers, checking serial numbers, and checking echo contents), checking formats (checking graphic format and position, checking title system, checking pictures, tables, formulas, checking quotations and annotations, checking all proofs, checking formats), handling titles, checking pictures, sorting tables, checking proofreading places, and checking.
What does proofreading mean? Female proofreading
1. Calibration according to the original file.
2. A person who specializes in proofreading.
What does inventory proofreading mean? It should refer to the inventory file point, which checks the quantity of items in the account book with the quantity in the actual warehouse.
What does proofreading mean? The process of typing and printing. After the manuscript is entered into the computer, check it again to make sure there are no typos.
What does proofreading mean in Japanese? Is there a word proofreading in Japanese? I haven't seen it in my memory, nor have I looked it up in the dictionary.
For proofreading in Chinese, Japanese is written as "correction".
What a proofreader does is to check the typo and word order of an article, plus typesetting.