/kloc-at the beginning of the 0/9th century, the public libraries that rose in the capitalist society were established and developed. It is open to all residents free of charge, funded by taxes from administrative agencies at all levels, and its establishment and management are guaranteed by law. The popularization of public libraries is an outstanding achievement of modern librarianship. At the same time, modern university libraries, professional libraries and other types have also developed greatly.
After 1970s, American librarianship began to enter the advanced ranks in the world. The librarianship in Europe, especially in Britain, France, Switzerland, Germany and Russia, has also made remarkable progress. The library industry is becoming more and more active in the world, and the International Literature Federation, the International Library Association and the Institutional Federation have all been established. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, under the influence of the Reform Movement of 1898, some more enlightened reformers demanded the opening of public libraries. In the early days, most public libraries evolved from library buildings. 1902, Xu Shulan of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province built the Gu Yue Library herself, which was officially opened in 1904. Hunan Library and Hubei Library have also been established. Beijing Library, the predecessor of the National Library of China, started to build in 19 10, and officially opened in 19 12.
The appearance of modern university library is earlier than that of modern public library. Founded by China people themselves, represented by the library of Shi Jing University Hall (predecessor of Peking University) established by 1902; The missionary university library founded by foreigners in China was first established in 1894.
The Revolution of 1911 and the May 4th Movement injected new vitality into the construction of modern libraries in China. From 1920s to 1930s, the library industry developed rapidly. According to statistics, from 65438 to 0930, there were 2935 libraries of all kinds in China, and from 65438 to 0936, there were 565438 to 096. The National Beiping Library, formerly known as Shi Jing Library, merged with Beihai Library in 1929, with a collection of more than 500,000 volumes. The popular libraries in this period were changed into public education libraries, and according to the statistics of 1935, there were as many as 1225.
From 65438 to 0937, the Japanese began to invade China on a large scale. Numerous libraries were destroyed in the war, and the development of library cause suffered serious setbacks.
After the May 4th Movement, some progressive libraries appeared in China. Under the influence of Li Dazhao, progressive students in Beijing set up the Library of Kang Mu Yi Zhai, which contains many Marxist books. 192 1, an "exchange library" appeared in Shanghai. With the concern of Deng Zhongxia, Li and others, workers' libraries and workers' newspapers and reading rooms have also been established in various places. In later Soviet areas and liberated areas, the revolutionary government established professional libraries such as Sun Yat-sen Library, Lu Xun Library and Central Library. The revolutionary and progressive libraries established in the Kuomintang-controlled areas, such as Yimin Library in Peking University and China Amateur Library in Shanghai, have played a certain role in arousing people's consciousness.
Since the establishment of 1949 People's Republic of China (PRC), China's library industry has entered a brand-new development period. Ancient libraries originated from slave society and matured in feudal society. The circulation of documents is small and relatively closed, which is the product of agricultural civilization. Modern library is the product of industrial civilization, and its purpose is to pay equal attention to the collection and utilization of documents, but mainly to utilization; In management, a set of scientific methods from collection, classification, cataloging and collection to reading, publicity, borrowing and circulation, reference and information service has gradually formed.
After the Second World War, driven by the world's political, economic and technical forces, the number of publications surged, which prompted the library to strengthen the division of labor and cooperation in procurement and implement the book storage system in the library. With the increasing demand of readers, the library has promoted the system of interlibrary loan, reference service and open-shelf loan. The application and popularization of microfilm technology, xerography technology, audio-visual technology and computer technology in the work have prompted great changes in the cause of library. In order to effectively promote the construction of libraries and give full play to their social functions, governments all over the world have taken measures to amend the library law, promote the standardization of literature work, strengthen the training and education of librarians and expand the scope of library resources.
Modern library is the product of the information age. It has developed from a relatively closed system of collecting, sorting and utilizing documents to an all-round and open information system which mainly transmits document information. The wide application of computer technology, high-density storage technology and data communication technology in library work, as well as their mutual combination, is strongly changing the face of library work and even affecting its historical process.
Especially in today's highly developed world, the digital library is gradually being built, and the new library will show the breath of the elite era running away from the forefront of the times.