"Glue column drum", "glue" and "drum" are "nouns used flexibly as verbs". For example, Collection of Ancient and Modern Books, Complete Collection of Medical Department, and Treatise on Various Medicines: "Li Dongyuan's medicine is like a new stringed instrument, with a drum, a plastic column that is harmonious with it, and seven strings that are just but not harmonious."
The noun "song, mouth and tongue" is used flexibly as the verb "sing and speak". "It's not a shame to ask for directions" is a conative usage of adjectives, which means: it's not a shame to ask for directions; Think that ancient times are correct and modern times are wrong; Don't think it's thousands of miles away.
"Sweet if meat", "sweet" is a conative usage, "think sweet if meat". Fan Zhen's "On the Extinction of this Respect": "The villain is willing to be a long acre, and the gentleman protects his innocence." The word "dry" in the text is a conative usage, "taking pleasure in farming". "Guo Wen flies without seeking a trace" is both avoidance and rhetorical reuse. "Wen Guo" and "Shi Fei", "teacher training" and "teacher training" are synonymous. "Writing and decoration, tossing and turning, searching and searching, tracing and tracing" are all evasive words.
"Good and bad, sweet and bitter, light and heavy, existence and death" are antonyms, and the semantics are biased towards the words "good, bitter, heavy and dead".
The words "wind and rain, eyes and ears, frost and itching" in Rain and Frost are irrelevant to people's eyes and ears are a word that is repeatedly used in the same kind and has a semantic bias: "wind, eyes, ice and pain". An idiom can contain a variety of grammatical phenomena, ranging from three to five to more than a dozen. For example:
The original meaning of "Mo Du Yu Ye" is that no one threatens or hurts me. Now it means you can do whatever you want without fear. In the twenty-eighth year of Zuo Zhuan's reign, the marquis of Jin heard about it and was overjoyed. He said, "There is no poison!" This idiom contains five grammatical phenomena. (1) negative adverb. The negative adverb "mo" means "nobody" and "don't"; (2) pronouns. Yu, the first personal pronoun, means "I"; (3) Verbs and predicates. Poison, harm, predicate verb. (4) interjections. Also, interjections can be translated into "le", "ah" and "ya" without translation; (5) Preposition object. Mo, prepositional object, in negative sentences, the pronoun object "Yu" is placed before the predicate "poison", which means "Mo". In the idiom "people don't care about drugs", "people" is a rhetorical metonymy, and the whole generation refers to some people and their masters; Yu is the first person pronoun "I".
"If the skin doesn't exist, how can the hair be attached" means: If the skin doesn't exist, how can the hair be attached? Metaphor things can't exist out of thin air. This idiom contains ten grammatical phenomena in ancient Chinese. (1) allusion. Ming quotations in rhetorical allusions, the text "Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong Fourteen Years": "If the skin does not exist, Mao will be safe (attached)?" Later, it was called "if the skin does not exist, the hair will be attached." Introduction to Treatise on Febrile Diseases: "I can't help sighing for his talent and ability when I look at Yue's diagnosis and look at Hou's complexion. Blame people who live in the world today for not paying attention to medicine, seriously studying prescriptions, treating their loved ones' diseases in the first place, saving the poor and helping the poor in the second place, and taking care of themselves in the second place; However, for honor, corporate heel power, cumin, only fame and fortune is business; Worship its end, suddenly abandon its base, China outside and strain its inside, skin does not exist, hair will be attached to it? Zhang replied to the Dream Temple: "If you don't give instructions, you will waste your words. If the skin does not exist, how can the hair be attached? "Yao's Li Zicheng, Volume II, Chapter 32:" If our country is in danger, won't you lose everything? If the skin does not exist, the hair will be attached! " (2) rhetorical questions. Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric This is a question, which means: rhetoric, rhetoric, rhetoric, rhetoric, rhetoric, rhetoric, rhetoric, rhetoric, rhetoric, rhetoric, rhetoric, rhetoric, rhetoric, rhetoric, rhetoric. It belongs to interrogative sentences, that is, sentences that ask questions. "An" and "Yan" both indicate interrogative tone. (4) Nouns and subjects. "Skin" and "hair" are nouns as subjects. (5) Verbs and predicates. "Cun" is an automatic word (intransitive verb) and "Fu" is an alternative verb (transitive verb), both of which are predicates. (6) negative adverbs. "Bu" is a negative adverb that modifies the predicate verb "Cun". (7) Structural auxiliary words. "Zhi" is a structural auxiliary word. Subject+Zhi+Predicate, "Zhi" is used between the subject and the predicate as a sign to cancel the independence of the sentence without translation. There are two situations, one is to make the subject and predicate a structural component of a single sentence, and the other is to make the subject and predicate a clause with infinite semantics. "Pi does not exist" belongs to the second case. The subject "Pi" and the predicate "nonexistence" can form the sentence "Pi does not exist" separately, in which "Zhi" is used, which makes the subject-predicate structure sentence endless in semantics and becomes a clause, so the clause "Mao must be attached" is introduced later. (8) Time adverbs. "Jiang" is an adverb of time, which means Jiang. (9) interrogative words. "An" and "Yan" are interrogative words, usually asking the place and sometimes asking the reason. They are translated into "where", "where" and "how". Ann is often used as adverbial and object, and Yan is often used as adverbial. (10) prepositional object. "Yan Fu" is a prepositional object. In interrogative sentences, interrogative pronouns are often placed before predicates. The interrogative pronoun "Yan" as the object is placed before the predicate "Attached", which means "Attached". Hey, where; Attach, attach. It means: where can hair grow without skin?
A dog barks at the shape and a hundred dogs barks at the sound. A dog barks at the sight of a shadow, and many dogs bark with it, indicating that they don't know the truth and agree. This idiom contains ten grammatical phenomena. (1) numeral adverbial. Count "one" and "one hundred" as adverbials. (2) imaginary number. "Hundred" is an imaginary number, indicating a sufficient number, or a majority, which means a majority here. (3) ellipsis. The omitted quantifier "only" should be "one" and "hundred". (4) Noun subject. "Dog" is both a noun and a subject. (5) Predicate verbs. "Bark" is a verb as the predicate. (6) Oral usage. "Bark shape" and "bark" are used for verbs, bark for shapes and bark for sounds. (7) Preposition ellipsis. It can also be understood that the preposition "one" is omitted before "Xing, Sheng". The verb "bark" is used as an adverbial and the predicate "pictophonetic sound" because of pictophonetic sound. A dog barks with its shape and a hundred dogs bark with its voice, which means that a dog barks with its shape and a hundred dogs bark with its voice. (9) supplement. The object-object phrases "Yi" and "Yi" serve as complements of the intransitive verb "Bark" and become adverbials in translation. (10) layered delivery. One dog barks and a hundred dogs barks, which is a layer of rhetoric.
Most idioms contain at least two or three grammatical phenomena, such as:
"It takes ten years to plant trees and a hundred years to educate people" means that it only takes ten years to plant trees, but it takes more years to train talents. This idiom contains more than three grammatical phenomena, mainly: (1) quantifier. "Ten years" and "hundred years" are quantifiers. (2) Nouns are used flexibly as verbs. "Tree" is a noun and can be used flexibly as a verb "cultivate". (3) layered delivery. "It takes ten years to plant trees and a hundred years to educate people" is a rhetorical layer.
The narrowing of the meaning of "falling apart" (1). "Tile" means narrowing the scope of meaning. In ancient times, the meaning of words was very broad, generally referring to pottery products, such as jars; The modern meaning is narrow, especially the tiles on the house. (2) Original meaning and extended meaning. The original meaning of "solution" is judgment, which means separation, separation and re-separation. Expand to division and disintegration. (3) "Soil and tile" is a noun, which can be flexibly used as an adverbial to express comparison, such as "soil collapse and tile decomposition"; Metaphor is the division of things, completely defeated and out of control. "Guiguzi Reaches the Mountain": "The monarch and the minister are confused, and the earth collapses and shoots at each other." Historical Records of Qin Shihuang: "The accumulation and decline of Qin Dynasty led to the collapse of the world."
"Curse with Words and Brush" (1) "Mouth and Brush" is a tool and way for nouns to act as adverbials. (2) Synonyms of "criticism and cutting" are synonymous in rhetoric; (3) Speech criticism is the mutual preparation in rhetoric, which refers to speech criticism.
"Use words carefully" (1) "Words and sentences" is a noun, used as an adverbial to indicate enumeration, which means: every word and every sentence. (2) Devotion and consideration are rhetorical evasions; (3) The choice of words and sentences is a rhetorical supplement, which means that every word has been taken into account.
Figuratively speaking, "fighting south and fighting north" is a preparation for each other, which means "fighting south and fighting north". The noun "South and North" is used as an adverbial to indicate the position and trend, and the North and South are at war.
Romantic Love not only shows metonymy in rhetoric, but also shows the complexity in rhetoric. According to the order of "spring, summer, autumn and winter", it should be: wind, flowers and snow, and the wrong order here is "wind, flowers, snow and moon". To show the vividness of the statement.
"Sink the fish and fall into the wild goose" is an inspirational method to make the fish sink into the fish and fall into the wild goose. At the same time, it also shows rhetorical exaggeration. Beauty can make the fish sink and the goose fall.