According to the different parts of the materials, the functions of the materials used are different, mainly in the following three aspects: (1) The wall decoration of the indoor space is expressed by the texture, lines and colors of the decorative materials. Texture refers to the feeling of material texture, and it is very important to understand people's subjective feelings about materials after use. General decorative materials should be properly selected and processed to meet people's visual aesthetic requirements. But we should also give full play to the advantages of natural materials and create a pure natural decorative beauty. (2) Buildings are often exposed to the sun, rain, wind and freezing during long-term use, and are often eroded by corrosive gases and microorganisms, causing them to pulverize, crack or even fall off, which affects the durability of buildings. Choosing suitable building decoration materials to decorate the building surface can not only play a good decorative role in the building, but also effectively improve the durability of the building and reduce the maintenance cost. (3) Decorative materials not only have decorative and protective functions, but also can improve the indoor environment. For example, the use of gypsum decorative boards for interior walls and ceilings can adjust the relative temperature of indoor air and improve the use environment; Wood floors and carpets can play the role of heat preservation, sound insulation and heat insulation, making people feel warm and comfortable and improving the indoor living environment.
The purpose of human interior design is to create and change the environment, which should be a high degree of harmony and unity between the natural environment and the artificial environment. As interior designers, we should know the varieties, specifications, properties and uses of materials, so as to choose and use materials correctly in our work. However, there are many kinds of materials with different properties and characteristics and different uses. Therefore, the following aspects need to be considered when selecting materials:
First of all, we should consider the types and grades of decoration buildings and indoor spaces. Housing is the main place where people live. People stay at home most of the time except working hours. Therefore, the interior decoration of the house should focus on providing a comfortable environment for people. Other buildings, such as offices, classrooms, libraries, high-end hotels, shopping malls, etc., must have different grades of materials. Granite mirror plate is wear-resistant and has good decorative effect, which is suitable for public areas with many people in high-end hotels, such as halls, corridors and stairs. The living room of a general house is more suitable for laying ceramic floor tiles. The wooden floor is comfortable and warm, suitable for bedroom and living room. Plastic floor is wear-resistant and elastic, suitable for office use; Chemical fiber carpets and blended carpets are non-slip and sound-proof, and their prices are high, so they are suitable for hotels. Pure wool hand-woven carpet is elegant and luxurious, with excellent decorative effect, but it is expensive and only suitable for a few national hotels and conference centers.
Secondly, we should consider the influence of the texture, line type and color of decorative materials on the decorative effect. The texture of the material can produce psychological reaction and cause association. Generally speaking, this psychological induction of materials is very obvious and strong. For example, smooth and delicate materials and elegant emotional tone will definitely give people a cold and arrogant psychological feeling;
Metal can make people feel hard, heavy and cold; Fur and silk are associated with softness, lightness and warmth. Stone can make people feel stable, solid and energetic; However, the unadorned concrete surface is easy to make people feel rough and sloppy. Therefore, when choosing decorative materials, we must correctly grasp the individual characteristics of the materials to make them consistent with the spatial characteristics of decoration, thus giving the materials life.
The scale, line shape and texture of the material will also have an impact on the decorative effect. As far as scale is concerned, the size of the material should be moderate and in line with a certain proportion. For example, marble and colored terrazzo slabs can achieve good results in the hall, but if they are used in the room, they will lose their charm because of their large scale. As far as texture is concerned, we should make full use of the decorative effect of natural patterns, patterns and background colors inherent in the material itself, or use artificial imitation of various patterns and patterns of natural materials to obtain various decorative atmospheres that are elegant, noble or dignified in decoration. As far as line type is concerned, it should be regarded as a part of the overall texture of architectural decoration to some extent. For example, decorating the exterior wall with aluminum alloy special-shaped decorative plates can achieve a linear effect of concave and convex.
The color of exterior wall decoration materials should be considered comprehensively according to the scale, function and environment of the building. Only when the colors inside the building are used reasonably can good physiological and psychological effects be produced. Red, orange and yellow can make people feel warm when they see the sun and flames, so they are called "warm colors"; Green, blue and purple make people think of the sea, blue sky and forest and feel cool, so they are called "cool colors". Warm colors make people feel warm, excited and warm; Cool colors make people feel quiet, elegant and cool. Therefore, in the specific selection, we should consider the influence of material texture, line shape and color on the decorative effect.
Thirdly, the use environment and function of decorative parts should be considered. When ordinary gypsum board ceiling is used in humid environment, the deflection will increase, which will affect the beauty and safety of the ceiling. Therefore, we should switch to moisture-proof gypsum board and choose smaller specifications. Toilets and kitchens have large steam fumes, so glazed tiles with smooth surfaces can be pasted on the walls for cleaning. Plastic wallpaper is a kind of decorative material widely used in indoor walls, but it is rarely used in the interior walls of houses because it is airtight. It is more appropriate to choose wallpaper made of fabric for the living room wall. The living room of southern houses is often paved with ceramic floor tiles, which are clean, beautiful and cool; It is more suitable to choose a wooden floor with certain thermal insulation performance in the cold region of the north. Anti-skid should also be considered on the ground with water, such as the ground in the bathroom. It is best to choose anti-skid ceramic mosaic. In shops and waiting rooms where people are concentrated, colored terrazzo, ceramic floor tiles or granite veneers with good wear resistance should be selected.
It can be seen that when choosing decorative materials, we need to skillfully and reasonably use the texture, line shape and color of materials according to the specific requirements of building types, grades and use parts, so that building decoration can meet certain functions, adapt to certain environments and play the best decorative effect.
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