Marine life refers to all kinds of life in the ocean, including marine animals, marine plants, microorganisms and viruses, among which marine animals include invertebrates and vertebrates. Invertebrates include various snails and shellfish. Vertebrates include various fishes and large marine animals, such as whales and sharks.
Marine life is rich in digestible protein and amino acids. The nutritional value of food protein mainly depends on the composition of amino acids. Marine organisms such as fish, shellfish, shrimp and crab are rich in protein, which is rich in nine kinds of amino acids necessary for human body, especially lysine, which is much higher than plant food and easily absorbed by human body.
Related investigation
After decades of investigation and research by marine scientists and technicians, 20,278 species of marine life have been recorded in the waters under our jurisdiction. These marine organisms belong to 5 biological kingdoms and 44 phyla. Among them, the animal kingdom has the most species (12794), and the kingdom of Monnella has the least species (229). The species of marine life in China accounts for about 10% of the total species of marine life in the world. According to the distribution, marine life in China sea area can be roughly divided into two categories: water marine life and tidal flat marine life. Among the marine life in waters, fish, cephalopods (such as squid, also called cuttlefish), shrimps and crabs are the most important marine life. Among them, the species and quantity of fish are the most, which constitute the main body of marine life in waters. The distribution trend of marine species in the sea area is more in the south and less in the north, that is, there are more species in the South China Sea, but fewer species in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. Species account for about 10% of the total number of species in the world, accounting for 50% in number.
According to the latest survey data, there are more than 1580 kinds of marine life on Chinese beaches. Among them, mollusks (which we usually call shellfish) are the most, with 5 13 species, followed by 358 species of algae and 308 species of crustaceans (mainly what we usually call shrimps and crabs), and there are few other groups. Like the sea area, the species and quantity of life in the coastal beaches of China are gradually increasing from north to south.
Scientists all over the world are currently carrying out an unprecedented cooperation plan to determine and compile a list of all marine life. How many kinds of creatures are there in the ocean? A survey report integrating global sea area data was released. At present, there are 15304 registered marine fish species, and it is estimated that there are about 20,000 marine fish species. At present, there are 265,438+million species of marine life known, and the actual number is estimated to be more than 10 times of this number, that is, 265,438+million species.
The project that scientists are working on is called the Census of Marine Life. It is estimated that it will take 10 years, at least 10 billion dollars. * * * More than 300 scientists from 53 countries will participate in this unprecedented cooperation project, which will allow marine scientists from all corners of the world to cooperate together. Since 2000, an average of three new marine species have been discovered every week. According to the estimation of this research plan, about 5,000 species of marine fish and thousands of other marine life have not been discovered.
The census plan hopes to assess the diversity, geographical distribution and quantity of various marine life and explain how the above situation has changed over time. What is the practical significance of this plan? Marine biological survey can find endangered species and important breeding areas, which is helpful for fishery management agencies to formulate effective sustainable management strategies. With the discovery of thousands of new marine life, scientists will develop new marine drugs and industrial compounds.
Frederick Glassel of Rutgers University, chairman of the scientific committee for the census of marine life, said, "This is the beginning of the first great discovery journey in the 2/kloc-0 century. More importantly, this is the first global effort to measure all kinds of marine life, let us know what we should do to prevent marine life from continuing to disappear. " The ocean is still an unexplored area, and our understanding of the creatures bred in the ocean is extremely limited. Ronald Dole, the chief scientist of the Census of Marine Life, said: "The diversity of marine life is not only an important indicator of the state of the ocean, but also the key to protecting the marine environment."
Marine mammals are a special kind of mammals that adapt to the marine environment, and are usually called marine animals. There are 39 kinds of marine animals in China.
The King of Animals-Blue Whale
The blue whale is the largest known animal in the world, with a blue-gray body. At present, the time for catching the largest blue whale is 1904, near the Falkland Islands in the Atlantic Ocean. This blue whale is 33.5 meters long and weighs 195 tons, which is equivalent to the weight of 35 elephants. Its tongue weighs about 3 tons, its heart weighs 700 kilograms, its lung weighs 1500 kilograms, its total blood weighs about 8 tons to 9 tons, and its intestines are half a mile long. Such a big body can only live in the vast ocean.
Diving champion-sperm whale
Sperm whales are heavy-headed and light-tailed, just like a giant tadpole. The head occupies a third of the whole body and looks like a big box. The nose is also very special, only the left nostril is smooth, located in the upper left front; The right nostril is blocked, so when it exhales, the fog column is sprayed to the left and front at an angle of 45. Although the sperm whale's teeth are more than 20 centimeters long, with 40 to 50 teeth on each side, only the mandible has teeth, while the maxilla has only holes "pierced" by the mandibular teeth. However, sperm whales are very different from blue whales. It is very interested. Once its prey is bitten, it is difficult to get away. Its favorite food is the deep sea king squid, so it "trained" a good diving skill.
Of all cetaceans, sperm whales dive the deepest, reaching 2200 meters. Sperm whales have high economic value. There is a special whale wax oil in the huge "head box" In the past, people mistakenly thought that it flowed out of the brain, so it was called "brain oil", but it had nothing to do with the brain. This is a very useful lubricating oil, and many precision instruments, such as watches, astronomical clocks and even rockets, cannot do without it. The head of a large sperm whale can hold a ton of this oil. The famous Long Xianxiang is a foreign body in the intestine of this whale, and it is an excellent fragrance retention agent, hence the name of the sperm whale.
A violent killer whale
Black whales also belong to toothed whales. It is nearly 10 meter long and weighs 7 ~ 8 tons. The female is a little smaller, also 6 ~ 8 meters.
Black whales are bold, cunning, cruel and greedy, and they are "lawless thugs" in the vast ocean. The English name of killer whale means killer whale. Many people have witnessed the thrilling scene of killer whales attacking dolphins, sea lions and big whales at sea.
Its side has a white area protruding backward, which makes it unique.
Black whales are strong and agile, and can swim fast, with a speed of 30 nautical miles per hour. When the male whale swims, its dorsal fin is as high as 1.8 meters, which is quite similar to the shape of the ancient weapon-"Ji" standing upright on the sea surface, so the killer whale is also called "killer whale".
Toothed whale.-Toothed whale
The shape of toothed whales varies greatly, with the smallest species being only about 1 m and the largest being more than 20 meters. There are conical teeth in the mouth, but the shape and number of different kinds of teeth are also very different. The least is 1 single tooth, the most is dozens, and some are hidden in gums, so it is also one of the important bases for classification. There are only 1 external nostril, so only one stream of water can be ejected when breathing. The skull is asymmetrical left and right. There are five fingers on the flippers. The sternum is bigger. No collarbone. No cecum. They mainly feed on squid and fish, and some can prey on large animals, such as seabirds, seals and other whales. There are about 34 genera and 72 species of toothed whales belonging to 8 families in the world, including puffer fish, physeteridae, bottlenose dolphins, narwhales, porpoises, dolphins and pilot whales.
Wisdom in the Ocean-Dolphin
Dolphins are also small toothed whales.
After training, dolphins can not only perform various skills, such as heading the ball and drilling the ring of fire ... but also, with the special training of human beings, they can act as human assistants, put on grabbers, dive into the seabed to salvage sunken things, such as rockets and missiles, conduct experiments, or transmit information and tools to people engaged in underwater operations, conduct military reconnaissance, and even act as "death squads", carrying explosives and warheads to attack enemy ships or blow up enemies.
Seals that look like domestic dogs.
Seals are very small, only 1.5m ~ 2.0m long. The maximum individual weight is 150kg, and the female is slightly smaller, weighing about 120kg.
Under natural conditions, seals sometimes wander in the sea and sometimes go ashore to rest. When landing, choose the sandbar in the inner bay and the rocky reef on the shore that can be submerged by high tide. Seals have high diving ability. Generally, you can dive to 100 meters, 300 meters in deep water and last for 23 minutes. Its swimming speed is also very fast, generally up to 27 kilometers per hour. Seals mainly prey on all kinds of fish and cephalopods, and sometimes they also eat crustaceans. It eats a lot. A seal weighing 60-70 kilograms eats 7-8 kilograms of fish a day.
Deep sea fisherman-sea lion
Sea lions roar like lions, and individual species have manes on their necks, which are quite like lions, hence the name. Its four feet are like fins, which is very suitable for swimming in the water.
Sea lions mainly feed on cephalopods such as fish and squid. It has a large appetite, such as the stout northern sea lion, which can feed up to 40 kilograms of fish a day and swallow 1.5 kilograms of big fish at a time under breeding conditions. Under natural conditions, the daily feed intake is 2 ~ 3 times higher than that under feeding conditions.
A Herbivorous Marine Animal-Dugong
Dugong has a marine animal named Dugong, which lives in the coastal areas of China, Guangdong, Guangxi and Taiwan Province provinces. Its name is directly transliterated from Malay, and some people call it "Nanhai Niu". Besides China, dugong is also distributed in some countries around the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Dugong feeds on succulent aquatic plants such as seaweed and aquatic plants, and also eats rushes and grasses containing fibers, but it can basically eat all aquatic plants.
reptile
Reptiles are warm-blooded animals covered with horny scales and breed on land. Among them, there are 24 species of sea turtles and sea snakes related to the sea in China.
the Indian Ocean
Sea snake is a poisonous snake that lives in the sea. The nostrils of sea snakes are upward and have valves that can be opened and closed. After inhaling air, it can close its nostrils and dive into the water 10 minutes. There are 19 species of sea snakes in China, which are widely distributed in the coastal areas of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Zhejiang, Shandong, Liaoning and other provinces. Common ones are blue-ringed sea snake, flat-headed sea snake and long-nosed sea snake. Sea snakes can be used as medicine, and have the effects of expelling wind and relieving pain, promoting blood circulation and dredging collaterals, nourishing and strengthening the body.
An ancient and tenacious turtle
Turtles are the general term for turtles. There are 5 species of sea turtles living in China's oceans (only 7 species in the world), mainly distributed in Xisha Islands and Huidong Port of Guangdong Province.
Turtles are the largest reptiles in the marine world today. Among them, the largest individual is leatherback turtle. It can be up to 2.5 meters long and weighs about 1000 kg, so it is called the King of Tortoise.
A wide variety of marine fish.
Fish is the lowest vertebrate. At present, 3023 species of marine fish have been recorded in China's sea areas, including 237 species of cartilaginous fish and 2786 species of bony fish, accounting for about 1/7 of all marine life species in China. Therefore, marine fish constitute an important foundation of marine aquaculture in China.
Fish that can climb trees
The mudskipper is about 10 cm long, with a slightly flat side. The eyes above the head are like those of a frog, and the field of vision is wide. Its gill cavity is very large, and its gill cover is sealed, which can store a lot of air. The epidermis in the cavity is covered with vascular network and plays a role in breathing. Its skin is also covered with blood vessels, and blood can directly exchange gas with air through extremely thin skin. Its tail fin is not only a fin in water, but also an auxiliary respiratory organ. These unique physiological phenomena enable them to live in the air for a long time without water. In addition, the left and right ventral fins of the mudskipper are fused into a sucker shape, which can be adsorbed on other objects. The developed pectoral fin is arm-shaped, much like the appendage of higher animals. When it is attacked by the enemy, it moves faster than people walk. In order to catch food at low tide, mudskippers living in tropical areas often jump around on the beach and prefer to climb to the roots of mangroves to catch insects. Therefore, people call it a "tree-climbing fish".
Fish that can generate electricity and emit electric waves.
There is a torpedo that can generate electricity in the vast ocean, and its generator is mutated from branchial muscles. There is an oval honeycomb generator on the back of the head and the pectoral fin on the shoulder. The most basic structure of each power generation organ is a small plate-electric plate (fibrous tissue). About 40 electric plates overlap up and down to form a hexagonal cylindrical tube with 600 tubes on each side, which is called an electric function tube. It is filled with colloid, so it is translucent and milky white to the naked eye, which is obviously different from the surrounding pink muscles. One side of each plate with nerve endings is a negative electrode and the other side is a positive electrode. The current direction is from the abdomen to the back, and the discharge amount is 70 volts to 80 volts, sometimes reaching 100 volts, and the discharge is 150 times per second. When people dissected torpedoes, they found that eels, flounders and salmon were intact in their stomachs. This is because torpedoes expel active fish and then swallow them. Therefore, torpedoes are known as "underwater electric shock hands".
A fish that can make a sound.
Many fish make all kinds of amazing sounds. For example, Ji Kang eel will make a "woof" sound; The electric catfish sounds like a cat's anger; Box bream can make dogs bark. Rock fish is famous for its beautiful sounds, such as rolling, drumming, hummingbirds flying, cats meowing and whistling. Their calls are particularly common in breeding and are aimed at clustering.
Most of the sounds made by fish are caused by bone friction and contraction of swim bladder, and some are made by breathing or anal exhaust.
Ocean overlord-shark
In the vast ocean, sharks known as the "sea overlord" are all over the world, and there are more than 70 species in the China Sea (about 350 species in the world). Most sharks are beneficial and harmless to human beings, and only more than 30 kinds of sharks will attack humans and ships for no reason. Sharks have a bad reputation for eating people, but not all sharks eat people.
Sharks usually only eat live food, and sometimes they eat carrion. The food is mainly fish.
Coral fish's color and camouflage of survival
The beautiful coral reefs attract many marine animals to settle here. According to scientists' estimation, a coral reef can support 400 kinds of fish. In the complex marine environment where the law of the jungle prevails, the discoloration and camouflage of coral fish are aimed at making their body color similar to the surrounding environment, reaching the point of being confused with the surrounding objects, and winning their place in the tenacious competition of hundreds of millions of creatures.
Arthropods with helmets and armor
Arthropods are the largest kind of animals, accounting for about 85% of more than 654.38+0 million known animals. This animal's body is divided into three parts: head, chest and abdomen, and its appendages are segmented, hence the name arthropod. At present, 4362 species of arthropods have been recorded in China Sea, accounting for 1/5 of all marine life species in China Sea.
Limulus, a living fossil of arthropods
Horseshoe crab, horseshoe crab, looks like both shrimp and crab. It is an animal as old as a trilobite (now there are only fossils).
Horseshoe crabs have four eyes. There are two small eyes of 0.5 mm at the front end of the head breastplate, which are the most sensitive to ultraviolet rays, indicating that these eyes are only used to perceive brightness. There are a pair of big compound eyes on both sides of horseshoe crab breastplate, and each eye consists of several small eyes. It is found that the compound eye of horseshoe crab has a lateral inhibition phenomenon, which can make the image of the object clearer. This principle has been applied to TV and radar systems, which improves the clarity of TV imaging and the display sensitivity of radar. Therefore, this ancient animal, unknown for hundreds of millions of years, has become a striking "star" in modern bionics.
The blood of horseshoe crab contains copper ions, and the blood is blue. This blue blood extract-"limulus lysate" can accurately and quickly detect whether the internal tissues of human body are caused by bacterial infection; In pharmaceutical and food industries, it can be used to monitor toxin pollution.
In addition, the meat and eggs of horseshoe crabs are edible.
Fresh meat shrimp and crab
Shrimp and crab are another family of arthropods, all of which belong to the Decapoda of Crustacea. These animals are closely related to human beings, and some of them are the main aquaculture or fishing objects, especially shrimp, lobster and crab, which account for a considerable output in China's marine fishery catch, especially shrimp, hairy shrimp and swimming crab, with rich nutrition, high output value and more important status. There are many kinds of shrimps and crabs in China. Through a lot of investigation and study, about 1000 species have been found, including more than 400 species of shrimp and more than 600 species of crab.
There are also many kinds of crabs living in the sea of China, such as the tender and delicious Portunus crab, the sand crab that walks like a fly, the coconut crab that can climb trees, and the Guan Gong crab that looks like Guan Gong's face with nail grooves on its back. However, the king of crabs is a tall crab living in the Sea of Japan and the Bering Sea. The body of the high-legged crab is more than 30 centimeters long, one leg is about 1.5 meters, and the legs on both sides are almost 4 meters straight and weigh about 7 kilograms. It is the largest crab in the world.
Fiddler crab with changing body color
. The two claws of a crab are very asymmetrical. One is thick and big, and the other is thin and small. Whenever the tide recedes, it climbs out of the cave and runs back and forth on the beach above the water for food. Whenever the tide rolls up and is about to submerge the nest, it hides in the cave again, holding its strong paws high at the mouth of the cave as if waving to welcome the arrival of the tide, so people call it "fiddler crab". The body color of this crab can change day and night. During the day, it is dark. If you look at it under a microscope, you can see that the pigment in its cells spreads around, just like a big black umbrella. At night, the pigment particles shrink into a ball, so the body becomes pale and blue-gray.
Shrimp and crab good at camouflage
In the intertidal zone by the sea, you can often catch a kind of crab. Its head and breastplate look like Guan Gong's face in Beijing Opera, and its name is Guan Gong Crab. Guan Gong crab often grabs stones or leaves to cover its body, so as to cleverly disguise itself and avoid the enemy.
Spider crabs are ugly. Why wear some gorgeous flowers on the breastplate or big pincers? No, that's not a flower. That is a kind of anemone, commonly known as "sea chrysanthemum". Spider crabs rely on poisonous anemones on their tentacles to protect themselves from enemies and beautify their ugly bodies.
There is a sponge that often attaches to the shell of hermit crab. There are shells everywhere in Shanghai, leaving only the mouth of the shell for hermit crabs to enter and leave freely, relying on the stench secreted by this sponge to defend against the enemy.
Colorful mollusks
In the underwater world, there is an animal that can build a house for itself. They can secrete lime from their bodies and use it as building materials to build "houses" for their homes. These animals are shellfish. Because their bodies are soft, they belong to mollusks. The "houses" they built were those colorful shells. There are many kinds of mollusks, which are the second door in the animal kingdom after arthropods. * * * is divided into 7 classes, namely Echinosaurus, Monoptera, Polypodia, Bivalves, Gastropoda, Digpoda and Cephalopoda. Except Acanthoptera and Monoptera, the other five classes are distributed in Haidu, China. At present, there are 2557 species of molluscs recorded in China Sea, accounting for more than 1/8 of all marine life species in China Sea.
[invertebrate] the stone turtle (equal to sea crab)
Soft-shelled turtle belongs to the primitive type of shellfish in polypod, and its color is the same as that of rock, and its shape is a bit like tide insects on land. Other shellfish have either one or two shells outside their bodies, but on the back of the turtle's body, there is a group of shells made up of eight calcareous shells arranged in shingles. Around these shells, there are many small scales, small needles and horny hairs on the surface of the mantle. So its back is like a warrior in armor, and it is difficult for other animals to invade it.
There are many kinds of turtles, which are distributed in the oceans all over the world. They usually live on rocky coasts with normal seawater salinity or at the bottom of the ocean with high salinity.
The body of stone turtles is generally very small, and the body length of common species in China is about 2 ~ 3 cm. Turtles are primitive types of shellfish, so they have certain significance in scientific research.
Freshwater razor clam
On the mudflats along the coast, there is a kind of bivalve called "Meretrix meretrix". It likes to live near the estuary where fresh water flows. It is a common mollusk along the coast of China.
Kun Kun's two water pipes are very developed. It relies entirely on these two water pipes to keep in touch with the seawater on the beach, suck in food and fresh seawater from the water inlet pipe, and discharge waste and sewage from the drainage pipe. SINONOVACULA constricta lives by digging holes in soft mud beach, and its latent depth changes with the seasons: it is warm and shallow in summer; It's cold in winter and it lurks deep. Usually, the latent depth is about 5 ~ 6 times of the body length, and the deepest can reach 40 cm, which is about 10 times of the body length. If we see two small holes not far apart on the beach, and a touch of a long hook can spray a little seawater, then there must be a clam under them. These two small holes are where the two water pipes extend. The size of SINONOVACULA constricta can be calculated by the distance between two small holes, and its body length is about 2.5 ~ 3 times of the distance between two small holes.
sea hare
There is a kind of seafood called seafood powder, which is not only a good medicine for diminishing inflammation and reducing fever, but also rich in nutrition, and is a popular food loved by residents in the southeast coast of China. What is sea powder? It turned out to be an egg laid by a shellfish, a sea rabbit.
From the appearance, the shape of the sea rabbit is really like a rabbit, so it is named. Sea rabbit is a kind of shellfish that lives in shallow water. It likes to live in a bay with clear seawater and gentle tide, and it is most common among algae near the low tide line. They feed on all kinds of algae, and their body colors and patterns are very similar to their habitats, so they can hide their enemies well. In particular, sea rabbits have good adaptability to the colors of the surrounding environment. Soon after it eats some seaweed, it can quickly become the color of this seaweed. For example, there is a sea rabbit that feeds on red algae when it is young, and its body color is rosy; When I was big, the body that ate kelp turned brown, and the body that ate fucus turned brown-green.
A wide variety of echinoderms
When you walk between rocks and seaweed on the seashore, you can see some coastal animals, such as starfish, sea urchins and sea cucumbers. These animals are also called echinoderms because they have many spinous processes of different lengths on their body surfaces.
Echinoderm's body structure is interesting, all of which are radial symmetry, mainly five radial symmetry. Echinoderms are all seafood, which can't be found on land or in fresh water. Up to now, there are about 600 echinoderms recorded in China waters. Here are some starfish, sea urchins and sea cucumbers.
A starfish appears in two places at the same time.
Starfish is a kind of echinoderms, divided into two families: petrel and starfish, but it is commonly known as starfish or "star fish".
Starfish, sea cucumbers and sea urchins belong to echinoderms. They usually have five wrists, but there are also four or six, and some have as many as 40 wrists. There are four rows of pins under these wrists. Using pins can not only catch prey, but also let yourself climb on rocks. Sea star has thousands of tube feet. Starfish's mouth is in the middle of its lower body, which can directly contact the surface of the object that starfish has climbed. Starfish vary in size, ranging from 2.5 cm to 90 cm, and their body colors are different. Almost every one is different, and the most common colors are orange, red, purple, yellow and cyan.
Starfish are mainly distributed in shallow seabed sand or rocks all over the world, which is no stranger to us. However, we know little about its ecology. Starfish doesn't look like an animal, and from its appearance and slow movement, it is hard to imagine that starfish is a greedy carnivore, which plays an unusually important role in marine ecosystem and biological evolution. This is why it is widely distributed in the world.
Starfish feed on shellfish. When starfish want to eat mussels, they will first open their shells with powerful suction cups, and then stick out their stomachs to eat mussels. Therefore, the economic value of starfish is not great, and it can only be dried and ground into powder for agricultural fertilizer. Because it preys on shellfish, it is very harmful to shellfish culture.
Starfish are echinoderms that live in the sea. They have strong reproductive ability. There are about 1500 species of starfish in the world, most of which are propagated by in vitro fertilization without mating. The male starfish has a pair of testicles on each wrist. They excrete a lot of sperm into the water, and females also excrete thousands of eggs through the ovaries on both sides of their wrists. Sperm and egg meet in water, complete fertilization and form new life. From fertilized eggs, larvae, that is, small starfish, are born.
In addition, starfish has a special ability-regeneration. Starfish can regenerate naturally after their wrists and body plates are damaged or cut by themselves. Any part of a starfish can be regenerated into a new starfish. Thorny sea urchin
Sea urchin is another member of echinoderms family. It has a round calcareous hard shell and is equipped with hard thorns. For the "residents" living at the bottom of the sea, it is inviolable, and no reckless guy dares to touch it. In southern China, sea urchins are mostly caught in late spring and early summer. Purple sea urchins in Dalian in the north are collected in summer and autumn. At this time, the sea urchin is wrapped in a cavity of orange eggs, and the eggs are arranged in a five-pointed star shape in the hard shell. The eggs of sea urchins are a kind of delicious food with special flavor, and the egg pieces of sea urchins such as Echinococcus guangensis and purple sea urchins are precious sea treasures. However, not all sea urchins are edible, and many species are poisonous. These sea urchins look much more beautiful than nontoxic sea urchins.
Treasure in the sea-sea cucumber
There is an animal like a cucumber at the bottom of the sea rich in algae. They are covered with brown or light green coats and have many prominent thorns. This is the "ginseng" in the sea-sea cucumber. Sea cucumber is a rare sea treasure among echinoderms. There are more than 20 kinds of edible sea cucumbers in China Sea, some of which are expensive, such as Stichopus japonicus, Mume, Pleurotus ostreatus and so on.
On the coast of Shandong Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula in China, there is a kind of sea cucumber called Stichopus japonicus, whose back is covered with large and small conical spines, and it is at the bottom of a rock reef or fine sediment with a depth of 3 meters-15 meters in a calm bay. Stichopus japonicus is one of the most valuable sea cucumbers.
Sea cucumber is not only a delicious food on the table, but also a nutritional tonic, which has a good effect on strengthening physique, preventing diseases, inhibiting tumors and prolonging life.
Clear and transparent coelenterate
Coelenterates belong to lower metazoa in taxonomy. Vertebral cells are unique to coelenterates, which are distributed all over the body surface and have a large number of tentacles, so coelenterates are also called spines. At present, various marine coelenterates have been recorded in China Sea, including 10 10 species. They belong to three classes of coelenterates. The first category is hydra jellyfish, and the typical representative animals are jellyfish and salamanders. There are 456 species recorded in China Sea. The second category is Cephalopod, and the typical representative animal is jellyfish. There are 39 species recorded in China Sea. The third category is coral algae, and the typical representative animals are corals and anemones. There are 5 15 records in China Sea.
Light and elegant jellyfish
In that blue ocean, there are many beautiful and transparent jellyfish floating on the sea like parachutes, and their graceful appearance is amazing.
Beautiful "sea chrysanthemum"
Chrysanthemums on land bloom in autumn, but in the foggy sea, there is an unbeaten "sea chrysanthemum" that blooms all the year round. This is an anemone.
There are thousands of anemones with different shapes, generally cylindrical and brightly colored, and their bases are attached to rocks, shells, gravel or the seabed. At the top of the anemone is a round plate, surrounded by several to thousands of chrysanthemum petal-shaped tentacles, which swing with the waves in the water, opening and closing like flowers.
Colored coral
Corals live in warm seas, crowded and fixed on rocks.
New corals grow on dead coral skeletons, and some grow into dendritic structures with slender and flexible branches. Coral is beautiful in shape: it has antlers; There are trumpet-shaped tubular corals; There are many kinds of Shi Zhi corals such as mushrooms. Colors are orange, pink, light green, purple, blue and white ... colorful. According to the number of tentacles, corals can be divided into two types-eight corals and six corals. Coral tentacles are very small, and they all grow beside the mouth. The "belly" (inner cavity) is divided into several small rooms (digestive cavity), through which seawater brings food into the digestive cavity for absorption. Living corals have the ability to absorb calcium and make bones.
Living corals die, new corals keep growing, and over time, the calcareous bones of dead corals form coral reefs and coral islands.
Rich and colorful marine plants
In the vast and rich ocean, there are many kinds of marine plants besides all kinds of animals. Seaweed is the main body of marine plants and a great natural wealth of human beings. At present, there are more than 100 kinds of algae that can be used as food. Scientists divide algae into planktonic algae and benthic algae according to their living habits.
floating algae
The algae body of phytoplankton consists of only one cell, so it is also called marine unicellular algae. This kind of organism is autotrophic, has chlorophyll, can carry out photosynthesis and produce organic matter. They are the most important primary producers in the ocean, and they are also the bait for cultivating fish, shrimp and shellfish. At present, seven species of phytoplankton 18 17 have been recorded in China Sea.
Benthic algae
Scientists call algae that inhabit the seabed benthic algae. They can adapt to the temporary drought and temporary "freezing" at low tide in winter, and begin to grow and develop normally as soon as the sea water rises. Benthic algae are bright and beautiful in color, including green, brown and red. Scientists divide algae into three categories according to their colors: green algae, brown algae and red algae.
Green algae
The body of green algae is grass green. There are about 6,000 species of green algae, 90% of which are produced in fresh water, and only 10% live on rocks in intertidal or subtidal zones.