A political and religious system reform in ancient times.

The age of ancient history and legends in China;

When there is no written record, history is preserved and circulated by word of mouth. After the characters were widely used, these contents were recorded and became ancient historical legends recorded in the literature. There are rich ancient historical legends in China's ancient literature. Although it is not yet possible to form a strict and complete system of ancient history, from these legends, we can already see what the primitive society in China looked like.

Three Emperors and Five Emperors:

"Three Emperors and Five Emperors" is the general name of emperors in the ancient historical legend era of China. The legend of Huang San has included the main figures of Huang San, including Fu, You Chao, Suirenshi, Shennong and Nuwa. The legends of Huang San have different names, and their images are also a mixture of man and god.

The existence of the "Five Emperors" was later than that of Huang San, and there are different opinions. Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Yao and Shun recorded in Historical Records are relatively common. The five emperors were tribal leaders or tribal alliance leaders in ancient times, and they were also military leaders. Their legends and stories reflect the process from the peak to the disintegration of the tribal alliance of patriarchal commune.

Huangdi and Yan Di:

According to ancient books, there were many tribes in the ancient Yellow River valley, including the Yellow Emperor tribe named Ji and the tribe named Jiang in Shaanxi. The leader of Jiuli people in the East is called Chu You. In the process of westward advancement, the Jiuli nationality clashed with Yan Di and Huangdi tribes. The two sides fought in Zhuolu, and Chiyou was defeated.

Later, Emperor Yan tried to compete for the dominant position among tribes, and fought three wars with the Yellow Emperor in the field of Hanquan. In the end, Emperor Yan was defeated, and the Yellow Emperor and Emperor Yan joined hands to occupy a dominant position in the vast Central Plains. They are also considered as the ancestors of the Han nationality.

Zhuan Xu:

According to Records of the Five Emperors, Zhuan Xu is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the son of Lu Yi. Shao Wu named Shao Hao Levin for his meritorious service, so he called him Levin. Zhuan Xu is calm, organic and smart. He used soil fertility to cultivate various crops and livestock, and calculated the four seasons to conform to nature; Pay attention to order and etiquette. After Zhuan Xu succeeded to the throne, he carried out a great reform on religious affairs in primitive society, which was known as "the Jedi Heaven Connect" in history.

Jedi Tiantong:

As early as Shao Hao's time, Jiuli people believed in witchcraft and worshipped ghosts and gods. People often carry out ritual activities in private, ignoring normal affairs, thus causing various disasters. In order to change this phenomenon, Zhuan Xu ordered the "Nanzheng" official to "take heaven as a god" and be responsible for offering sacrifices to the gods. Ordered the "fire" officials to "manage the land for the people" and take charge of civil affairs, that is, set up full-time personnel to take charge of sacrifice and civil affairs respectively.

This has changed the situation that everyone can communicate with God in the past, rectified the order in front of man and God, monopolized the right to speak of religious sacrifices, and made religious sacrifices professional. These measures were later called "Jedi Tiantong". Jedi Tiantong maintained the authority formation of tribal leaders, promoted the professionalization of religious personnel, and also reflected that the social structure was changing at that time. Di Ku later continued Zhuan Xu's behavior, further combining sacrifice with the power of tribal alliance leaders.

Zhuan Xu, one of the five ancient emperors, reformed the political and religious system. The process of its appearance can be roughly divided into the following parts:

China ancient legend era: Three Emperors and Five Emperors, Huangdi Yandi, Zhuan Xu, Jedi Tiantong.

Cold knowledge:

1, Zhuan Xu had a fierce struggle with the Gong family. The war lasted for a long time, and it didn't come to an end until the period of Shun and Yu. In the myth system, this war has evolved into a story of "Zhoushan cannot be moved by public anger".

2. Zhuan Xu Levin was separated from the Yellow Emperor by a generation, but was listed as the second generation orthodox emperor after the Yellow Emperor by Sima Qian, because he defeated all the tribes of his time and was the winner of the tribal war.

3. It is stipulated in Zhuan Xu that when a woman sees a man on the road, she should avoid him quickly, or she will be put on the street corner to show off her bad luck. This shows that the status of women at that time was already very low.

According to The Search for God, Zhuan Xu's three sons all became evil spirits after their death. (It can be seen that people's impression of Zhuan Xu seems to be not so good either ~)

But he also has a son named Qiong Chan, who is the kitchen god whom we worship every December.

5. Zhuan Xu calendar

Zhuan Xu calendar is the earliest calendar in China and one of the six ancient calendars. (Ancient Six Calendars: Huangdi Calendar, Zhuan Xu Calendar, Xiali Calendar, Lunar Calendar, Zhouli Calendar and Luli Calendar) The legendary weekend system was implemented throughout the country after Qin unified the six countries, and it was still used until the early years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Reference and recommended bibliography:

The legendary era of Xu China's ancient history

Li Yujie's The Heroic Age of Ancient Legends in China.

Henry Hui Wang's New Exploration of Ancient Legendary Times