Ma Yuzao, for example, has the deepest relationship with Lu Xun, but he treats Gu Jiegang, who has made bad friends with Lu Xun, with the same courtesy. 1929, when Gu Jiegang's father celebrated his 60th birthday, it happened that Lu Xun returned to Beiping from Shanghai. Gu Jiegang was originally a student of Ma Yuzao, but Ma Yuzao went to Gu Fu's home to celebrate Gu Guo Zi's birthday, and signed his name on Gu Fu's Preface to Life.
In the 1920s, in the Red Mansion of Peking University, professors generally thought that there were two "good gentlemen", one was President Cai Yuanpei, and the other was Ma Yuzao, the head of the Chinese Department. In fact, this just shows that Ma Yuzao really practiced the core idea of Cai Yuanpei's school management-"inclusiveness".
It is said that when Ma Yuzao was the dean of the department, there was a young man at home who wanted to apply for Peking University. On one occasion, I don't know whether I intentionally or unintentionally asked Ma Yuzao, "I don't know what kind of questions will be given in Chinese this year?" Director Ma suddenly became furious: "You bastard! Do you want me to tell you the exam questions? "
When Beiping was occupied, some students asked him to write some words as a souvenir. But he said, "I'm really sorry. Now that the country has fallen, I have to drag out an ignoble existence and can't write anything anymore. In the future, when the country recovers, I will definitely repay you. "
Zhang Zhongxing, a student, changed his previous understanding of the teacher after a long contact with Mr. Ma: everyone regarded his generosity as unprincipled accommodation, but in fact he was very strict with himself, and his accommodation to others was limited to politeness.
Many professors in the educational administration of Peking University have learned his irritating style. Once he meets unreasonable opinions in the parliament, he always shouts loudly and leaves no face at all, which is completely different from his usual attitude.
Ma Yuzao's daughter Ma Jue recalled her father, Mr. Ma Yuzao, and said, "My father likes nothing but buying books and reading. Our family has moved twice, and every time we look for a room, there are two requirements: First, there must be enough study rooms, at least three or four rooms, and there should be big bookshelves and desks around the rooms. Another one is near Peking University. Father is always in the study except in class. Most of his books are punctuated with scarlet. Reading and preparing lessons is the greatest pleasure in his life. After his father's death, according to his mind, the collection of books (2 1000 volumes) was dedicated to Peking University Library. "
While studying in Japan, Ma Yuzao, Chen Dexin, Tao and other comrades at the meeting shared a two-story building in Koishikawa, Tokyo. Ma Yuzao lives upstairs, while Tao, Xu Xilin, Qiu Jin and Zhu Shaokang live downstairs. Chen Dexin and He Xiangning studied at Women's University, and Liao also studied at Waseda University. Until he returned to China in 19 13, Ma Yuzao kept close contact with many anti-Qing reformers such as Zhang Taiyan, Lu Xun, Tao, Liao, He Xiangning, Qiu Jin and Xu Xilin, and Zhejiang people with lofty ideals after the Guangfu Association, and was deeply influenced by their revolutionary thoughts.
Ma Yuzao and Lu Xun have been lifelong friends since 1906 with Mr. Taiyan. This is because both of them are members of the Guangfu Association, studying in Japan, and both are Zhang Men's disciples. They also take culture and education as their responsibility and serve the country. * * * waged a clear-cut struggle with the dark reactionary forces and forged an indissoluble bond with Peking University all his life.
After Cai Yuanpei decided to hire Lu Xun to give lectures at Peking University, Ma Yuzao, who had just served as the head of the Chinese Department, personally sent the letter of appointment to Lu Xun's home. 1On August 6th, 920, Lu Xun wrote in his diary: "It will clear up on the 6th. Yo-Yo Ma came to send a letter of appointment to the university in the evening. " At that time, Peking University hired Lu Xun as a lecturer in the Chinese Department to teach the history of China's novels. After 1923, he was hired as a member of the National Studies Committee of Peking University Research Institute. According to the regulations of Peking University at that time, part-time teachers in government departments could only be employed as lecturers, not professors. When Lu Xun worked in the Social Education Department of the Ministry of Education of Beiyang Government, he could not be employed as a professor at Peking University like his second brother Zhou Zuoren. However, from Cai Yuanpei, the principal, to Ma Youyou, the head of the Chinese Department, Lu Xun was highly valued. At the same time, this is also the beginning of the ambiguous relationship between Ma Yuzao and Lu Xun in Peking University.
1927, the vigorous Great Revolution died in the middle, and the National Government moved its capital to Nanjing. Professors and students at Peking University are also divided. Professor Wang Shijie and other student leaders, such as Luo Jialun and Duan, all went to the Nanjing National Government, while others were still fighting for Sun Yat-sen's three major policies, and most of them were separated between the two factions.
Lu Xun knows Ma Yuzao very well, knowing that he has a strong sense of patriotism and justice, and he tends to make progress ideologically. So, 1,1June, 929 (18th year of the Republic of China), Lu Xun wrote with emotion in his letter to Xu Guangping:
After the reunification of the north and south, the "gentlemen" fell apart and left Beiping, but their clothes were not taken away, but were taken away by some people who had fought with them before. As far as I can see, only young fishermen and scholars have not changed their original appearance.
When Lu Xun was teaching at Peking University, Ma Yuzao was one of his closest colleagues. According to statistics, there are nearly 200 references to Ma Yuzao and his family in Lu Xun's Diary, which shows the close communication.
Especially after Lu Xun left Beiping for the south, he returned to Beijing from Shanghai twice at 1929 and 1932. When visiting his mother, Ma Yuzao was visited the most.
For example 1929, Lu Xun recorded in his diary on May 28th: "I visited You Yu in the evening, had dinner in his apartment, and sat together as the four children of Fan Wenlan Jun and You Yu."
1932, when Lu Xun visited his mother in Beiping for the second time, 165438 10/9, the diary recorded: "In the afternoon, I visited the young fisherman and stayed for dinner. There were scholars, quiet farmers, Gong Jian and his youngest son at the same table." Another example is the diary of 165438+ 10/8: "18 is sunny. I received a young fishing letter in the morning. " . 1October 26th, 165438+ wrote a letter to Xu Shoushang, which said, "I met the young fisherman and asked about my brother's recent situation ...".
From then on, Ma Yuzao and Lu Xun developed from "classmates" of Zhangmen disciples to "colleagues" of Peking University, and further formed the family friendship between Ma Shi of Ningbo, Zhejiang and Zhou Shi of Shaoxing.
1936, Lu Xun died. Cai Yuanpei led Lu Xun and funeral committee in Shanghai. He mourned Lu Xun's elegy: "The book is the most rigorous, not the history of China's novels;" The last words are too painful. Don't be a short writer. " Ma Yuzao also wrote a meaningful elegiac couplet, its couplet cloud:
Cai Yu has always respected his brother.
Warm, cold, straight, learn Chinese pavilion.
In the Qing dynasty, he was appointed as the ideal gentleman of Laoting, and he was deeply United.
Ma Yu Zao Jing wan brothers
Since then, Ma Yuzao and Cai Yuanpei have worked hard for the publication of the first set of Complete Works of Lu Xun. Because most of Lu Xun's works before his death were published by Shanghai Beixin Bookstore, publishing the Complete Works of Lu Xun has the most advantage. However, Beixin Bookstore once went to court with Lu Xun for a royalty dispute. Xu Guangping and the Memorial Committee of Mr. Lu Xun thought that the publication of The Complete Works of Lu Xun by Beixin Bookstore was "unreliable" and hoped that the leading commercial press in China at that time would contribute to good deeds, so they invited Cai Yuanpei, Ma Yuzao, Xu Shoushang and Hu Shi to contact Wang. However, due to Beixin Publishing House's refusal to give up the copyright, the plan of the Commercial Press to publish the Complete Works of Lu Xun fell through. The Japanese invaders invaded, the Kuomintang government moved its capital to Chongqing, and there was a gap in the control of press and publication in Shanghai. The Memorial Committee of Xu Guangping and Lu Xun decided that the Complete Works should be published by Shanghai Fushe in a private way. Editing and publishing the complete works of Lu Xun is a huge project. At the peak, nearly 100 people including Hu Yuzhi, Cai Yuanpei, Ma Yuzao, Xu Shoushang, Shen Jianshi, Mao Dun and Zhou Zuoren participated in the work of the editorial board. 1938 From May to August, the Complete Works of Lu Xun with 6 million words and 20 volumes was published in Shanghai Island, where red books were forbidden. The 1938 edition of The Complete Works of Lu Xun took only four months to complete. Its high efficiency is not easy to see today, but its influence is unparalleled so far, which includes the painstaking efforts and efforts of many colleagues who admire Lu Xun.
19 17 When Cai Yuanpei was in charge of Peking University, he hired Chen Duxiu as a liberal arts senior and asked Chen to write to Hu Shi and invite him to teach at Peking University. In September of the same year, 26-year-old Hu Shi returned to China as a professor of Peking University.
Ma Yuzao is older than Hu Shi 13 years old. In terms of overseas study experience, Ma Yuzao studied in Japan and Hu Shi studied in the United States, so there should be a "generation gap" in his thoughts and life experiences. Coincidentally, both Ma Yuzao and Hu Shi admired Dai Zhen, a scholar and thinker in Qing Dynasty.
Ma Yuzao taught Dai Dongyuan's contribution to ancient phonology many times in the Department of Chinese Studies of Peking University, which was published in Sinology Quarterly, while Hu Shi wrote Dai Dongyuan's Philosophy. Since everyone likes Albert Venn Dicey, Ma and Hu go along with it and publicize Dai Dongyuan's theory. Mr. Xie Guangyao thinks in A Corner of the Red Chamber: "Dai Dongyuan appeared in Peking University because Ma and Hu studied Dai's anatomy."
Ma Yuzao spoke highly of Hu Shi's academic thought. When Hu Shi put forward the slogan of "sorting out the national heritage" at the climax of the New Culture Movement, Ma Yuzao and other Peking University scholars responded in succession. Cai Yuanpei recalled in "My Experience in Peking University" that Hu Shi "sorted out the national heritage in a new way with Shen, Jane's brothers, Qian, Yo-Yo Ma and Liu Bannong, and sorted out the English Department."
According to the Complete Diaries of Hu Shi, there are 28 references to horse language algae, and there are many academic exchanges besides parties, banquets and daily talks. For example,1February 4, 922 wrote in the diary: "I suspect that the Fei and marble in the Sui 'an Series carved by Xu are not from the Song Dynasty, and they have written books to ask questions. Today, the little fisherman came and I asked him about it again. It is also said that this book was originally a book of the Yuan Dynasty. "
The two also have a lot of exchanges in book collection. For example, Hu Shi's diary 1923 12 16: "When I visited Ma Youyu, I got a copy of Xinjiaxuan's banknote collection and a copy of Jiao Xun's sculpture collection." On March 27th 1934, the diary wrote: "Yo-Yo Ma came to talk and borrowed three manuscripts of My New Notes on Mo Debate."
On the second page of A Dream of Red Mansions collected by Peking University Library, there is an inscription by Hu Shi: "I advocate the study of versions of A Dream of Red Mansions. I got Cheng Yiben first, and then I learned that there was Cheng Jiaben, which was very rare. Mr. Yo-Yo Ma has this book in his hand, and he generously gave it to me this year. I am very happy, so I asked Beijing Song Jun Pavilion to rebuild the mosaic and write it here. Hu Shi 18, 5, 24 at 4 am. " At the end of the book catalogue, there is Ma Yuzao's inscription: "On February 2 nd, the Republic of China, I gave you a respectful brother." At least 8 kinds of Hu Shi's books in Peking University Library were presented to Hu Shi by Ma Yuzao. In the collection of Ma Yuzao in Peking University Library, there is a book called Poetry in Autumn Pavilion. On the cover of the book, there is an inscription by Ma Yuzao: "On March 16, the Republic of China, Jun Hu gave it to him, rich in algae."
In addition, Hu Shi and Ma Yuzao also had a lot of correspondence, of which 8 letters were included in Hu Shi's manuscripts and secret letters.
Hu Shi is also very much in favor of some measures taken by Ma Yuzao as the head of the Chinese Department, and he once highly affirmed them. For example, when he gave a speech on "The Past and Route of China Literature" in China Literature Department of Peking University, he pointed out: "It is a new era for Mr. Ma Youyou to give a literature lecture in China Literature Department, ..."
However, there are also differences between Ma Yuzao and Hu Shi. Both Ma Yuzao and Hu Shi were leaders of Beiping Branch of China Civil Rights Protection League, but most of Hu Shi's opinions were inconsistent with the purpose of the League, while Ma Yuzao thought that observing the purpose of the League was a matter of right and wrong, which was very different from Hu Shi's. Later, Hu Shi was removed from the League.
1932 Hu Shi was the dean of the School of Literature of Peking University, and 1934 took over as Ma Yuzao, the head of the Chinese Department of Peking University. Ma Yuzao retired from the Department Head 14 years, and still studies and teaches philology and phonology as a professor.
1935, Ma Yuzao suffered from hypertension and cerebral arteriosclerosis stroke, and his condition was very critical. At that time, Hu Shi was very considerate to Ma Yuzao. He often went home to discuss the treatment plan with Ma Yuzao's wife, Chen Dexin, and invited Dr. Wei Yulin, the most famous doctor of Union Medical College Hospital, to treat Ma Yuzao personally at home until he recovered. It is worth mentioning that Hu Shi also received help from Ma Yuzao in his early years. In the book Lu Zhong 'an's Reading Classics in Autumn Room, he was ill in the autumn of 1920, but western medicine failed to cure him. "Later, I was lucky that Mr. Yo-Yo Ma introduced me to Mr. Lu Zhongan. "The disease has actually recovered.
After the fall of Peiping, two colleagues, Qian and Xia Kangnong, often visited Ma Yuzao's house, giving him great comfort.
In the early years, Qian and Ma Yuzao listened to Zhang Taiyan's talk about "primary school" in Tokyo, Japan, and studied philology and phonology together. In the early years of the Republic of China, they went to Beijing together, both professors in Peking University. They have been close friends of Ma Yuzao for decades.
Xia Kangnong went to France to work and study, and participated in the Great Revolution. At that time, he had a shortwave radio, and he could hear the radio behind the Anti-Japanese War. The good news of Pingxingguan and Taierzhuang victory came, and he invited Ma Yuzao to his house to listen to the radio in secret. They rejoiced at every good news in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and they often talked late into the night.
Ma Yuzao attaches great importance to supporting his future studies. Ma Jue, the eldest daughter of Ma Yuzao, remembers, "Qian, Lu Xun, Shen, Zhou Zuoren, Liu Bannong, Chen Bainian, etc. This person often communicates with his father and often talks about late at night, as well as Fan Wenlan and Lu Yingming.
Professors such as Ma Yuzao, Hu Shi, Qian and Zhou Zuoren all agree with Gu Jiegang very much, so they all strongly support him. Gu Jiegang recorded in his diary192112: "Mr. You Yu asked me to be the manager of the reference room of the Chinese Department, and Mr. Shou Chang and I discussed part-time jobs because he also compiled Chinese catalogues." On April 3rd of the same year, 13 wrote in his diary: "Mr Yu Yu came yesterday, and I don't know what happened. Today, I am going to hear that I am coming back, especially to stay and say that I have classes to attend until the summer vacation. "
Mr. Wei was also guided and taught by professors Ma Yuzao, Shen Jianshi, Qian, etc., and eventually became a master of Chinese studies. In the Collection of Wei's Works, he took photos with Zhang Taiyan, Ma Yuzao, Qian, Liu Bannong and other teachers, and wrote in the preface: "
After listening to Shen Shi, Ma Youyou (Yu Zao) Shi and Qian Xuantong Shi many times, I really want to open up the relationship between ancient and modern China and foreign countries, and I want to tell the truth more and more in this sense. "