Lin wrote a version of A Dream of Red Mansions, and the preface is an overview of the version of A Dream of Red Mansions.

Lin wrote: "What is the special significance of the version study of A Dream of Red Mansions?

First, understand the version and the writing process of A Dream of Red Mansions. ..... Second, discuss the evolution and development of writers' creative ideas. ..... Third, sort out the requirements. ……"

Section II, Three Systems (Different Levels, Different Quality)

Version-Different books produced by different editing, copying, carving, typesetting or binding forms of the same book.

There are broad sense and narrow sense.

Printed books include woodblock printed books, printed books (Shi Yinben, photocopies), printed books and phototypesetting books.

The essence of "replication" is contained in this definition. If you want to express accurately, you can separate the copy and juxtapose it with the version-copy and version. "Codex", also written as "notebook".

The surface information of modern book edition is-author, title, publishing place, publishing house, publishing time, etc. Deep information involves a lot of editing knowledge and a lot of knowledge of various disciplines.

Generally speaking, the version of A Dream of Red Mansions, which is called by most redologists, has two systems, namely, the fat-based system and the high-based system.

Lin wrote in the translation of A Dream of Red Mansions: "It is inappropriate to compare the fat-based system with the process-based system. Because Cheng Jiaben is based on the dream book. Dream book is also a fat self-criticism, which shows that Cheng Jiaben is also derived from fat self-criticism. Although there are similarities in various versions of Cheng Ben, they are all used to refer to a category, which is neither fish nor fowl, which is tantamount to putting mother and daughter in the same generation. Therefore, this topic will refer to similar books before and after, called: early banknote books, later printed books. "

We think there are three versions of A Dream of Red Mansions (different levels and different quality), one is the fat-based system, the other is the higher-based system, and the third is the school-based and proofreading system.

Cheng Gaoben (post-catalpa printing) system belongs to fat copying (initial copying) system.

The "fat-based system" that most researchers often say actually refers to the early code system.

The "school-based and proofreading system" consists of early paper money and later printed copies.

Because "school-based, school-based system" is made by modern scholars, most researchers mainly talk about the version of A Dream of Red Mansions from the perspective of fat-based system and high-level system.

The third section, five systems (different levels, different qualities)

Xia Wei from the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Social Sciences published "Xi An Ji". Are there 80 copies? A Dream of Red Mansions, fourth edition, 2007. "Xia Wei wrote:

"In addition to fat and high cost, there should be:

1, mixed copy. Such as Yang Ben and Meng Ben. The transcripts of 120 cycle in these two notebooks, the first 80 cycles are all fat copies. After the statement of 120 cycle, it is somewhat inaccurate to call it' fat copy', but it does not belong to Cheng Gaoben's system, so it is called' mixed copy'.

2. Transitional copy. Like a dream. In the second part of the dream book research, we can see that Cheng Jiaben's revision of the fat book has already existed in the dream book, and there are a lot of differences between the dream book and the fat book, but these differences are the same as Cheng Jiaben's, which shows that Cheng Jiaben consulted the dream book. There are so many differences with fat books that they can't be said to be completely fat books. Dreams should be a' transitional book' between fat books and process books. "

There are two versions of A Dream of Red Mansions: the mixed version and the transitional version, plus the fat version, the elevation version, the combined version and the school-based version. Then, the version of A Dream of Red Mansions has five systems (different levels and different quality).

The fourth section, the title of A Dream of Red Mansions.

Fat version of a dream of red mansions There are thirteen kinds of manuscripts, namely, JOE edition, Bazaar edition, Chen Geng edition, Yangben ~ Yangzang edition ~ Mengben, Mengben ~ Mengfu edition ~ Wang Fu edition ~ Fuben, Youben, Zhangben ~ Qihu edition (original Zhang Mo edition), Zecun edition ~ Qining edition, books ~ Ji You edition, and other editions ~ Ji You edition.

Did Xia Wei collect 80 books in Xi 'an? The book demonstrates that Zheng Ben should be called "Xi An Ji".

There are originals (the main bookstore prints large prints and small prints), which are printed, not copied. However, some originals have always been included in fat-based systems. It is customary to have a book "Hu Qiben" (Zhang Kaimo's original collection).

Among them, there are JOE Edition, Bazaar Edition, and Chen Geng Edition, which are named "Re-evaluation of the Stone in Hongyan Zhai". There are Zhang Ben ~ Hu Qi Ben, Ze Cun Ben ~ Qi Ning Ben, Ben, Bi Ben ~ Liezang Ben and Meng Ben named after The Story of the Stone. A Dream of Red Mansions includes Yang Ben, Meng Ben, Shu Ben and Zheng Ben.

There are JOE Edition, Bazaar Edition and Chen Geng Edition, all of which have comments and some of which are signed. There are Zhang Ben ~ Hu Qi Ben, Ze Cun Ben ~ Qi Ning Ben, Tibetan Scripture Ben, Bibi Ben and Meng Fu Ben, with annotations and no signatures. There are Yang Ben, Meng Ben, Shu Ben and Zheng Ben without comment on writing.

JOE, Bazaar and Chen Geng were all named by Hu Shi. JOE, Jimao and Chen Geng are all dry years. JOE is the transcript of the 19th year of Qianlong (1754), Jimao is the transcript of the 24th year of Qianlong (1759) and Chen Geng is the transcript of the 25th year of Qianlong (1760). Although this name is unscientific, it is a convention and is still in use today.

There are also scientific people named after branches. Chen Jiaben —— a copy of forty-nine years of Qianlong (1784). Your own copy-a copy of 54 years of Qianlong (1789).

A few redologists thought that it was very unscientific for some fat books to be named after the branch year, so they decided to use the word "fat" to name them. Later, almost all fat books were named after the word "fat":

JOE Edition-Obesity Residual Edition, or Obesity Full Edition. Trade book-rule a book, or rule an official book. Geng zhi's classic. Yang Ben ~ Dream Draft-Fat Draft. Meng Ben ~ Wang Fu Ben ~ Meng Fu Ben-Zhi Meng Ben, Zhi Fu Ben. Zhang Ben91Hu Qiben-Faqiben. Zecunben ~ Chiningben-Zhiningben. Shu Shu Ben-knowing books. Peter Ben ~ Liecang Ben Fa Ben. Dream Book ~ Chen Jiashu-Fat Dream Book and Fat Gold Book. Cang Jing Ben-Jing Zhi Ben.

Cang Jing Ben is missing. Therefore, most redologists will not quote Cang Jing's materials for the time being.

When describing the title of this section below, we will not talk about Cang Jing Ben.

In order to make it easier to distinguish, people write their full names on these manuscripts.

JOE Edition —— Rereading JOE's The Stone.

Ji Maoben-the fourth review of Zhi Yan Zhai, and Ji Mao's Winter Moon is the final edition.

Chen Geng Edition-"The Fourth Trial of Zhi Yanzhai, the Final Edition of Autumn Moon in Chen Geng".

Yang Benzhi's Manuscripts of A Dream of Red Mansions —— Yang's old manuscripts and Manuscripts of A Dream of Red Mansions.

Meng Ben ~ Wang Fuben-Wang Fuben of Mongolia.

Zhang Ben ~ Zhang Qiben ~ Hu Qiben —— Preface to Zhang Kaimo's Old Collection of Qi State.

Ze Cun Ben ~ Qi Ning Ben-preface to the life of Qi State in Nanjing Library.

Shu Ben ~ Xu Shu Ben ~ Ji You Ben-Shu Wei Yuan Xu Ben.

Peter-the story of the stone in St. Petersburg, Russia.

Zheng Ben-Zheng Zhenduo's old collection.

Dream Book ~ Dream Book ~ Chen Jiashu —— Preface of Dream Master.

Bian Ben-Bian Wenyi Collection

The phenomenon of these books and editions and the relationship between them are very complicated. But on the whole, they still maintain the appearance of Cao Xueqin's original works to varying degrees, and the version value is higher than all the books in this system.

These books are copied, that is, pieced together.

It must also be pointed out that all these books are over-recorded, except Xu Shu Ben (Ji You Ben).

Section V, Qi Series

Qi Xu Ben, that is, The Story of the Stone starts with Qi Kuisheng. Also known as "Qi Ben".

Zhang Ben-Hu Qiben, namely Xu Qiben collected in Shanghai. Strictly speaking, Qi should refer to "Zhang Kaimo's original works". Therefore, Qi Hu Ben is also called "Qi Zhangben".

There is an original book (Zhengshu Company Shi Yinben), formerly known as A Dream of Red Mansions with Banknotes at the Beginning of the People's Republic of China, which is a photocopy of Zhang Kaimo's Original Collection (Shi Yinben). You Zheng Bookstore was founded in the late Qing Dynasty. Therefore, the original work can also be called "Hu Qi Ben".

The influence of owning the original works goes far beyond The Original Collection of Zhang Kaimo. Therefore, redology scholars often say that there are original works. Many Redology scholars call these two Yuan or Qi.

Ze Cun Ben ~ Qi Ning Ben. Zecunben-the old collection of Chen Qunze's stacks. Qi Ningben-Nanjing hides Qi Xu Ben. The difference between this book and Qi Zhang Ben is almost negligible. Therefore, the study of versions of A Dream of Red Mansions rarely mentions Zecunben ~ Qiningben.

Starting from the concept worthy of the name, Qi Xu should include codex, original codex and preserved copy. In general research, Qi Xu Ben is only equivalent to a large-character book with the original work. In accurate research, we should separate Zhang Ben, Big Ben from the original, and Small Ben from the original.

Section 6, Cheng Jiaben and Cheng Yiben

Cheng Gaoben's Dream of Red Mansions. The so-called "Cheng Gaoben", namely A Dream of Red Mansions co-edited by Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E, is a carved version. Cheng Weiyuan is unique in collection and publication. He published it twice in a row. Modern scholars call these two kinds of Dream of Red Mansions Cheng Jiaben and Cheng Yiben.

Cheng Jiaben, Cheng Yiben and the title page are all new editions, and A Dream of Red Mansions is all in Xiu Xiang Cui Wen Bookstore.

The Cheng family originally had Cheng Weiyuan's Preface to a Dream of Red Mansions and Gao E's Preface to a Dream of Red Mansions. Gao Xu's signature date is "five days after the winter solstice of Qianlong191year", that is, Qianlong 561February 3 (179 1 year 65438+February 27).

In Cheng Yi, an Introduction to a Dream of Red Mansions, written by Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E, was signed on February 16th, 57th year of Qianlong (1March 8th, 792).

Cheng Jia Edition and Cheng Yi Edition were published 73 days apart.

According to statistics, Cheng Yiben revised Cheng Jiaben 19568 (including the first 80 words 14376 and the last 40 words192). )

Cheng Jiaben and Cheng Yiben have a small number of prints, and they have been cooking for 200 years. Therefore, although it is printed, it has been circulated very little so far.

Cheng Weiyuan published Cheng Yiben, the intention of which should be to replace Cheng Jiaben with Cheng Yiben. However, the bookstore owner at that time couldn't wait to engrave Cheng Jiaben, so that a situation dominated by Cheng Jiaben gradually formed.

In 1950s, Cheng Yiben was published as a general edition, with a large circulation and great influence.

There are many versions belonging to Cheng Gaoben system. If you are interested, you can look at A Dream of Red Mansions written by Dr. Cao Libo, a professor at Minzu University of China. This book was published by Beijing Library Press in 2004.

The essence of the first eighty chapters of Cheng Jiaben and Cheng Yiben is still fat. Of course, in order to achieve consistency with the last forty chapters, the organizers made corresponding changes to a few contents of the first eighty chapters.

Section VII: Six Early Reprints of Cheng Jiaben

The six early versions of Cheng Jiaben are all written in white (no comments).

1, official collection board (all new versions of Xiu Xiang Dream of Red Mansions, official collection board). Cheng Jiaben was first reprinted.

2. The publication of Bao Qingge (Jiaqing has not been published for many years, Xiu Xiang's Dream of Red Mansions, Bao Qingge catalpa). Published in the 4th year of Jiaqing (1799).

3. The complete biography of Xiu Xiang Dream of Red Mansions. It was published earlier than the eighth year of Jiaqing (1783).

4. Xiu Xiang's first edition of "Dongguan Pavilion-A Dream of Red Mansions" (Dongguan Pavilion Branch). There is a phenomenon that Cheng Jiaben and Cheng Yiben are mixed.

5. Baoxing Hall was published in the 11th year of Jiaqing (1806).

6. Jinling Hua Teng Pavilion (Jiaqing Chen Geng Engraving, Xiu Xiang Dream of Red Mansions, Hua Teng Library Pavilion). Published in the 25th year of Jiaqing (1820).

Section 8, Jiaqing JOE Edition.

Jiaqing Jia Xu Ben's cover title is "Jiaqing JOE Remake, Dream of Red Mansions in Xiu Xiang". This edition is a revised version of the version of Wei Xin Dong Guan Ge in the 16th year of Jiaqing (18 1 1). Why the makeover, the reason is unknown. This edition deliberately deleted the comments of Dongguan Pavilion Edition, which are in white.

The ninth section, the review of Qing Dynasty's printing and engraving.

From the 16th year of Jiaqing (18 1 1) to the 3rd year of Xuantong (19 1 1), a whole hundred years was the period of publishing and commenting on A Dream of Red Mansions in Qing Dynasty.

There are many kinds of commentary books published in the Qing Dynasty, with many clues, which are difficult to describe.

Cao Libo wrote in "Research on Dongguan Pavilion": "From the point of printing technology, Dongguan Pavilion is all woodcut, and later Wang Xilian's review and Zhang Xinzhi's review were also woodcut printing. When Wang Xilian and Yao Xie jointly commented, they began to use lithography and lead printing. "

The earliest woodcut commentary on A Dream of Red Mansions published in Fu Zi was Dongguange edition, which was published in the 16th year of Jiaqing (18 1 1), and the title page was titled "Jiaqing Xin has not been re-engraved, Dongguange Zihang, New Commentary on A Dream of Red Mansions in Xiu Xiang".

The earliest annotation of A Dream of Red Mansions, which was published by Mengdong Shanghai Wentong Bookstore in the 10th year of Guangxu, was the Supplement to the Stone.

Judging from the source of the comments, the most influential one should be Dongguan Geben.

Part 10, where is the rare book now?

1, Jiaxuben, now in Shanghai Museum.

2. The Trade Book is now in the National Library and the Museum of Chinese History.

3. Geng is now in Peking University Library and Beijing Normal University Library.

4. The manuscript of "Yang Ben ~ Dream" is now in the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Social Sciences.

5. Mengben ~ Wangfuben is now in the National Library.

6. Zhang Ben ~ Zhang Qiben ~ Hu Qiben is now in Shanghai Bookstore.

7. Ze Cun Ben ~ Qi Ning Ben is now in Nanjing Library.

8. Xu Shu Ben ~ Ji You Ben is now in the Capital Library.

9. Bieben ~ Lieben is now in the St. Petersburg branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

10, Zheng Ben, now in the National Library.

1 1, Dream Book ~ Dream Sense Book ~ Dream Preface Book ~ Chen Jiashu is now in the National Library.

12, Cheng Jiaben, now at the Institute of Literature, China Academy of Social Sciences.

13, The Story of Dongguange (18 1 1) is now in Tianjin Library, British Museum and new york Library.

XI partial print, 19 14— 1937.

There are many kinds of printed books in the early and middle period of the Republic of China.

From the technical point of view, there are Shi Yinben, lead printing. From the content, there are three systems.

The specific version is as follows:

( 1)

1. Supplementary comments and approval of illustrated books (Wang Xilian, Die Lianxian Historical Review) 19 14 Shi Yinben.

2. Add comments and annotate the whole map (comments by Wang Xilian, Zhang Xinzhi and Yao Xie) 1925 Shanghai Shi Yinben.

3. Comments of Wen Ming Bookstore (comments by Wang Xilian, Zhang Xinzhi and Yao Xie) 1927 Printing by Shanghai Wen Ming Bookstore.

4. Lithography Review of Jiangdong Bookstore (comments by Wang Xilian, Zhang Xinzhi and Yao Xie)

5. Comments on Zhuji Bookstore (comments by Wang Xilian and Yao Xie)

6. Evaluation of Wan You Library (Commercial Press 1930)

(2)

1, Chinese research edition (19 16 Shanghai Zhonghua book company print edition)

2. Wang Yuan's Sentence Reader (First Edition of Yadong) (printed version of Shanghai Yadong Library 192 1)

3. Yadong Rearranged Edition (Shanghai Yadong Library Printed Edition 1927)

4. Xu Sentence Reader (1923 Shanghai Qunxue Society typesetting)

5. Dadatu Books (1929 printed by Shanghai Dada Book Supply Agency)

7. Guangyi Bookstore (1934 Shanghai Guangyi Bookstore)

6. New Culture Bookstore (1929 Shanghai New Culture Bookstore)

7. Guangyi Bookstore (1934 Shanghai Guangyi Bookstore)

8. World Bookstore Edition (1934 Shanghai World Bookstore Print Edition)

9. Hardback edition of Ming Kai Bookstore (1935 Shanghai Ming Kai Bookstore)

10, Popular Novel Library (1937 Shanghai Central Bookstore)

Section 12: School-based and proofreading system of A Dream of Red Mansions

The so-called "school-based" is to combine one version with other versions to synthesize a version that satisfies the proofreader.

The so-called "proofreading" is to proofread and annotate a version as a copy.

There are many kinds of school-based and proofreading books. And there are more and more trends. Here are a few examples:

1, proofreading of A Dream of Red Mansions by Writers Publishing House. Based on "Cheng Yi Ben". Notes by Yu Pingbo, Hua Cuishen, Qi Gong and Li Dingfang. Writers publishing house, 1953 first edition.

2. Yu school. A Dream of Red Mansions is based on eighty chapters. Yu Pingbo revised, and Wang participated in the revision. People's Literature Publishing House 1963 First Edition.

3. Red School (version 1982). "A Dream of Red Mansions", annotated by the Dream of Red Mansions Institute of China Academy of Art. 1982 People's Literature Publishing House, first edition. Based on Chen Geng edition, this book collates nine kinds of fat edition, Cheng Jiaben and Cheng Yi edition.

4. Red School (version 1996). A Dream of Red Mansions, annotated by the Dream of Red Mansions Institute of Chinese Academy of Art. 1996 People's Literature Publishing House.

5. Cai pai. Cai Yijiang proofreads A Dream of Red Mansions. Zhejiang literature and art publishing house 1994 first edition.

6. Liu school. Liu Shide proofreads A Dream of Red Mansions. Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House 1994 First Edition.

7. Wang Xuexiao. Wang's comments on A Dream of Red Mansions. Shaanxi normal university press 1997 first edition. This book is based on Chen Geng edition, and has been collated by Cheng Jiaben, Cheng Yi edition, proofreading edition 1982 published by People's Literature Publishing House and proofreading edition 1987 published by Beijing Normal University Press.

8. Yue School. Ren Yue proofreads A Dream of Red Mansions. Yuelu Bookstore 1999 First Edition. This book is based on Yang Ben and collated by Bazaar Ben, Chen Geng Ben, Bi Ben, Cheng Jiaben and Cheng Yiben.

9. Zheng Pai. Zheng Qingshan proofreads The Story of Stones taught by Zhiben Association. Writers Publishing House, first edition in 2003. This edition is based on JOE Edition, Bazaar Edition and Chen Geng Edition, of which the sixty-fourth and sixty-seventh editions are based on this edition, and the other ten manuscripts are proofread. The last forty chapters are based on Cheng Jiaben, and Meng Ben, San Jiaping Ben, Cheng Yiben and Yang Ben participate in proofreading.

10, Sun Rong school. Rong Xianbin and Sun Ailin proofread A Dream of Red Mansions. Golden Shield Press, 2003. This book is based on Geng Chenben.

1 1, A Dream of Red Mansions (two-color picture book) Changchun Publishing House. Take Yang Ben as the background. Changchun Publishing House, the first edition in 2005.

12, Huozi School. Huo Guoling and Zijun compiled the story of Zhiyanzhai Quanshi. The book is eighty times, with Qi as the base. Oriental Publishing House, first edition in 2007.

13, Deng Benji. Deng Suifu revised "Re-evaluation of the Stone Story in Hongyan Zhai" (JOE School). This book has been written sixteen times. Writers Publishing House, first edition in 2000.

Section 13, review version

A review of Wang Chen's works. Comment on Chen Wenxin and Wang Wei. A Dream of Red Mansions (Hundred Comments). Changjiang Literature and Art Publishing House, first edition in 2005. This book is based on a book by Cheng Yi.

References:

(1) Liu Shide. An analysis of the version of A Dream of Red Mansions. Shanghai: East China Normal University Press, 2003.

② Lin. Version theory of a dream of red mansions. Beijing: Culture and Art Publishing House, 2007.

③ Feng Qiyong. Study on the Thick Book of Stone. Beijing: People's Literature Publishing House, 1998.

(4) Zheng Qingshan. Version of a dream of red mansions and its collation. Beijing Library Press, 2002.

(5) Cao Libo. A study of the East Pavilion in A Dream of Red Mansions. Beijing Library Press, 2004.

(6) Xia Wei. Is Xi 'an's collection 80 books? . Journal of a Dream of Red Mansions, No.4, 2007.