The importance of extracurricular reading.

Yu Yongzheng, a famous special-grade teacher, said: "Students who grow up on their own are not only physically strong, but also have the stamina for sustainable development." This shows how important extracurricular reading is.

According to Chinese Curriculum Standard, primary school students should read at least 6.5438+0.45 million words. Cultivate students' extensive reading interest, expand reading scope, increase reading volume, and advocate doing less questions, reading more books, reading good books, reading good books and reading whole books. Encourage students to choose their own reading materials.

At present, has extracurricular reading been given due attention? Due to the heavy shadow of exam-oriented education for many years, reading teaching aims at exam scores and focuses on textbooks. Even extracurricular reading, known as the door of wisdom, is regarded as doing nothing. Please look at the survey conducted by a magazine in 50 cities: 30.9% of teachers agree that students should read some excellent extracurricular books, 7.9% of teachers think that extracurricular reading is useless to students, and 6 1.2% of teachers think that extracurricular reading itself is harmless, but students should not be distracted by it during the learning stage. Another survey shows that 20% of parents disapprove of children's extracurricular reading, 26% of parents explicitly say that children are not allowed to read books unrelated to learning, 45. 1% support reading without affecting learning, and 8.9% of parents ignore it. The results of these two surveys show that due to the profound influence of outdated teaching concepts and exam-oriented education, extracurricular reading has not received due attention. People always regard classroom teaching as the center of Chinese teaching, while extracurricular reading is considered as an "extracurricular activity" in the general sense and a dispensable "soft task", and even thinks that reading extracurricular books will affect the study of normal classes. Actually, this is a one-sided view.

Mr. Li Zhencun, the editorial department of Primary School Chinese Teacher, was born in a small village in Yimeng Mountain area, Shandong Province. In the fifth grade of primary school, a Peking Opera actor named Xu taught him Chinese. Teachers often read beautiful articles outside textbooks to students. He also secretly introduced his books-various literary masterpieces-to his classmates at that time. In this reading life, xu teacher planted dreams, longings and longings in the young hearts of children in these mountain villages. After the resumption of the college entrance examination, most of the children in these mountain villages were successfully admitted to the university.

Mr. Li Zhencun said with deep feelings: "An important mission of education is to make children full of dreams and passions, which is more important than how much knowledge they have learned. With yearning and yearning, people's hearts will become extraordinarily pure, people's emotions will become extraordinarily rich, people will be full of upward passion, people will love reading, and then love learning and life. "

Lv Shuxiang, a famous linguist, said that learning in class and reading after class should be "three-seven" when talking about the acquisition of Chinese ability.

Someone once asked Mr. Lu Xun for his writing experience. He said that he had little experience, just read a few more books. The reading experience of the above famous artists tells us that extracurricular reading is very important.

Suhomlinski, a famous educator in the former Soviet Union, thinks:

1. Extracurricular reading is of great significance to the formation of students' world outlook. He said that if a person is not inspired by the precious books on the lives and battles of these heroes in his youth and youth, and is not infected by the actions of the heroes described in the books and further considers himself, then he has not received a real education. Therefore, it is necessary to create conditions so that every student can find books that excite him and never forget them.

2. Extracurricular reading is an important means to solve students' overload. Suhomlinski found that for a well-read student, any concept learned in class can be incorporated into the knowledge system absorbed from various books, and the scientific knowledge taught in class has a special appeal to him, so it is indispensable to help students understand the existing concepts in their minds. The more extracurricular books you read, the easier it is to master knowledge and the less time you have to do your homework. Therefore, Suhomlinski believes that doing a good job in extracurricular reading is an important means to solve the students' overload.

3. Extracurricular reading is a powerful means to develop students' intelligence, especially for students with learning difficulties. Suhomlinski believes that students with learning difficulties are usually said to have difficulties in mastering, understanding and remembering textbooks. One of them often doesn't understand and the other forgets. In this case, many teachers take measures to reduce their mental work, prohibit them from reading extracurricular books and let them reread textbooks. On the basis of a lot of experimental experience, Suhomlinski denied this practice. He thinks this is completely wrong and is not conducive to developing the intelligence of students with learning difficulties. He believes that the more difficulties mental work encounters, the more it needs to read all kinds of books. He also used an image metaphor to illustrate this problem. He said that films with weak sensitivity need longer exposure time, and students with poor grades also need brighter and longer illumination of scientific knowledge. Of course, the extracurricular reading of students with learning difficulties must not be allowed to drift, and must be carried out under the careful guidance of teachers.

The practice of extracurricular reading in various parts of China also confirms the value of extracurricular reading:

1, promoting the healthy development of personality. Through investigation, we found that students who actively read extracurricular health books often have profound cultural literacy, broad vision of life and sound personality psychology. On the contrary, those students who confine themselves to the sea of questions and don't even turn over the newspaper are lonely and depressed, and their impatience and fear of difficulties are getting more and more serious.

2. Broaden the ways of reading teaching. Extracurricular reading is an organic part of Chinese teaching, an inevitable requirement of quality education and an organic way to reduce students' burden and improve the quality and efficiency of Chinese teaching.

3. Exercised thinking and improved writing ability. Extracurricular reading can stimulate students' positive thinking, promote thinking by reading and promote writing by reading.

It can be seen that extracurricular reading has multiple functions for improving students' comprehensive quality.

2. Get out of the misunderstanding of "extracurricular reading" guidance

Extracurricular reading is the most important, common and frequent form of Chinese extracurricular activities, the continuation and expansion of classroom reading, and an indispensable part of reading ability training. Mr. Lv Shuxiang once said: "Several students with good Chinese proficiency asked him about his experience and said in unison that they benefited from extracurricular activities." Indeed, Chinese learning cannot be limited to small classes. Only by establishing a big Chinese concept, building a Chinese education system that combines inside and outside classes and communicates inside and outside schools, and creating a broad Chinese learning space for students, can the efficiency of Chinese learning be effectively improved.

However, at present, in libraries and reading rooms, we can often find such a phenomenon: the atmosphere in front of comic books and game bookshelves is warm, and there are few literary books and composition bookshelves. Nearly 90% of students holding comic books only look at pictures without reading words, and even Lian Wenxue books are just skimming ... This shows that the extracurricular reading of primary school students is still quite poor, especially in rural areas. There are many reasons for this dilemma, but I think the misunderstanding of teachers' guidance is also one of the important reasons: or the vague reading objectives after class lead to conceptual deviation; Or dilute the guidance, so that extracurricular reading is in a laissez-faire situation; Or weaken the feedback, communication and evaluation of students' extracurricular reading, students' reading level is uneven, and good reading habits cannot be cultivated ... Therefore, it is imperative to improve the effectiveness of students' extracurricular reading and get out of the misunderstanding of teachers' guidance. Therefore, combining with my own teaching practice, the author thinks about the misunderstanding and countermeasures of teachers' guidance in extracurricular reading of Chinese in primary schools, and discusses with colleagues.

One of the misunderstandings: biased understanding of extracurricular reading

Six years after the implementation of the new curriculum, extracurricular reading in many primary and secondary schools is still in a state of indifference, and even if there is "movement", it is mostly piecemeal; There is neither the "foresight" of regional promotion nor the "foresight" of systematic arrangement. The main reason is that many teachers regard extracurricular reading as an indispensable teacher's personal behavior and think that extracurricular reading is a dispensable extra burden. Extracurricular reading is a free choice. You can read it today or tomorrow, in this life or in the next life. I think that no matter how good the guidance strategy is, it will be difficult to implement it effectively if this biased concept is not completely broken and the correct education and teaching concept is not firmly established.

Countermeasures: Re-recognize reading and locate the target.

"Chinese Curriculum Standard" has made specific and clear provisions on extracurricular reading of Chinese in primary schools: 1-2 grade recites 50 excellent poems (paragraphs), and the total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 50,000 words; Grade 3-4 should develop the habit of reading books and newspapers, collect and exchange books and materials with classmates, read no less than 400 thousand words after class, and recite 50 excellent articles (paragraphs); In grades 5-6, we should expand the reading scope, read no less than 654.38+0 million words after class, and recite 60 excellent poems (paragraphs). It can be seen that extracurricular reading occupies a considerable proportion in Chinese teaching. At the same time, "Chinese Curriculum Standard" clearly points out: "It is necessary to cultivate students' extensive reading interest, expand reading scope, increase reading volume, and advocate doing less questions, reading more books, reading good books and reading whole books". To this end, as a teacher, we should pay attention to the following three points:

1, stimulate reading interest.

In extracurricular reading guidance, teachers should follow the reading rules and cultivate students' interest in reading. The starting point should be low, the requirements should be strict, the form should be changed and more encouragement should be given.

If you look at the topic and guess the main idea of the article; Guess the main content according to the main vocabulary; Guess other paragraphs according to the first paragraph; The paragraphs of the article are sorted correctly; Expand the imagination of the story solitaire; Throw bricks to attract jade and lead to stories; Performing with the passion of reading; Find a game, it's fun. ...

2. Ensure the time and space for reading.

Teachers should guide students to make a reasonable reading plan and regard it as an important part of the whole study life. At the same time, the school should provide enough books for students as much as possible, which can be done by combining the class book corner with the school library, giving full play to the advantages of online reading, and setting up a classic reading webpage on the campus network. This can effectively use all reading resources, ensure the basic reading time and space conditions, leave a broad thinking space for students, and liberate their reading horizons from the narrow cage.

3. Cultivate the habit of reading.

To cultivate good reading habits, you must order books. Once you have chosen the book you want to read, you must finish it. Don't dabble and give up halfway. After choosing a book, we should form the habit of reading a book; Second, it must be timed. Choose reading time according to your study life. If you don't want to study, don't read for a few days. Third, it is necessary to quantify. Read in a planned way according to your reading ability. At the same time, we should maintain a good reading posture and make a good reading record. These habits are gradually formed in reading practice, and teachers and parents should always remind and urge them.

In my opinion, a new understanding of extracurricular reading will help our teachers grasp the goal of reading guidance, so as to carry out reading guidance in a targeted manner and improve the actual effect of reading.

Myth 2: Desalinate extracurricular reading guidance

Many teachers are used to thinking that students' "digging textbooks" and doing homework are internal affairs and "business"; Once students read extracurricular books, it is a foreign affair, and it is "reading casual books." Therefore, the guidance of extracurricular reading is relatively weak; No matter what kind of books to read, there is no guidance on how to read them. Extracurricular reading is in a state of laissez-faire and narcissism. Students just read Race with Cattle in a purposeful and interest-based way after class, and its significance and effect are unknown.

Countermeasure thinking: leading classic reading and improving reading effectiveness

It is necessary to further guide students not only to love reading, but also to read better and more effectively. As a reading instructor, teachers should recommend some extracurricular reading materials suitable for students and introduce some effective reading methods.

1, select reading materials, so that students can enjoy the pleasure of reading classics.

(1) Recommend books according to students' different learning periods. According to the survey, students' interest in reading varies with age, years of study, gender, personality and psychological characteristics. Generally speaking, fairy tales, myths, fables and folk stories are the main ones in the lower and middle grades of primary schools; In addition to stories, senior students are also interested in biographies, legends and thrillers, which can be said to have entered the literary period. Therefore, teachers should recommend relevant books according to the different periods of students' study, so that every student is willing to read, enjoy reading and be good at reading.

(2) recommend reading materials that are beneficial to physical and mental development. Generally speaking, fairy tales should be recommended to junior students, battle stories and science fiction works can be recommended to middle school students, and great stories, Chinese and foreign masterpieces and geographical history can be recommended to senior students. In this way, students of different grades can read extracurricular books that are most suitable for their own needs and beneficial to their healthy development.

(3) recommend reading materials closely related to your life. From the perspective of life, there are roughly two kinds of books closely related to students: one is books that guide students to cultivate their life ability, including books on safety precautions and interpersonal relationship handling; The other is reading materials to help students understand life, including local culture and human resources in their hometown.

(4) Recommend reading materials related to the text. Many primary school Chinese texts are selected or extracted from the collection of works. When teaching these articles, teachers should pay attention to guiding students to read the original works, and some can also let students read all the authors' works. For example, after teaching Jiang Jie, children can read Red Rock, after teaching Boys Run, children can read Lu Xun's Hometown. ...

2, reading guidance, let students learn to read in reading classics.

Teach students how to read. One is browsing extensive reading. You can browse many easy-to-understand books or newspapers, understand their main contents, and capture knowledge points or valuable information. The second is exploratory speed reading. This is a reading method for students to browse the reading materials quickly and choose the information they need according to a certain purpose. The directivity is very clear, either to solve a problem or to understand some knowledge. The third is taste intensive reading. When reading after class, students should be guided to choose some chapters that are closely related to their study or are most interested in them for intensive reading, to taste the good words and sentences in the article, to understand the profound connotation of the article and to figure out the layout of the article.

(2) Teaching students the method of "memory". "Taking notes can make people's knowledge accurate." In the guidance of extracurricular reading, teachers should teach students different memory methods, so that students can develop the habit of not reading without moving their pen and ink. One is a post-it note. These notes are written down at any time when students are reading. Mark the key points and deepest feelings of the article, write comments in the blank space of the book, or put a small question mark in the place you don't understand, or write down your own questions, and then ask your parents and teachers for advice, so as to truly achieve "eye view, mouth view and mind view". Reading is beneficial. The second is abstract notes. These notes focus on extracting and classifying the good words, sentences and wonderful paragraphs found in the reading process, making them a unique "reference book". The third is creative notes. That is, on the basis of reading, re-create the original text, such as continuation, expansion, rewriting, and post-reading writing.

I think extracurricular reading should be the extension and development of classroom teaching. Under the guidance of teachers, students should have a golden key to open the reading hall and enjoy themselves in the ocean of classic reading.

Myth 3: Lack of evaluation of extracurricular reading.

Teachers are aware of the role of extracurricular reading, but due to the influence of various factors, most extracurricular reading often becomes a mere formality, and there is no corresponding evaluation and inspection of students' extracurricular reading, and there is no corresponding incentive and supervision mechanism. In the long run, this will definitely dampen students' enthusiasm for reading.

Corresponding countermeasures: implement multi-evaluation and care for children's hearts in reading.

The author believes that the effect of students' extracurricular reading must not be ignored, or just in general terms. In order to ensure the quality of students' extracurricular reading and keep their interest in extracurricular reading for a long time, it is necessary to make a diversified evaluation of students' extracurricular reading.

(1) Appreciate the evaluation in the communication. Can organize learning, exchange appreciation, not only can test the reading effect, but also the process of * * * improvement. From appreciating a wonderful phrasing, a beautiful scenery description and an incisive exposition, it gradually transits to appreciating the whole article and the whole work, and appreciating the representative figures in the work, so that students can talk about their own experiences and express the pleasure of reading easily. Teachers should make brief and enlightening comments in the communication process, so that students can gain knowledge, cultivate emotions, enlighten their thinking and gain aesthetic pleasure in the communication activities.

(2) Evaluation in the achievement exhibition. By displaying each student's reading gains through the achievement exhibition, students can experience success and maintain their enthusiasm for reading. You can use the statistics on the wall to show who has read more books, who has extracted more wonderful fragments, who can recite more ancient poems, who has written more things after reading, and so on. Make progress visible and set off a reading craze. Students can be organized to report their reading through content performance or music recitation; You can hold activities such as "I illustrated my favorite painting and calligraphy", wrote "a sentence I like", exhibited it in the form of pictures and calligraphy, and awarded prizes to winners. In this process, there should be not only teachers' evaluation, but also students' mutual evaluation and students' self-evaluation. By integrating evaluation into activities in the form of "exhibitions", each exhibition will become a gas station and booster for reading activities.

(3) Evaluation in topic debate. Reading is students' personalized behavior. Every student has a unique feeling, experience and understanding in the process of reading. Teachers can find some controversial topics for students to comment on. This not only satisfies students' communicative emotional needs in autonomous reading, but also provides students with opportunities to express their reading gains, and also provides vivid materials for teachers to evaluate students' reading effects.

Misunderstanding 4: misinterpretation of extracurricular reading instructors

Many teachers only regard the guidance of extracurricular reading as a Chinese teacher's business, while teachers in other disciplines think it has nothing to do with themselves and become outsiders and bystanders, so that Chinese teachers often fall into a situation of fighting alone on this issue.

Corresponding countermeasures: all disciplines should be linked to construct the concept of big reading.

It is true that extracurricular reading guidance is an unshirkable task for Chinese teachers, but students' reading ability and level directly affect each student's learning effect. In addition, there are countless extracurricular reading materials related to various disciplines. Therefore, extracurricular reading is not only a matter for Chinese teachers, but also the mission of teachers in all subjects. Teachers in all disciplines should be good at recommending relevant reading materials, carefully organizing and guiding students' reading, expanding their knowledge and improving their humanistic quality.

"The biggest reason for reading is to get rid of mediocrity. The works read in childhood can often affect a person's attitude towards reading throughout his life. " I think the effective guidance of extracurricular reading will convince teachers: "Children who love reading since childhood will not be mediocre, because reading opens their eyes and improves their taste."

3. Advocate the basic theory of reading classics in modern society.

First, "classics" are the crystallization of wisdom. It is common sense and common practice, and its value lasts forever. Any cultural system has its eternal classics as its source. "Classic" not only constitutes its national tradition, but also provides infinite inspiration for all mankind.

Second, China's classics of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism have been handed down since ancient times, and they are required reading for all intellectuals to strive for the characteristics of China culture, and their influence extends from Southeast Asia to the whole world. Since the May 4th Movement of the Republic of China, we have opposed tradition, reading classics and reading ancient Chinese. For a long time, national self-confidence has been completely lost and social culture has been declining. Today's younger generation can hardly read the literature of their ancestors, let alone "classics". China culture has been cut off! Advocating "Reading Classics" is to save China culture from its roots. In addition, if you want to learn a foreign language and absorb foreign culture, you should also start with its classic reading, which is the most convenient and effective.

Third, advocating "reading classics" has two purposes: first, "classics" are ancient Chinese, and reading classics can train the foundation of ancient Chinese. Second, study the "classics" directly and get in touch with the highest wisdom in cultural traditions; Do two things at once. And with the foundation of ancient Chinese, it is helpful to write vernacular Chinese; With traditional wisdom, you have the ability to know the west.

4. At present, the domestic educational theory is still influenced by the May 4th Movement, and it is difficult to resume the course of "Reading Classics" in the system for a while, so "social education" should be promoted first. When the time is ripe, the concept is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the atmosphere is popular in the society, it will affect the system.

Five, there are three ways to advocate "reading classics" in society: one is to advocate "reading classics" and teach by famous teachers who stay in Confucianism, which is suitable for adults. The second is the way of "reading classics", that is, several interested people read books by themselves and choose "classics" as the learning text, which is also applicable to adults. Third, advocate "children reading the Bible", that is, parents of ordinary families teach their children to read the Bible themselves, or encourage apartment buildings, community neighborhoods, cultural organizations, talent classrooms, church clubs, Dojo temples and so on. It is necessary to set up a "children's Bible reading class", and it is best for the middle-level tutor of the school to teach a class at random, or to set up a Bible reading project in group activities, or to take advantage of the opportunity to teach together in the whole school. The most effective way to cultivate high-level talents is to set up a school for reading classics, or to implement all-weather education focusing on reading classics in the form of private schools.

6. As far as the activities of reading classics for adults are concerned, "classics" are too abstruse for most people to try. In fact, the more you don't read, the more difficult it is to get started. All language learning becomes familiar from contact. As long as we open the atmosphere of "reading" and read regularly, our ability will naturally develop gradually, and the more we read, the more we understand. However, there are many people who read the Bible in society. From a small point of view, they can cultivate personal temperament. In a big way, the inheritance of history and culture is in it.

As far as children's reading activities are concerned, "classics" are more difficult to understand. But the focus of children's mental development lies in "memory" rather than "understanding". So don't force yourself to understand, but take advantage of his strong memory at this time to write down some of the best works in culture and train his memory ability at the same time. When he grows up, his reading ability will naturally improve and he will have a cordial feeling about his own culture. The sentences he memorized can not only be gradually appreciated by himself, but also learned by analogy if someone teaches him. Among all the people, there will be talents who can "learn from the past".

Eight, children reading classics can arouse their family's interest in approaching classics. If parents and children read classics together, they can improve the peace of parents and children; It is the best parent-child activity.

Nine, from the perspective of language level alone, children can have high school Chinese level after reading classics for one year; After studying classics for two years, you can have a college degree in Chinese department; After studying classics for three years, you can have a Chinese degree in the Chinese Department. As for the change of Zhi Tao's character and temperament.