Sandu County is the only Shui Autonomous County in China, located in the southwest of Guizhou Province. It is adjacent to Rongjiang and Leishan counties in Qiandongnan prefecture in the east and southeast, Libo county in Honshu in the south, dushan county and duyun city in the west and northwest, and Danzhai county in Qiandongnan prefecture in the north. Located on the southeast slope of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, this county is a typical mountainous county with an altitude of 400- 1000m and a mountainous area of 94%. The county has jurisdiction over 10 towns, 1 1 townships and 274 administrative villages (communities). At the end of 2000, the total population was 305,000. The population of ethnic minorities is 295,500, accounting for 96.88% of the total population, of which the Shui population is 6,543,800+095,300, accounting for 64% and 55% of the total population of the county. Accounting for 6% of the national population. It is the only autonomous county of Shui nationality in China.

The development of history

As early as 1300 years ago, in the third year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (AD 629), Bolan County, which is now Hengfeng and rotten soil, was set up in Sandu District. Duchamp County, today's Dujianghe area, is under the jurisdiction of Yingzhou, and Yingzhou is under the jurisdiction of Duchamp County. Yingzhou secretariat is a local tycoon, and it belonged to the southern and eastern parts of fifty-six States under the jurisdiction of Lu Shaoqing government of Sezhou in Song Dynasty. In the 26th year of Yuan Dynasty (1289), the length of the sapropelic cave was suddenly attached to 300 holes 1 10 village. In October of the 28th year of Zhiyuan (129), the cave was changed to Yunfu, and-cave was changed to-state, and Hejiang was Hejiang State, which was under the jurisdiction of Yunfu. Zhiyuan twenty-nine years in the first month, the establishment of a rotten soil military and civilian appeasement department. In the 19th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1368), Duyun was renamed as Duyun appeasement department. In the twenty-fourth year of Hongwu, Zhang Jun was awarded the lawsuit of Hejiang County-rotten soil chief and transferred to Wei Yun. In the seventh year of Hongzhi (1494), in May, rotten soil was changed to Dushan mansion. In July of the 9th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (173 1), Niuzhai will be located in Dujiang Hall under Duyun Prefecture. In the twelfth year of Yongzheng (1734), the rotten Tusi land was set up in Sanzu Tunzhou Tong, which was placed in Dushan Prefecture. In the 3rd year of the Republic of China (19 14), Sanhe County was established in Sanjiaotun, and Dujiangting was changed to Du Jiang County. In the 30th year of the Republic of China (194 1), Sanhe and Du Jiang counties merged and were renamed Sandu County. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), Sandu County was established on10.2/957.

People of all ethnic groups in China are hardworking, brave, simple and honest, and have a glorious revolutionary tradition. In December of the fourth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1492 1), the rustic Buyi peasant uprising lasted for three years and shook the feudal rule in southern Guizhou. The Ming Dynasty mobilized 80,000 regular troops for encirclement and suppression, and the rebel army failed. In the fifth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1855), under the influence of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolution, in the same year, Pan Xinjian, a 9,000-year-old Shui farmer, rose up, held high the banner of anti-Qing, and put forward the slogan of "No food, no taxes, overthrowing the Qing Dynasty and enjoying peace", which was known as "Wang Fude". Luo Guangming fought jointly with Pan Xinjian, attacking Dushan, Duyun, Libo, Rongjiang, Danzhai and Du Jiang, and persisted in the anti-Qing struggle for eighteen years. Later, the outstanding sons and daughters of Shui, Buyi, Miao and Han participated in the anti-church struggle, the anti-donation struggle, the anti-Japanese armed struggle and the armed liberation struggle during the Republic of China, and made indelible contributions.

Geographical climate

The county is located on the southeast slope of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and the terrain is inclined from northwest to southeast, with an average elevation of 500 to 1000 meters. The highest is Gengding Mountain in the northwest, with an altitude of 1665.5 meters. The lowest point is the exit of Duliujiang River near Ba Street, with an altitude of 303 meters. The area is covered with mountains and streams, with many rolling hills and flat dams. Of the total area, cultivated land accounts for 9.4%, woodland accounts for 55.6%, grassy mountain accounts for 29.7%, and water surface accounts for 1.3%, which is called "nine mountains, half water and half fields". The county's forest resources are well protected, with a forest coverage rate of 50.08%, making it one of the top ten key forestry counties in the province. It belongs to the moderate monsoon climate type in the middle subtropical zone, characterized by long summer and short winter, clear spring and autumn, no heat in summer and no cold in winter. Annual average temperature 18℃, frost-free period of 328 days, annual average rainfall1349.5mm. ..

natural resource

Sandu is a mountainous county, located in the broken section at the southeast end of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The overall terrain is inclined from north to south, with the characteristics of higher terrain in the north, west, northeast to southeast and gentle and open terrain in the southwest. The highest elevation is 1665.5m, the lowest elevation is 303m at the exit of Duliujiang River, and the maximum elevation difference is 1362m. Most areas are between 400 and 900 meters above sea level, with an average elevation of 675 meters. Zhongshan and low hills account for more than 90% of the county's total land area.

In 2006, the total cultivated land area of the county was 13549 hectares, including 9878 hectares of cultivated land and 367 1 hectare of soil; The total forestland area is 210.5 million mu, the timber storage volume is 7.26 million cubic meters, and the forest coverage rate reaches 55%. Hydraulic resources. The average annual rainfall in the county is1.349.5mm, the total rainfall is 3.31.600 million cubic meters, the runoff is1.650 million cubic meters, the average annual inflow of passenger water in other counties is1.65438+0.98 billion cubic meters, and the groundwater is 470 million cubic meters, which is the annual intake of the county. Duliujiang River and Zhangjiang River Basin have a theoretical hydraulic power of 4 1 small and medium-sized rivers of 220,000 kilowatts, with a exploitable capacity of10.66 million kilowatts, ranking seventh in the state in terms of hydraulic resources, with great development potential. In 2006, the county's installed hydropower capacity reached11465kW.

Rich in mineral resources. There are 18 kinds of useful minerals found in China, including copper, iron, coal, mercury, gold, antimony, sulfur, lead, zinc, phosphorus, barite, rare earth, molybdenum, vanadium, shale for brick making, uranium, diamond and arsenic. Copper, iron, coal, mercury, gold, antimony, sulfur, lead, zinc and phosphorus are all mined. There are 48 ore fields, mining areas and occurrences in this county. Mercury-antimony-lead-zinc mine has a long history, and pyrite is the pyrite deposit with the highest sulfur content in the province. Gold reserves are about 7 tons, concentrated in Miaolong area of Sanhe Town. Mining and smelting, represented by antimony ore, occupy a dominant position in Sandu modern industry.

Forest resources. This county is rich in forest resources. The main tree species are Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana, Tung oil tree, Camellia oleifera, Quercus acutissima, Cypress, Maple, Phoebe bournei, Cinnamomum camphora, Alsophila spinulosa, Phyllostachys pubescens, Rhus sumac, Eucommia ulmoides and so on. It is one of the top ten forestry counties in the province, with forest areas 1 1. There are large areas of primary forests and secondary forests in Du Jiang, Bajie, Yangfu, Wubao, Fishing and Lalan in the east, and Yang Gong and Jiuqian in the south. State-owned Lalan Forest Farm is located at12km east of the county seat, with an existing management area of 250,000 mu and a forest volume of10.4 million cubic meters, and is known as the "Hundred Miles Forest". The annual output of commercial timber10.5 million cubic meters is above, which is the first state-owned forest poplar in Guizhou province to break through the 10 million yuan mark and one of the top 500 state-owned forest farms in China.

Fishery resources. Duliujiang River is the most abundant, with 30 species of main fish belonging to 6 families. Among them, there are 22 species of CYPRINIDAE, 4 species of Sparidae, Silurus 1 species, abalone 1 species and 2 species of loach. High-quality freshwater fish such as rhinoceros produced in Duliujiang River are famous both inside and outside the province.

Rich in tourism resources. The eastern route is dominated by natural scenery and human landscape, and the scenic spots mainly include: the scenery of the 100-city forest, the drifting of the Duliujiang River, the forest resort, the Yaorenshan Nature Reserve, the Buyang Cliff Stone Carving, the ruins of the ancient city of Du Jiang, the mass graves of the Qing army, the songs and dances of the Shui and Miao people, and villages. The southern line is dominated by ethnic customs, mainly including: Water Village, Water Festival, Mao Jie Love Song, ethnic handicrafts, Shuilong sarcophagus tomb, Tang Zhou Xianren Bridge, Zhonghe Waterfall, Three-hole Cat Stone Shoutian and other strange stone wonders. There are many scenic spots and historical sites in the county, with rich connotations and picturesque natural scenery. There are 45 cultural relics in China, including 5 county-level cultural relics protection units and 4 provincial-level cultural relics protection units. Places of interest include Du Jiang Ancient City Wall, yangfu Cliff Tomb, Buyang Cliff, Shibanzhai Anti-Japanese Site in Jiuqian Town, Jiuqian Shui Nationality Uprising Site in Jiaodu Mountain, Meicai Village in Jiuqian Town, Yinlang sarcophagus Tomb, Yaorenshan Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Site, etc. The main scenic spots are Yaorenshan National Forest Park and Duliujiang Provincial Scenic Area. Yaorenshan National Forest Park is located about12km southeast of Fiona Fang County, covering an area of more than 4,000 hectares. The park is a natural plant gene bank and a paradise for wild animals, with continuous peaks, deep valleys and numerous waterfalls. There are more than 430 kinds of woody plants, including Ginkgo biloba, Liriodendron chinense and Taxus chinensis. Taxus chinensis var. mairei, Pterocarya stenoptera and Alsophila spinulosa are national first-and second-class protected plants. There are leopard and macaque 12 species of mammals, giant salamander and horned monster 17 species of amphibians, and golden pheasant and silver pheasant 17 species of birds. Spectacles such as spawning cliffs, anemones, moon trees and fighting fish in the scenic area add magical colors to Ren Yao. In Duliujiang Provincial Scenic Area, there are many beautiful rural scenery along Duliujiang River above the county seat, and magnificent canyon scenery below the county seat. There are many cultural relics in the scenic area, such as Xiaoxi Cliff, Du Jiang Ancient City Wall, Zhong Yi Tomb in urban and rural areas, yangfu Cliff Tomb, etc. In particular, the integration of water and seedlings with mountain backs and water is even more intoxicating. Every festival, young men and women gather on the riverside to race dragon boats, splash water and play, express their feelings with grass as markers and make love with songs. It is like a paradise here. Famous ethnic scenic spots include Shuige Mao Cultural Scenic Spot and He Lei Shuicun. Shuigemao Cultural Scenic Area is located in Shuigezhai Village, Jiuqian Town, southeast of Autonomous County, 5 kilometers away from Jiuqian Town and 15 kilometers away from Libo Airport. Mao Jie is known as "Oriental Valentine's Day", and Maopo is also known as "the first slope of love for the aquarium". Maopo is composed of love song duet, Shishen Terrace, Shushen Terrace, Ruyi Waterfall, Ruyi Lake, Xianren Bridge, Dingqing Valley, Fish Pond, Shuimo, Shuicun and Longfeng Well. He Lei Water Village is located in He Lei Village (Shangzhai), Du Jiang Town, southeast of Autonomous County, 4 1 km away from the county seat. Around the dam, Liu Feng, Li Xiao, Song Li, Huamian, Bengpo, Xiongjia and other water villages, a water culture community is formed around how to build a village by thunder. He Lei Water Village is surrounded by mountains and rivers, facing deep streams. From the foot of the mountain, it is a first-class terrace, which is very spectacular. With the ups and downs of mountains, folk houses are skillfully combined among pines and cypresses, so that buildings are organically combined with mountains, water, springs, forests and pastoral areas, forming a residential map of villages in Shan Ye, which is "you can't see the mountains when you enter the village, but you can't see the village when you enter the mountain", and forming a beautiful, pleasant and quaint living environment of "harmony between man and nature". The Shui compatriots who have lived here for more than 300 years still retain and inherit the totem worship, religious beliefs, national customs, living habits, culture and art of the Shui people. -

National custom

There are Yaorenshan National Forest Park, Duliujiang Provincial Scenic Area, five provincial-level cultural relics protection units, as well as quaint and confusing folk customs and charming natural landscapes in the county, and the tourism resources are unique. In the long history of human development, the Shui people have created rich and colorful national culture and unique national customs in their long-term production and life practice. Shui people have their own language, writing and calendar, as well as traditional festivals such as Duanjie and Mao Jie. Shuishu is known as the living fossil of hieroglyphics in China. There are various forms of folk songs, such as duet, single, Kunge, tune, chant, etc. Especially Kunge, which is a wonderful folk song, is rich in content and unique in tone, and has been listed as a new genre in Guizhou Quyi Garden. There are rough and bold dog fighting dances, bronze drums celebrating harvest, solemn sacrificial ceremonies of the Shui people, simple and elegant "dry fence" buildings, exquisite and famous traditional diets of the Shui people-ponytail embroidery, paper-cutting, costumes and unique flavors, waterfalls, Xianqiao in Tang Zhou, "rain stones" in the sky and mysterious "spawning cliffs". At the same time, there are Du Jiang Ancient City Wall, yangfu Cliff Tomb and Yinlang Slate Tomb, which are of great research and development value. A number of ethnic tourist villages, such as Miaoliang Village in Zhonghe Town, Bamaozhai Village in Du Jiang Town and Bangao Village in Sandong Township, have been built one after another and received Chinese and foreign tourists. -

20 14 adjustment of township administrative divisions in Sandu county;

It is agreed to cancel 2650 towns in sanhe town, Pu 'an, Dahe, fengle town, Hejiang, Du Jiang, Qin Zhou, Tingpai, Jiuqian, Zhonghe, Li Jiao, Lalan, Shuilong, Fishing, Bajie, Wubao, Yangfu, Tangzhou, Sandong, Hengfeng and Yanggong in Sandu County. The newly established Sanhe Street and its jurisdiction over Zhonghe Town, Qin Zhou Town, Pu 'an Town, Dahe Town, Du Jiang Town and Jiuqian Town are as follows:

(1) The newly established Sanhe Street has jurisdiction over sanhe town, Lalan Township, Xiangzhai Village and Zhaiwei Village in Yuanshuilong Township, and its sub-district office is located in Yaorenshan Community.

(2) The newly established Zhonghe Town governs the original Zhonghe Town, Tangzhou Township, Sandong Township (except Liqun Village) and Shuilong Township (except Xiangzhai Village and Zhaiwei Village), and the town people's government is stationed in Zhonghe Village.

(3) The newly established Qinzhou Town governs the original Qin Zhou Town, Tingpai Town, Hengfeng Township and Liqun Village in the original Sandong Township, and the Town People's Government is located in Xinrong Village.

(4) The newly established Pu 'an Town governs the original Pu 'an Town and Li Jiao Township, and the Town People's Government is located in Putun Village.

(5) The newly established Dahe Town governs the original Dahe Town, fengle town Town and Hejiang Town, and the people's government of the town is located in Huaisuo Village.

(6) The newly established Du Jiang Town governs the former Du Jiang Town, Fishing Township, Bajie Township, Wubao Township and yangfu Township, and the Town People's Government is stationed in Shangjiang Village.

(7) The newly established Jiuqian Town governs the original Jiuqian Town and Yanggong Township, and the Town People's Government is stationed in Jiuqian Village.

202119 Sandu County was named by the State Ethnic Affairs Commission as the eighth batch of national demonstration zones for national unity and progress.

On March 2019 15, Sandu county was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 18.