Knowledge of adolescent health education 1, adolescence refers to the transition period from childhood to adulthood, especially sexual and physical maturity.
2. The characteristics of human development in adolescence are: the change of body shape, the perfection of visceral function and the maturity of reproductive organs.
3. The main manifestations of male secondary sexual characteristics are: long beard, long pubic hair, prominent Adam's apple and low tone. This is caused by the secretion of androgen by testis.
4. The main manifestations of female secondary sexual characteristics are: wide pelvis, developed mammary glands, long pubic hair and high pitch. This is caused by the secretion of estrogen by the ovary.
5. Adolescence, the first nocturnal emission in men and menarche in women indicate that men's testicles and women's ovaries are gradually maturing.
6. An important feature of adolescent brain development is that the brain is more excited, more plastic and easy to accept new things.
7. Teenagers are in the period of voice change, and noise protection should be done: not too tired, especially vocal cords, and refrain from shouting; Avoid catching a cold; Try to eat less spicy and fried food; Smoking and drinking are prohibited.
8, acne should pay attention to keep the skin clean: wash your face thoroughly with warm water and soap twice a day, prohibit the use of alkaline soap, do not use greasy and irritating cosmetics. At the same time, the towel used when washing your face should gently wipe your skin to let the accumulated sebum out of your skin, but don't squeeze, pinch or dig acne with your hands to avoid infection.
9. The characteristics of adolescent thinking and emotion are: the independence and criticism of thinking are significantly enhanced; Feelings are rich, strong and lasting, but they are easy to get emotional and have strong self-esteem.
10, the main behavior of middle school students is: learning.
1 1. The best way for middle school students to communicate with the opposite sex is to pay attention to group communication. Participate in group activities (including classes and groups) organized by schools or students spontaneously.
12, myopia wear glasses to the hospital for examination: after mydriasis optometry in the hospital, the ciliary muscle is completely paralyzed, and the accuracy can be checked.
13, worn by teenagers with myopia: concave lens correction.
14. In order to protect eyesight, the distance between the seat and the TV set when watching TV should be 4-6 times the diagonal of the screen.
15, the spine of teenagers is abnormal, and it is easy to appear when studying: fatigue.
16, prevent adolescent hypertension, and do it in diet:
Three less? Eat less high fat, refined sugar and salt.
Sanduo? Eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, coarse grains and brown rice. Eat more bean flour and bean products and eat more unsaturated fatty acids (such as fish and various vegetable oils).
17. The six nutrients needed by human body are protein, carbohydrates, lipids (including fats and phospholipids), inorganic salts, vitamins and water.
18, balanced diet requirements: coarse grains flour and rice, animal and vegetable oils, vegetarian, lean.
19. Middle school students should not only pay attention to the combination of work and rest, but also form a good habit of not being partial to food and picky about food when they are nervous about their studies (especially during exams) to improve the quality of meals. In this way, all kinds of nutrients absorbed from daily food can meet the needs of intense mental work. It is not the best choice to take supplements such as nutrition and health care products.
20. The basic dietary requirements of physical exercise are: small amount of food, fine quality, high calorific value, small size and easy digestion, so as to reduce the gastrointestinal burden.
2 1, iodine deficiency has the greatest impact on human body: intellectual development.
22. The time to basically realize universal salt iodization in China is: 1995.
23. Studying, exercising and resting at the specified time every day is beneficial to the human body: the activities of the brain and the whole body form a certain law, which is beneficial to physical and mental health.
24. Pay attention to nutrition science, ensure reasonable nutrition, diversify food varieties as much as possible, and make the quantity of calories and various nutrients adequate and appropriate, otherwise it will lead to: overnutrition or lack of nutrition.
25. The arrangement of middle school students' daily life time is: generally, the total study time is 7-8 hours, and it is more appropriate to have a rest at about 10 in the evening. Sleep 8-9 hours, rest at noon 1 hour. There are 2-3 hours of outdoor activities every day (including physical exercise, walking to and from school, etc. ), and no more than 2-3 hours of social activities (including scientific and technological activities) per week. Three meals a day, especially breakfast, are essential, and each meal should be timed with an interval of 4-5 hours.
26. The benefits of sleep to the brain are: it can fully compensate the brain's consumption and give the brain a chance to rest and replenish nutrition. Therefore, sleeping is the best measure to protect the nervous system of the brain.
27. The harm of teenagers sleeping on the sofa bed for a long time is that the bones and muscles of the human body are abnormal, which is easy to cause spinal deformation, even hunchback and spinal curvature.
28. The main substances harmful to human health by smoking are nicotine, cigarette tar and carbon monoxide.
29. The reason why teenagers are prohibited from smoking is because teenagers are in the stage of growth and development, their tissues and organs are immature, delicate and fragile, and their resistance to various harmful substances is weak. Once you get into the bad habit of smoking, it will affect your physical development (mainly the heart and lung function) and suffer from various diseases, which is not good for your health.
Middle school students should not only ban smoking, but also carry out activities aimed at smokers: actively publicize the knowledge about the dangers of smoking, persuade smokers not to smoke in public places, and advise smokers to quit smoking as soon as possible.
3 1, the main components of wine are: alcohol (ethanol) and water.
32. The harm of teenagers' drinking to the nervous system is that alcohol can cause dizziness, headache, inattention, emotional instability and memory loss. , will affect their study, which is very unfavorable to teenagers who are studying. At the same time, alcoholism is easy to lose your manners after drinking and blaspheme civilization.
33. The advantages of regular physical exercise are: it can strengthen physical fitness, prevent diseases, shape a beautiful figure, and help improve academic performance and work ability.
34. The role of physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases is: it is beneficial to prevent coronary heart disease and arteriosclerosis.
35. The function of physical exercise on respiratory system is to enhance the contractility of respiratory muscles, expand the range of chest activities and increase vital capacity.
36. The effect of physical exercise on the growth and development of teenagers' bones is to make the bones grow long and thick, and make the body grow taller.
37. Teenagers should exchange views with their parents, teachers and elders, get their guidance and help as much as possible, and constantly overcome their childishness, impulsiveness and dependence in practice.
38. What is health?
Health means not only the absence of disease or weakness, but also the perfect state of physical and mental health and social happiness. Including three aspects, namely: (1) good health, no disease, that is, good health; (2) psychological balance, always maintaining a good psychological state, that is, mental health; (3) individuals and society are in harmony, that is, the social adaptability is strong.
39. What are the four healthy lifestyles advocated by WHO?
Don't smoke, drink less, exercise more and eat a balanced diet.
40. What are the main manifestations of lifestyle diseases?
(1) The lung cancer of smokers is 10 times higher than that of non-smokers, and the coronary heart disease is 13 times higher than that of non-smokers. Other cancers 1/3 ~ 1/4 are related to smoking.
(2) Long-term heavy drinking is prone to neurasthenia, gastritis, gastric ulcer, hepatitis, coronary heart disease, hypertension and arteriosclerosis.
(3) Too much salt is more harmful to hypertension.
(4) Eating too much sugar will lead to the decline of autoimmune function, and the risk of cancer is 4-5 times higher than that of ordinary people.
(5) Eating moldy, rotten, smoked and pickled food will not only cause food poisoning, but also induce cancer.
(6) Bad living habits and food hygiene are easy to catch gastrointestinal infectious diseases and hepatitis.
4 1. When is World Health Day?
April 7th is World Health Day.
42. What is mental health?
The so-called mental health means that people's inner world is rich, harmonious and peaceful, and they are in harmony and balance with the surrounding environment.
43, how to correctly handle interpersonal relationships?
1, strengthen ideological and moral cultivation and maintain psychological balance; 2. Cultivate a good personality that respects others and sincerely helps others; 3. Understand each other in everything and put yourself in each other's shoes; 4. Dare to uphold the truth and uphold justice.
44. How do middle-aged people do mental health?
1, stay optimistic and adapt to the social environment; 2. Adjust body and mind with a healthy lifestyle; 3. Create good interpersonal relationships; 4. Family harmony;
45. What is the blood pressure value of normal adults?
Normal blood pressure should be systolic pressure 90-140mmhg (12-18.7kpa) diastolic pressure 60? 90 mm Hg (8? 12kpa).
46. What is the pulse of normal adults?
Normal adults 60 per minute? 70 times (after running or when you are excited, you should take a break before testing)
47. How many times do normal adults breathe every minute?
Normal adults breathe every minute 14? 18 times.
48. What is the normal temperature?
Under normal circumstances, the adult's body temperature is 36.5-37℃.
49. What is a balanced diet?
The nutrients contained in a balanced diet are complete in variety, sufficient in content and appropriate in proportion; The nutrition provided by diet can keep a balance with the needs of the human body.
50. What range should adults control their daily salt intake?
The Nutrition Society of China suggested that the daily salt intake of adults should not exceed 10g, and even fewer patients with hypertension.
5 1. Can the refrigerator keep food for a long time?
I can't. Because of the low temperature in the refrigerator, it can only inhibit the growth and reproduction speed of bacteria but not kill them, and the storage time should be within 3 days. If bacteria are stored for too long, they will multiply slowly and increase, which will lead to food spoilage.
52、? World No Tobacco Day? What day is today?
May 3 1 day is World No Tobacco Day.
53. How to brush your teeth correctly?
The correct way to brush your teeth is vertical brushing, which should be avoided? Seesaw? Horizontal brush. Vertical brushing method: brush the upper teeth from top to bottom, brush the lower teeth from bottom to top, and brush back and forth inside and outside the occlusal surface for 3-5 minutes each time. Horizontal brushing can cause some dental diseases, such as gingival atrophy, root exposure, tooth neck defect and so on. A toothbrush should be a healthy toothbrush with a small head, soft hair and a suitable handle.
54. What are the disadvantages of spitting?
Bacteria and viruses in sputum will fly with dust, spread diseases and pollute the environment.
55. When is the World Asthma Prevention Day?
65438+February 1 1 is World Asthma Prevention Day.
56. When is World Tuberculosis Day?
March 24th is World Tuberculosis Day.
57. What is AIDS?
AIDS is an acute and fatal infectious disease that is prevalent all over the world. What's its full name? Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome? , abbreviation? Aids? . HIV (abbreviated as HIV) is a virus that can survive in human blood, semen and vaginal secretions. It can destroy the function of the immune system, make the human body lose the ability to resist various pathogenic factors and tumor invasion, and finally destroy the normal function of various systems of the human body, leading to death.
58. How is AIDS spread?
Sexual transmission: having sex with HIV-infected people (including the same sex) will infect AIDS.
Blood transmission: * * Injecting blood and blood products contaminated by HIV, transplanting organs of HIV carriers with syringes contaminated by HIV, injecting with unsterilized syringes, acupuncture, ear piercing, etc. may all be infected with HIV.
Mother-to-child transmission: the mother is infected with HIV, which can be transmitted to the baby during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.
59. World AIDS Day?
The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated 65438+February 1 every year as World AIDS Day.
Healthy diet for teenagers 1. Eat more cereal to provide enough energy.
Teenagers need more energy than adults, and men need more energy than women, which is about10040-11720 kilojoules (2400-2800 kilocalories) per day.
2. Ensure the intake of fish, meat, eggs, milk, beans, vegetables and fruits.
The demand for protein in adolescence is particularly prominent, reaching 80 ~ 90g per day, of which 40% ~ 50% should be high-quality protein, so there should be enough animal food and soybean food in the diet; Vitamins A, D, C, B and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, zinc and iron play an important role in the physical and mental development of teenagers. In particular, the intake of calcium, according to the national nutrition survey data, is 34L-374mg per person per day, which is only 38% of the supply standard. 9%￣52。 5%, so milk and dairy products are indispensable in the diet.
3. Avoid overeating, picky eaters and blind dieting, eat less snacks and develop good eating hygiene habits.
For girls, due to the influence of social atmosphere and customs, paying too much attention to their body shape, blindly losing weight or even dieting may seriously affect their feeding behavior, while the physiological development characteristics of girls require that they should not consume too little fat; 25% ~ 30% of girls' daily energy supply should come from fat, and the ratio of animal fat to plant fat is 1: 2. Healthy snacks include dairy products such as milk and yogurt, various fresh fruits and vegetables, nuts such as peanuts and walnuts. In addition, don't eat too many snacks and don't affect the dinner.
4. Develop a good habit of eating breakfast
If necessary, add a cup of milk or soybean milk between classes; A nutritious breakfast not only ensures the normal development of factory teenagers, but also plays an important role in improving their learning efficiency.
5. Take part in sports activities and strengthen physical exercise.
The combination of moderate exercise and reasonable nutrition can promote the growth and development of teenagers, improve cardiopulmonary function, improve people's endurance, reduce body fat and improve mental state. This economic, practical, effective, drug-free and side-effect-free measure plays an important role in improving the quality of life and health of our people.
6. Adolescent studies are heavy, and attention should be paid to nutrition and diet during intense study such as exams.
When the human body is under stress, the consumption of some nutrients such as protein, vitamin A and vitamin C will increase. Pay attention to the supplement of these nutrients. Fish, lean meat, liver, milk, bean products and other foods are rich in protein and vitamins, while fresh vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamin C and minerals.