Bailudong collage
Bailudong Academy can be said to be the first lecture-style school in China, located in the southeast of Wulaofeng Mountain, far from the central scenic spot of Lushan Mountain. You can drive north from Guanyin Bridge. If you live in Guling Town, you can walk along the route to Sandiequan, which takes about half an hour by car.
The trees on both sides of the road are green and lovely, and there are many towering trees, which are even more quaint and quiet. Because the academy is located in the middle of the ravine, surrounded by the Castle Peak Arch overlooking the cave, Li Bo once studied in seclusion here in the Tang Dynasty and raised a white deer named Mr. Bailuyuan, so it was named Bailudong. In such a deep place, there is also a stream with clear water, called Guandaoxi. The stream can be heard, which is even more elegant and indifferent. This is really a good place to study.
When Zhu, a famous educator in the Southern Song Dynasty, was an official in Jiangxi, in order to carry forward the Neo-Confucianism he insisted on, two applicants applied to build an academy here, and wrote in the book: "... as for the school, there is only one district in one county and one city, and there is no county subordinate ..." This shows his painstaking education at that time. After being approved, he personally became a cave owner, raised funds to build houses, collected books, hired famous teachers, accepted students and gave lectures in person. The "White Deer Cave Regulations" formulated by him has become the educational purpose for 700 years. The five principles of "erudition, interrogation, deliberation, discernment and conviction" have always been the golden rule of reading.
The existing buildings of Bailudong Academy include Ziyang Academy, Academy gatehouse, Bailudong Academy and Fengchunlou, all built along Guandaoxi. Entering the gatehouse of the Academy, there is a small bridge called Pillow Bridge, the name of which was inscribed by Zhu himself. In the academy, you can look at the monument erected by Zhu Lu to give lectures. Out of the academy, it is Yan Bin Building, and the main building is Feng Chun Building. Good name. According to legend, it is Zhu's residence in Bailudong Academy. In front of the building, stands a bronze statue of Zhu. As a great educator, he deserves our memory.
Yuelu academy
Yuelu Academy is located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain, the last peak in Nanyue, Changsha, Hunan, hence its name. The embryonic form of Yuelu Academy can be traced back to the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, but it also flourished in the Song Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhu Dong, the secretariat of Tanzhou, formally founded Yuelu Academy. By 1926, Hunan University was built on this basis, known as the "Millennium University" in the world. Therefore, Yuelu Academy in a broad sense is Hunan University, and Yuelu Academy in a narrow sense is an old academy on the university campus. If you want to visit the old hospital, just look for Hunan University.
Follow the sign and cross the campus of Hunan University, and you can vaguely see an old building next to the tall building. Turn along a path by the pond and suddenly you will see the words "Yuelu Academy". The couplets on both sides of the gate are "Only Chu is talented and prospers in Sri Lanka", which eulogizes the prosperity of Xiang Chu's talent and praises Yuelu Academy for bringing up many talents.
The academy consists of three parts: the garden, the school and the Imperial Bookstore. The garden is not big, and several scenic spots, such as "The Qujian Quanming", "Watching Fish in Blue Waves" and "Bamboo Grove with Winter Vegetables", are all elegant names, especially in subtle arrangements, such as stone piers, stone inscriptions, monuments and stone carvings, which are full of books. "Talking" is a unique lecture activity of Yuelu Academy. It is often discussed by people of different schools or different academic viewpoints in Yuelu Academy, analyzing similarities and differences, and combining academic research with teaching activities, which is not only inspiring to students, but also rewarding to teachers themselves. After the lecture hall and the back screen, it suddenly became clear, and the Imperial Book Building was built here. This ancient library, which used to collect imperial books, has suffered disasters, been destroyed and built repeatedly, and now has more than 50 thousand volumes for teaching and scientific research by students at home and abroad.
Song Yang Academy of Classical Learning
Songyang Academy is located at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain, at the foot of Taishi Mountain, and it is named because it is located in the sun of Songshan Mountain. Songyang Academy was founded in the Northern Wei Dynasty, but it was not until the famous Confucian scholars Sima Guang, Fan Zhongyan, Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao gave lectures here in succession that the Academy became famous.
Take bus No.2 from Dengfeng to Songyang Academy. The establishment of the academy is simple and generous, with five courtyards along the central axis. It has successively been the mountain gate, ancestral hall, lecture hall, Taoist temple and Tibetan scripture building.
A 9-meter-high monument to the Tang Dynasty stands outside the college gate. It is the largest existing monument in Henan Province and is known as the "King of Songshan Monument". The inscription was written by Xu Hao, a great calligrapher at that time. Those who like calligraphy can read it carefully. But because the inscription was written by treacherous court official Li, it was reviled by later generations, which really made this good monument miserable. Entering the academy, facing the gate, there are two giant cypresses named "General" and "Second General". General Paco12m, with a circumference of 5.4m, leaning against a tree. The second common cypress is18.2m high and12.54m thick. There is a hole in the lower part of the trunk, like a doorway. This hole can accommodate five or six people. According to research, this tree is over 4000 years old. Mr. Zhao Puchu once left a hymn "There are cypresses in Songyang for three thousand years."
There is a foreign pond shaped like "RMB" behind the lecture hall, and all those who pass the examination for outstanding talents will hold ceremonies around the pond. It is said that Confucius' former residence is surrounded by waterfront and ponds to commemorate Confucius, which shows that only by learning from the past can the country and the people conquer the world, which is a moral requirement of Confucianism.
yingtianfu academy of classical learning
Yingtianfu Academy, also known as Suiyang Academy, is located in the south of Shangqiu County. Founded in the late Jin Dynasty, it gained great popularity in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Another person who made Yingtianfu Academy famous was Fan Zhongyan, who sang "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later". Fan Zhongyan was a man with great ambitions when he was studying here. Although he was so poor that he could only eat pickles and porridge for a long time (the story of rowing and cutting porridge is told by Fan Zhongyan), he studied hard all year round, smelling chickens dancing in the early hours of spring, summer, autumn and winter, and then studying poetry books until midnight. Since Yingtianfu Academy is free, which is the biggest reason why Fan Zhongyan chose this academy, there should be many scholars like Fan Zhongyan in the academy. From this aspect, we can also see that the style of study of Yingtianfu Academy is very hard and rigorous.
Fan Zhongyan is also a hands-on teacher. Whenever he gives homework to various life problems, he should write one first, grasp the difficulty of the problem and the focus of writing, so that students can improve their writing level quickly. This practice. Compared with the phenomenon that many professors talk eloquently when giving lectures today, it is really a world of difference and is really worth learning by future generations.
Yingtianfu Academy was originally located in the old town of Shangqiu, and the complete academy is no longer there. We can only look at some remaining buildings.