The living conditions of every place will be influenced by the regional and human environment. For example, the houses on the Loess Plateau are caves and yurts, and the houses of the Gelao nationality are Ganba. Gan Lan architecture is a major feature of Gelao culture. What are the characteristics of Gan Lan architecture of Gelao nationality? Why do Gelao people build dry fences at home? Let's have a look.
Bar is a kind of wooden floor building. Some areas in the south are low-lying, humid and warm. In order to have good ventilation and moisture-proof performance, our ancestors built dry fence houses.
This kind of wooden house is generally composed of several wooden stakes, logs and boards, and the bottom frame is made of wooden pillars, which is higher than the ground. The bottom frame is constructed by piling. After piling is completed, beams are placed on the upper frame, then the floor is laid, and then the beam frame and roof are erected on the floor to form an empty frame building.
Ganlan building can not only prevent snakes, insects and animals, but also prevent moisture. Poultry and livestock can also be raised below. Up to now, some ethnic minority areas in southwest China are still using this ancient architectural form.
A dry house refers to a house built on a wooden column underframe above the ground. The concrete construction method is based on vertical wooden stakes, and 0 # bamboo keel is erected on the wooden stakes as the foundation for supporting the suspension of the floor slab. Then, wooden posts and beams are erected on the foundation to build a frame fence and roof, and the wooden posts and beams are filled with thatched bark, bamboo strips or grass mud.
Gan Lan-style houses are also called Gan Lan, Gaolan, Ge Lan and Ge Lan in China's ancient books, and modern Japanese call them high beds. Water houses or fence houses seen in archaeology and ethnology belong to Gan Lan-style houses.
The nest of literature and legend is considered as the earliest predecessor of Gan Lan Palace.
The main function of the dry enclosure house is to isolate the house from the ground, so as to achieve the purpose of effective moisture prevention.
In addition, according to ethnological materials, it still has the effect of effectively using an empty room and a room for various purposes. For example, in modern times, Baima people in Wang Ba Tibetan Township, Pingwu County, Sichuan Province built houses with wooden fences. These houses are divided into upper and lower floors. According to the custom of Baima people, the lower floor is used to raise livestock and the upper floor is used to live people. In other ethnic minority areas, we can also see examples of Baima people building houses with fences.
Baima people claim to be descendants of ancient clans. If so, the Gan Lan-style living customs in this area can be traced back to the pre-Qin period. According to archaeological findings, the earliest known residence in Gan Lan is Gan Lan residence unearthed from Hemudu site in Yuyao, Zhejiang.
Gan Lan dwellings unearthed in Hemudu are large in area and scale. Repairable raft piles No.8, 10, 12 and 13 may belong to a group of slender buildings. According to the distribution length analysis of the existing 10 row piles, this group of buildings is at least 23 meters long. The distance from the eighth row of piles to the 12 row of piles is 6.4m, indicating that the depth of this group of buildings is about 7m.
The distance between 12 pile and 13 pile 1.3m constitutes the front porch of this group of buildings. According to this restoration, Hemudu site is a long house with a front porch and a wall. Its construction method adopts advanced technology, such as beam head tenon and column nest, corner column nest, column head, column foot tenon, tenon with small nail holes, square wood insert, lattice, tongue-and-groove plate and so on.
Hemudu-style Ganlan dwellings are found in Majiabang culture and Liangzhu cultural sites in Jiangsu and Zhejiang in Neolithic Age, such as Qianyangshan in Zhejiang, Luojiajiao in Tongxiang, Vanilla River in Danyang, Jiangsu and Meiyan in Xing Wu.
This kind of dry railing residence was also found in the Neolithic site at the entrance of Jianchuan Sea in Yunnan. The model of Taoganlan House with long ridge and short eaves found in Yingpanli Neolithic site in Qingjiang, Jiangxi Province is an important evidence of the folk customs of Gan Lan in Neolithic age in this area.
Large-scale wooden structures discovered in the Shang Dynasty ruins of the 12th Bridge in Chengdu, Sichuan, and the Maojiazui ruins in Qichun, Hubei in the early Western Zhou Dynasty show that the dry fence architecture and living customs in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties are still an important part of ancient Chinese architecture.
Gan Lan architecture is the architectural style of southern minorities. In ancient times, it was very popular in the Baiyue ethnic areas in the south. This kind of building is mainly made of bamboo and wood. It is mainly a two-story building, with animals and sundries stacked on the lower floor and people living on the upper floor.
This kind of building is suitable for people who live in rainy and humid places. Now it is mainly popular in relatively remote Zhuang areas, including central and western Guangxi, southeastern Yunnan, southwestern Guizhou and northern Vietnam. Other ethnic groups also have Gan Lan, but they are more influenced by China architecture and Buddhist architecture.