Pulitzer was born on April 6th, 1947 in Makou, a small Hungarian town. It is close to the Romanian border and the land is fertile. His father was an educated Jewish grain merchant, and his mother was a beautiful woman of German descent and a Catholic. Pulitzer is the second child, the boss has passed away, the third is Albert, and the fourth is a girl named Emma. The three brothers and sisters were disciplined by tutors since childhood, especially strict language training in German and French.

When Pulitzer was young, his family was well-off and he didn't worry about food and clothing. But soon after his father died of a heart attack, his life changed a lot. His mother remarried. He didn't get along well with his stepfather Blau, which made him suffer a lot at home, so he wanted to go out and be independent. /kloc-Pulitzer, 0/7 years old, left Budapest like this.

At first, Pulitzer wanted to be an Austrian soldier, but he was rejected because he was too young, had poor eyesight and was thin. So he went to Paris and London and asked to join a foreign legion, but he still ran into a wall everywhere. Then he went to Hamburg, Germany. There, a German said to him, "Young man, I can let you go to America as a soldier by boat." Pulitzer believes that there were a large number of unemployed people everywhere at that time, and it was difficult to find a job. Young people can only fill their stomachs when they are soldiers. The United States is far away, but the Germans bombed the treatment of American soldiers, and he readily agreed ... 1864, the American civil war is in full swing, and the tense atmosphere permeates every corner of North America. In Boston harbor on the north east coast, it was dead in the middle of the night, and nothing could be seen on the dark water except the flashing lights on the ship. On a boat in the harbor, a boy of 17 years old looked around for a while and jumped into the cold sea quickly when the people on board were not looking. He dived into the water, drifted away from the boat, and then leaned out to catch his breath. In the afternoon, when the ship approached the coast, he had already seen the land position in advance. He began to swim to the shore. He was exhausted after swimming for a while. He floated on the water for a while and was cold all over. He can hardly hold on. He wanted to shout "help", but as soon as he shouted, the US Coast Guard soldiers would shoot him. Even if he is not killed, the coastal defense personnel will send him back to the ship. Wouldn't that be a waste of effort? He gritted his teeth and swam forward again Suddenly, something hard hit him where it hurts. Ah, isn't this a stake on the shore? He finally reached his destination. The boy 17 years old who ventured into the sea was named Joseph Pulitzer. This Pulitzer, who later became famous in the United States, became a rich man and the founder of the press, and thus set foot on the American mainland. Moreover, after Pulitzer sneaked ashore, he found that the farmland scenery in the United States was very different from that in Hungary, with a vast territory and few people, but everything was in good order, and the life of American farmers was much better than that in their hometown. It took Pulitzer nearly a week to reach new york. New york is no bigger than some cities in Europe, and it is not very beautiful, but it is full of thriving scenes. There are many commercial buildings, and the new houses are built higher and higher, reaching the sky. He especially likes the way people talk quickly. Here, he can feel the leap and growth of life. Like himself, new york City is young and full of vitality. Pulitzer studied English seriously. Because of his flexible mind and strong memory, he soon mastered some simple conversations. Pulitzer felt that it was not a long-term solution to make a living by odd jobs, so he found the headquarters of the Coalition forces and signed up as a soldier. He was received by a sergeant of Lincoln Cavalry. Seeing that his English was awkward, the sergeant suddenly asked him in German, "Can you ride a horse? Children. " At this time, Pulitzer's heart was beating violently. For a child who grew up in rural Hungary, riding a horse is his favorite and best. When he asked what "cavalry" meant, he nodded happily. The sergeant took him to the officer. The officer patted him on the shoulder kindly: "If you want to fight for this country, you must have just disembarked.". You have to prove that you can become an American, right? " This is great. You found the right place. The members of Lincoln cavalry here are all noble families from Germany, and they will take care of you like brothers. "Therefore, at the age of 17, Pulitzer became the youngest soldier in the Lincoln Cavalry.

Strict military discipline. Pulitzer rides a horse quite well, but he doesn't behave like a soldier. He can't stand straight or walk well. Once the monitor scolded him, he kept talking back and got a heavy slap from the monitor. Pulitzer's eccentric appearance and neurotic expression often make commanders unhappy. Once the commander flew into a rage and shouted, "Tell him to fuck off! There are no such fools in our army. This kind of words deeply hurt Pulitzer's heart and made him farther and farther away from the soldiers. Later, he learned that he was a radish head in the eyes of veterans who suffered from many battles and wars. The veterans watched their relatives, friends and comrades-in-arms and lost their lives in the war. The inner pain can be imagined. Young Pulitzer didn't understand what war was all about, but he often talked about it and was arrogant. How can veterans and officers not hate him? The cavalry's food is good, and the developing Pulitzer is the same every day, growing strong and tall. Gradually, the company commander, Captain Lanser, began to like him. When he was free, he called him to the tent to play chess with him. Captain Lanser told him that a wide range of interests and profound knowledge are the advantages after the war, but there can be no personal behavior in the barracks, and obeying orders is the first duty of soldiers. When people ask you to move forward, you can't retreat. The director will consider it for you. It is not private Pulitzer's business to guess what the cavalry captain will do or what President Lincoln will decide. The captain of the basketball team also praised him, saying that his riding skills were among the best in the company. Pulitzer nodded frequently and seemed to understand a lot.

But early the next morning, Pulitzer was in trouble again. He was late and disheveled when he assembled early in the morning. The monitor of the value star growled and ordered him to step out of the team, reprimanding loudly, and all the vicious words were moved out, even the ancestors and the motherland were scolded. Pulitzer was so angry that he punched the monitor in the face with all his strength. Whoever hurts his self-esteem in his character will be furious. The soldiers were stunned and went up to pull him away. At this time, a platoon leader heard the sound. The platoon leader couldn't believe his ears when he heard that soldiers dared to beat officers. Pulitzer was taken to the headquarters building and locked in the brig by armed soldiers, which was the most terrible experience in his life. In time of war, he may be shot. But he doesn't regret what he did. Whoever dares to insult him again, he will do it again. Soon, Captain Lanser came. Pulitzer asked, "Did you drag me out and shoot me?" Captain Lanser said, "You are thinking again. The army will not treat a child under 18 like this. But the monitor you beat tried to kill you. Fortunately, many soldiers intercede for you. " Pulitzer looked at the captain gratefully, with tears on his cheeks. Captain Lanser said, "I have come to say goodbye to you. I will be transferred to another army." You must remember what I said and don't challenge the army before the war is over. "

Pulitzer returned to the company after he was released from prison. He remembered Captain Lanser's advice, and since then, in this last period of time in the army, he has never made any mistakes. He is no longer an optimistic and lively little boy. This experience left an indelible scar on his life and made him unwilling to find friendship with anyone in the future. 1865 On May 23rd, the Allied Forces held their last military parade in Washington, and President Lincoln declared the American Civil War over. Pulitzer got his last salary. Like many homeless soldiers, he decided to stay in new york. In post-war new york, a large number of veterans made the unemployed army, which was difficult to find a job, even bigger. If there is a job opportunity, hundreds of people will apply. Pulitzer's English is still not good and he has no expertise. It is difficult to find a job. His life became more and more difficult, and then there was a hole in his coat, so he couldn't afford a new one. Still, Pulitzer tried to look clean. As long as he has a dime in his pocket, he will still go to a small shop affiliated to a French hotel to find someone to shine his shoes. One day, the shoeshine man said to him, a soldier, please help him and stop shoeshine. Pulitzer asked why? The shoeshine man has to say that the rich people in French hotels don't want to sit with him and shine shoes. Pulitzer looked at his shabby clothes, then at the contemptuous look from the rich man, and immediately understood what was going on. This embarrassing situation made Pulitzer determined to leave the city; Moreover, he vowed to return to this place one day, buy this French hotel, and then raze it to the ground to rebuild a skyscraper unparalleled in the world here.

That day, Pulitzer happened to meet a comrade-in-arms of Lincoln Cavalry. His comrades advised him to go west, where is the real America, so Pulitzer decided to go to St. Louis, Missouri. He believes that his hope will come true there. Pulitzer left new york with only a few copper coins. He sold his only valuable thing-a silk handkerchief. He went to St Louis on foot and by train. When he saw the Mississippi River, he was not only broke, but also sold some clothes. The distance he traveled is equivalent to the distance from Budapest to London via Paris. He took the beautiful photo of his mother with him and took it out from time to time. It was the only brief moment when he could be comforted.

Pulitzer arrived in the Mississippi River on the evening of June 10 that year, just in time for a thunderstorm. He was cold and hungry, looking at the light across the street, but helpless. There is no bridge and no money to take the ferry. He was trembling all over and didn't know how to get through the night. He stood on the shore and watched the ferries come and go. When the boatman told him to go away, he just pretended not to hear. Pulitzer waited for another ferry to dock, so he crustily skin of head and asked the boatman, "Do you need manpower? I have to go to St. Louis, but I have no money on me. If I stay here, I will freeze to death ... "The boatman carefully looked at his face that turned purple because of the cold, and finally pleaded with the captain for him. The captain promised to let him go aboard to burn the boiler so that he could cross the river by boat for free. The ship finally landed. Pulitzer shoveled coal all night, his limbs were weak and his whole body ached, and he almost fell down when he got off the boat. The captain gave him some money and told him where to find a place to eat and live. He found the cheapest hotel and fell asleep.

In the afternoon, Pulitzer was awakened by the noise. When I got up and looked out of the window, I saw the sun shining on the wide Mississippi River. St. Louis was so full of vitality. He came to the street and bought a loaf of bread to eat while walking. At the moment, the streets are full of hunters and businessmen, and of course there are elegant ladies and poor workers. New commercial buildings, banks and schools can be seen everywhere. These beautiful pictures convince Pulitzer that St. Louis is a city that can seek a bright future.

Pulitzer got a job the next day. Because of his thin body, he can't do rough work, and he has a bad temper and is a little arrogant. He didn't want to do that kind of bossy thing. He changed his job after job, working as a mule driver, sailor, construction worker, dock coolie, restaurant waiter and coachman, but none of them were really happy. Pulitzer was lucky to rent a good house and live with a German family. The landlord advised him to find a permanent job. If you want to find a decent job, you must learn English well first. So he came to the library, got a job and worked for the library for 2 hours every day in exchange for the convenience of borrowing books at will. Pulitzer rushed to the library every morning, reading eagerly while working, and at work time, he rushed to work in a law firm. In the library, he met a professor named Thomas. Open-minded and eager to learn, Pulitzer won the favor of Thomas, and the two hit it off and chatted very speculatively. Thomas had a great influence on Pulitzer's future life.

From 65438 to 0868, after Pulitzer became a lawyer, his business never improved because he had no money to open a law firm, and because he was young and could not speak English well. One night, two people were playing chess in the library. One of them has not been decided yet. Pulitzer, who stood behind and watched, reminded him: "Don't take that step!" "Both of them looked at him with their mouths wide open in surprise. One of them said, "Dude, if you take that step, you lose. "Pulitzer stood on the other side, took a few steps and said," Sir, if you deal with him like this, you will still win. " The two men looked at Pulitzer and the chessboard, as if stunned by the strange young man's chess skills. When Pulitzer was about to leave, one of them stopped him and said, "Young man, I want to meet you, a chess player, and introduce you to a good friend of mine. This is Mr Amir, and my name is Susie. " Pulitzer couldn't help sticking out his tongue. He is so ignorant that he dares to proudly guide two famous people to play chess. In St. Louis, everyone knows Emile and Susie, especially Susie, who is one of the founders of the Republican Party and helped Lincoln run for president in the past. Susie is from Germany and served as the special envoy of the United States to Spain. He was a major general during the Civil War and is now a senator from Mississippi. These two people own a St. Louis western post.

When Susie heard Pulitzer say that he had served in the Lincoln Cavalry, he exchanged glances with Emil. At the same time, they thought that this young man, who was only 20 years old, had worked as a cavalry, a handyman and a lawyer, and he was well informed and good at chess. Just like a reporter of the Western Post resigned, he had to find someone to fill the vacancy. Susie and Emile both thought of Pulitzer. They asked Pulitzer if he would like to be a journalist. Pulitzer said, of course, he wants to be, but he has never written an article, fearing that he is not competent. They encouraged him to learn by doing, saying that he was smart and would soon be competent. On Pulitzer's first day at work, the editor-in-chief sent him to interview a theft case. When he arrived at the stolen place, many colleagues in other newspapers had got the news. Pulitzer not only conducted a detailed interview, but also helped the case handlers analyze the case. As a result, the case was quickly solved, and Pulitzer also wrote a wonderful report. Even the editor-in-chief who has great doubts about his ability has to admire the young man.

In the next few weeks, Pulitzer wrote many reports. The reason why he can write so many reports in one breath is that he writes quickly and doesn't waste a minute. After receiving the task, he ran all over the street. He not only reported the difficulties faced by the municipal government, but also wrote about the fights of dockers, even trivial matters that other newspapers never mentioned. He thinks that newspapers serve the public, so they should report interesting stories around them. If Susie had not supported his point of view, his manuscript would not have been published. As soon as his article was published, readers rushed to circulate it, and immediately Luoyang paper was expensive, and post sales soared. Suzy, the owner of the newspaper, transferred Pulitzer to Jefferson City as the newspaper's special correspondent in the city to cover the news of the state legislature meeting. In the first month of his political interview in the capital, he penetrated into the political core of the parliament. Due to the influence and cultivation of Mr. Susie, Pulitzer entered a brand-new world. Susie thinks that this young man is a genius in journalism and will keep pace with himself one day.

As Susie said,186965438+In February, Pulitzer was elected as a state legislator through elections. After entering the parliament, he dared to speak out, especially for corrupt officials, just like publishing an attack article in a newspaper. Pulitzer learned that the whereabouts of a large amount of taxes collected by St. Louis municipal authorities were unknown, so he proposed a bill to trace it. At that time, some members strongly opposed it and even publicly threatened his personal safety. Friends also advised Pulitzer not to fight with these powerful people, saying that they would kill you. But he still stuck to his principles, and while the parliament was struggling with them, he wrote an inside story and published it in the Post. Due to the pressure of public opinion, the authorities were forced to track down and bring the officials who committed corruption and bribery to justice. Because of this, Pulitzer was appointed by the governor as one of the three policemen in St. Louis. He is only 23 years old this year. He came to St. Louis penniless, and before long, he became a household name in this city.

Today's Pulitzer is a petty bourgeois. He took time to go back to his hometown. After returning to Budapest, he threw himself into his mother's arms, and the mother and son hugged each other tightly, and tears rolled down. In nine years, a wandering poor child became a rich boss and government official of a newspaper, which Pulitzer's stepfather couldn't believe.

After Pulitzer returned to America, he went straight to St. Louis. During this time, he did a business and made a lot of money. The reason for making money was that he bought a newspaper and sold it to Michella, the news giant at that time, and made a net profit of 20,000 dollars. The residents of St. Louis have to admit that Pulitzer is also a man with a business vision. One day, Pulitzer suddenly told a friend that he was going to Washington, D.C. to be a special correspondent for The New York Sun. He has every reason to go to Washington. He came back from visiting relatives in Europe, stayed there for a few days, and met a girl who moved him. The girl's name is Katie.

After Pulitzer arrived in Washington, he gradually fell in love with Katie. But it's hard for Katie's parents to accept the Pulitzer Prize. In their minds, journalism is not worth a lifetime. Pulitzer made up his mind to work hard, hoping to make a name for himself in journalism. He is convinced that this industry can also get ahead.

In June, Pulitzer and Katie finally got married. After their marriage, the young couple went to Europe for their honeymoon. The couple's life has been very happy. After traveling in Europe 10 months, they returned to St. Louis. Pulitzer found that an old newspaper in St. Louis, St. Louis Express, was about to be sold because of poor management, so he bought the Express for $25,000. In this way, 3 1 year-old Pulitzer finally had his own newspaper. But the circulation of this newspaper is only 24. In order to change its old appearance, Pulitzer renamed it St. Louis Express Post, and he published the purpose of distribution on the front page of the new newspaper-this newspaper serves no political party except the people; This newspaper is not the spokesman of * * and the party, but only reports the facts; This newspaper will not support the president or congress, but will only criticize it fairly and cautiously; This newspaper will attack all crimes and corruption. ...

Express mail is for the public. It publishes reports closely related to the public every day, as well as articles and pictures that the public likes to see. Deeply loved by the public, the circulation has soared. Pulitzer also likes to publish some thought-provoking and controversial articles, such as a tax-related article. It publishes the taxes paid by the rich and big businessmen, as well as the taxes paid by workers and small businessmen. Readers can clearly see that the rich pay little tax, but the poor pay more tax than them. As soon as the article appeared in the newspaper, it was snapped up within a few hours. Pulitzer nailed the last newspaper to the window in front of the newspaper, and hid himself to listen to the reaction of the crowded readers to the newspaper.

Pulitzer will naturally offend people by doing so. Some big businessmen became angry and colluded with those big tax evaders and withdrew their advertisements in the Express. Now Pulitzer's loss is not small, but his determination to challenge evil forces has not wavered. What Pulitzer hated most in his life was political corruption. He once wrote in the Express: "What is the biggest destroyer of our political life? Corruption, of course. Why does it cause corruption? Nature is greedy for money. Who is the biggest instigator of greed? ..... money is the biggest attraction in the world today. Some people sell their souls for it, some people sell their bodies for it, and some people regard money as everything ... "

As a publisher and editor-in-chief, Pulitzer is quite busy. My career is expanding day by day, and I need a right-hand man. He almost traveled all over the country, and finally found a man named Kirkley, with similar personality and great courage. Pulitzer appointed him editor-in-chief In this way, Pulitzer can concentrate on being the boss of the newspaper. 188 1 year, the sales of Speedpost increased greatly, and Pulitzer made a lot of money. He shares part of the profits with his employees. In addition to the high salary, the editor-in-chief also participates in dividends at the end of the year. Newsboy who works hard can get a gold watch or a silver watch. Every Christmas, all employees can enjoy the whole chicken dinner. At this time, Pulitzer was already the father of three children. Although marriage and career are going well, Pulitzer's health is not as good as before.

1in the autumn of 882, just as he and his family were preparing to go to California for a holiday, an important event happened in the newspaper. A lawyer named Schlebeck was angered by an article against him in the newspaper, so he came to the newspaper with a gun to make trouble. Kirkley shot him in self-defense. This case almost destroyed Pulitzer and his newspaper. Enemies from all directions gathered in front of the newspaper and threatened to execute Pulitzer. The crazy crowd even threw the lighted torch into the window. Pulitzer believes that killing people is definitely a bad thing anyway, and whoever does it is the same. The west is changing every day, from barbarism to civilization. We should rely on the legal system to solve this problem. He's ready. He first released Kirkley on bail pending trial. He led his family to new york himself.

At this time, new york is very different from when he just retired from the cavalry, and has become a very prosperous metropolis. In order to gain a foothold in new york, Pulitzer thought it best to run a newspaper. So he bought a debt-ridden Le Monde. In May, 1883, 1 1, the first issue of New World News was published, which immediately caused a sensation. Many newspaper editors shook their heads and thought that this kind of newspaper wouldn't work in new york. But it publishes an editorial written by Pulitzer every week. The editorial spoke out the voices of the workers and launched a fierce attack on the rich and powerful in new york.

Le Monde spoke profound truth in the most easy-to-understand language and quickly won readers. Pulitzer also used his position as a newspaper to support Grover Cleveland in the presidential election. Le Monde listed four reasons to support him: 1. He is an honest man; 2. He is an honest man; 3. He is an honest man; He is an honest man. In just a few years later, Le Monde became the leading newspaper in the United States, and the shock it brought made people have to look at it with new eyes. Pulitzer is keen on politics. 1885, elected as the representative of new york by a high vote.

However, his wife was dissatisfied with Katie. The busier her husband is, the less time he spends at home with her and her children. One day Katie joked with Pulitzer, "Joseph, you haven't been home all day." Is there another woman outside? " Pulitzer nodded and said, "Yes, much more beautiful than you, and I like her very much ..." Originally, Pulitzer said the Statue of Liberty. In Congress, he heard that the French raised a large sum of money to build the Statue of Liberty as a gift to the American people. The Statue of Liberty has taken shape and is waiting for the dress to be shipped to America. It was suggested that she be placed in a higher place in Rhode Island, so that everyone who enters new york Harbor can see it, but Congress has been slow to pass the appropriation budget.

Pulitzer wants to raise a sum of money so that French gifts can arrive in new york as soon as possible. Then he appealed for donations through Le Monde. The voice of Le Monde was immediately answered. 1886 10 When the Statue of Liberty stood in new york Harbour, Pulitzer and celebrities from all over the world stood in the ranks of presiding over the ceremony.

1887, Pulitzer was busy with an election in new york. He made speeches, wrote articles and planned elections day and night. His health is getting worse. One night, the editor-in-chief Kirkley walked into Pulitzer's office and saw him looking straight at himself with two lines of tears on his face. It turns out that Pulitzer can't see anything. He is blind.

In order to recuperate, Pulitzer and Katie started a long and leisurely trip around the world, passing through India, China and Japan. After returning to America, Pulitzer plans to build a new building for Le Monde. The land he bought was the location of a French hotel where he was dressed in an old military uniform when he left the army, was rejected by the rich, and even refused to shine his shoes.

1890 65438+February 10, the new Pulitzer building, the tallest building in new york, was completed. This is a 20-story building, with the basement as a printing house, the sales department on the first floor, high-grade office buildings for rent on the second to tenth floors, and the hub of Le Monde above the tenth floor. The gilded dome is Pulitzer's office. The eleventh floor is a beautiful bedroom suite for editors who can't go home after working overtime. Pulitzer has no debt to build this building. This $2 million building is entirely his own.