Publishers are people who transport books, periodicals, audio-visual products, electronic publications and other publications from the publishing field to the consumption field.

Notice on Implementing the Professional Qualification Certificate System for Book Publishers Press and Publication Bureaus and Labor (Labor and Personnel) Bureaus of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government: Since the reform and opening up, with the deepening of the national economic system reform and publishing reform, China's book distribution system has made great progress, forming a book circulation system with state-owned bookstores as the main body, various economic components, various circulation channels and various forms of purchase and sale. At present, there are 240,000 book distribution employees in China. The book distribution industry is not only an industry in the circulation field, but also an important position in the construction of spiritual civilization. Book distribution is not only a propaganda and education work, but also a service work to provide spiritual food for the broad masses of the people. We should always put social benefits first. The characteristics of book publishing industry require book publishers to have high political quality, professional quality and professional ethics. In view of the particularity of book distribution, the Ministry of Labor approved that book distribution practitioners should be trained before taking up their posts, and listed it as a unique type of work in the news publishing industry. In order to improve the overall quality of book publishing units and establish a stable and good book market order, the Interim Provisions on Strengthening the Management of Collective, Individual and Private Bookstores (Stalls) ([89]) issued by the Press and Publication Administration and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, according to the labor law, the 1996 winter concentrated action plan for "eliminating pornography" and "fighting illegal publications" forwarded by the General Office of the Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council. The relevant issues are hereby notified as follows: 1. The appraisal objects are state-owned enterprises and institutions, collectives, individuals, private bookstores (stalls) and other personnel engaged in book wholesale and retail work and other personnel who voluntarily participate in the professional qualification appraisal of book distribution. Two. Application conditions The professional qualifications of book publishers are divided into three levels: junior, middle and advanced. To participate in the professional qualification appraisal of book publishers at all levels, must meet the requirements of the People's Republic of China (PRC) Vocational Skills Appraisal Standard (Book Publishers). Third, the appraisal content is based on the China People's Vocational Skills Appraisal Standard (Book Distributor), the China People's Technical Grade Standard (Press and Publication) and the unified textbook for book distributor qualification, and the appraisal content of junior, middle and senior book distributors is determined respectively. Iv. Appraisal Methods According to the different appraisal requirements of junior, middle and senior book publishers, the theoretical knowledge and operational skills were appraised respectively. Theoretical knowledge needs written examination and closed-book examination, and operational skills need practical operation examination. The assessment score is 100, with 60 points passing, and both assessments passing. The validity period of individual qualified assessment and appraisal results is two years. V. Organizing the implementation of the vocational qualification certificate system for book distribution practitioners Under the unified leadership of the Ministry of Labor and the Press and Publication Administration, the Vocational Skills Appraisal Guidance Center of the Press and Publication Administration is responsible for organizing the implementation in accordance with the Implementation Measures for Vocational Skills Appraisal of Special Jobs in the Press and Publication Industry (Trial) and the Rules for Vocational Skills Appraisal (Lao Peizisi [1996] No.58). In order to ensure the quality of certification and the seriousness of certificates, book publishers implement unified national standards, norms, textbooks, propositions, certifications, certificates and seals. The administrative departments of press and publication of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, under the guidance of the Vocational Skills Appraisal Guidance Center of the Press and Publication Administration, be responsible for organizing the vocational skills training and qualification appraisal of book publishers of state-owned enterprises and institutions and collective bookstores in the region. The vocational skills training of employees in private and individual bookstores (stalls) shall be carried out in accordance with the Notice of the Ministry of Labor, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and the China Association of Individual Workers on Vocational Skills Training and Vocational Skills Appraisal (Examination) for Individual Industrial and Commercial Households and Private Enterprises (No.Lao Zi 1994). The professional skill appraisal stations of the press and publication industry in various regions are specifically responsible for the examination and appraisal work. 6. A book publisher who has obtained the primary technical grade certificate through examination has the qualification of a book publisher and can engage in book distribution; A book publisher who has obtained a technical grade certificate above the intermediate level (including the intermediate level) has obtained the qualification of a book publisher and can independently carry out business according to law. Units or individuals who declare the occupation skill appraisal of book distribution posts may apply to the occupation skill appraisal station of the local press and publication industry, and the occupation skill appraisal station will issue the admission ticket and conduct the appraisal according to the specified time. Seven, supervision and inspection of personnel who have not obtained the corresponding qualification certificate and have been employed for many years, to participate in the training within a time limit and obtain the qualification certificate through professional skill appraisal. Since 2000, book publishers must hold certificates. According to the Interim Provisions on Strengthening the Management of Collective, Individual and Private Bookstores (stalls) ([89] Xinkai ZiNo.). 99 1), when the county-level press and publication or cultural administrative organs examine the application for opening private and individual bookstores (stalls), they will not approve those who have not obtained the technical grade certificate of intermediate workers. Employment agencies and employers shall, when recommending book publishers for employment or employment and signing labor contracts, implement this notice. The local press and publication administrative department shall, jointly with the local labor administrative department, strengthen the regular inspection of the professional qualification certificates of book publishers. In violation of the above provisions, the employing units that employ personnel who have not obtained qualification certificates shall be given a warning by the labor inspection department and ordered to make corrections. If no correction is made within the time limit, it shall be punished in accordance with the relevant provisions. Those who violate the relevant national laws and regulations on book distribution, participate in "pornography", "pornography" and illegal publishing activities, and seriously violate the professional ethics of book distribution shall not be granted the qualification certificate of book distributor, and shall not engage in book distribution; Whoever commits the above acts after obtaining the qualification certificate shall have his professional qualification certificate revoked by the labor administrative department of press and publication. Eight, job requirements, the local press and publication administrative departments and their appraisal institutions should accept the supervision and inspection of the local labor administrative departments, and the labor administrative departments should actively provide guidance and services for the press and publication administrative departments to organize the qualification appraisal of book publishers. Please, according to the spirit of this circular and the actual situation, formulate specific implementation measures, do a good job in vocational training and professional skill appraisal of book distribution practitioners, continuously improve the quality of book distribution practitioners, standardize the book market order, and safeguard public interests and consumer rights and interests.