Technical specification for preservation of mineral specimen resources

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Mineral specimens are the basic data and valuable scientific wealth of mineralogical research, so the preservation and management of mineral specimens must be carried out in accordance with strict and standardized working procedures. In order to unify the working procedures of various preservation units and meet the requirements of standardization of specimen arrangement on the platform of national basic conditions of science and technology, this regulation is formulated to standardize the preservation procedures of mineral specimens.

The Procedure for Preservation of Mineral Specimens specifies the preparation before mineral preservation, the requirements for preservation containers, warehouses, preservation steps and the requirements for specimen storage.

Appendices A-F of this Regulation are normative appendices.

This regulation is put forward by the national natural science and technology resource sharing platform.

Drafting unit of this Regulation: China Geo University (Beijing).

Drafter of this regulation: He.

This regulation is interpreted by the national rock and mineral fossil specimen resource sharing platform.

1 range

This standard specifies the technical requirements for the preservation of mineral specimens (the technical requirements for the preservation of sulfides and similar compounds have been formulated separately).

This standard is applicable to the preservation of mineral specimens and is a guiding technical regulation for specimen preservation.

2 normative reference documents

The clauses in the following documents become clauses of this specification by referring to this specification. For undated reference documents, the latest edition is applicable to this regulation. At the time of publication of this Regulation, all versions shown were valid. All standards will be revised, and all parties using standards should explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following standards.

GB/T2260—2007 Administrative Division Code of the People's Republic of China

GB/T9649.9—2009 Classification Code of Geology and Mineral Terms Part 9: Crystallography and Mineralogy

Rules for scientists to preserve research specimens. Journal of Rock Mineralogy. 1988, 17 (3): 282.

Ge, Tian Huixin, Zeng Ruogu. A concise course in mineralogy. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1989.

Pan-Zhao Lu. Crystallography and mineralogy. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1993.

Wang pu, Pan, Weng Lingbao etc. Systematic mineralogy. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1984.

3 Terms and definitions

As the basis of scientific research, mineral specimens should be permanently preserved in fixed museums, specimen banks and producing areas for display and research. However, many physical specimens and their research data are often lost. Therefore, researchers and research units should pay attention to the preservation and management of mineral specimens and related data to ensure that such resources are fully utilized.

The following terms and definitions apply to this procedure.

A minerals: natural simple substances or compounds (including those formed in the universe) mainly formed by chemical elements in the earth's crust and its adjacent layers through geological processes. They have certain chemical composition and internal structure, are stable within certain physical and chemical conditions, and are the basic units of rocks and ores.

B specimens kept in the specimen bank: including new mineral specimens, typical mineral specimens in mining areas and mineral specimens in typical sections.

4 the way of mineral specimen preservation

4. 1 museum preservation

The collections in the museum are valuable scientific and cultural wealth of the country, and mineral specimens are also one of the important collections, and their management should be implemented in accordance with the corresponding regulations of the museum.

Compared with the mineral specimens preserved in the museum, the specimens preserved in the exhibition hall directly express their themes and are targeted.

4.2 specimen bank preservation

According to the research needs of specimens, each preservation unit often preserves many specimens of the same kind for multiple studies.

4.3 Protection of origin

Some special and peculiar minerals can be preserved in their producing areas, which provides very valuable physical evidence for studying the geological process and the restoration of paleogeographic environment in this area. Some minerals themselves or after processing have high aesthetic appreciation value and collection value, and are also an important geological tourism resource in a certain sense.

Basic equipment and requirements of mineral specimen bank

5. 1 Specimen storage and warehouse requirements

5. 1. 1 specimen storage requirements

According to the classification principle of national natural science and technology resources platform (mineral specimen resource classification principle), specimens should be stored in a certain independent position in the warehouse by category: one or several drawers (or cabinets and shelves) are used for the storage and management of specimens.

Some minerals with special properties should be properly preserved according to their different properties. For example, samples of magnetite with strong magnetism should be placed separately.

5. 1.2 warehouse requirements

5. 1.2. 1 temperature and humidity

It is best to keep the warehouse at constant temperature and humidity. In general, the temperature should be controlled at 15 ~ 25℃ and the relative humidity should be controlled at 45% ~ 65%. The warehouse should be equipped with thermometer and hygrometer, and record the temperature and humidity regularly. The warehouse should always open the window for ventilation to keep the air circulating.

5. 1.2.2 lighting

The lighting of the warehouse should be simple and bright, and dark curtains should be installed in the windows of the warehouse to prevent strong light from shining directly on mineral specimens. Specimen lighting should use a cold light source, generally not for a long time.

Fire protection

-The warehouse is equipped with a fire alarm device.

—— Equipped with a corresponding number of fire extinguishers according to the warehouse area, and trained warehouse management personnel on fire fighting knowledge and proper use of fire fighting equipment.

-Check the fire extinguishing device regularly, replace the fire extinguisher after expiration, and repair it in time if the fire extinguishing equipment and fire extinguishing device are found to be out of order.

-Smoking is strictly prohibited in the warehouse, and no-smoking signs are set up in prominent positions.

-It is forbidden to store inflammable and explosive articles in the warehouse.

-It is forbidden to use high-power electrical appliances under overload, and regularly check and maintain the power supply, switches, wires and switches of electrical equipment in the warehouse.

—— Ensure that the fire exits are unblocked and the exit signs are obvious.

5. 1.2.4 Anti-theft

-Stores are generally closed to the public and other people are not allowed to enter.

-The warehouse should be equipped with security doors and fences, and an electronic anti-theft system can be installed if necessary.

-outsiders should be accompanied by special personnel when entering the warehouse, and make detailed registration.

-Valuable specimens should be put in a special safe.

—— The warehouse shall be inspected in detail before closing every day, and the doors and windows shall be locked before leaving.

5. 1.2.5 cleaning

-The warehouse should be cleaned frequently to keep the ground clean.

-Wipe the specimen cabinet regularly to keep it clean inside and outside.

-Specimen trays, specimen boxes and drying trays for storing specimens should be wiped frequently to keep them clean.

5.2 Specimen preservation instrument

5.2. 1 specimen storage cabinet

Specimens can be stored in drawer-type specimen cabinets, glass door cabinets, safes and other instruments according to their special requirements. The cabinet or drawer for storing specimens should be sealed. The specimen cabinet should be locked at ordinary times, and the keys and passwords should be kept by special personnel.

Sample display rack

Specimens placed in the specimen showcase can adopt different types of specimen display racks according to their shapes. Specimen display racks are generally made of plastic or plexiglass. Plate specimens can be displayed on a triangular support; Oval or spherical specimens can use hollow tubes and hollow ring display racks; Block specimens can be placed on portal supports, cuboid bases or cuboid bases.

5.2.3 Specimen special tray

Specimen special tray is generally made of wood or plastic, often made into square or rectangular, with black or white inner bottom. Specimen special tray should be made into three specifications according to the different needs of mineral size and shape. For small and fragile specimens, a soft cloth, sponge or cotton can be placed in the tray.

5.2.4 Specimen special box

For some minerals with high brittleness, low hardness, easy peeling and oxidation, and large and fragile crystals, they can be placed in customized specimen boxes with sealed covers. The special box for specimens can be made of plastic or plexiglass, with good sealing and high transparency, which is convenient for observers to observe and appreciate specimens from different angles without touching. Specimen special boxes can be made into different specifications according to the size of specimens.

Drying tray and desiccant

For some minerals with strong water absorption, they should be stored in a dry plate, usually made of glass, with good sealing and high transparency. Desiccant should be placed at the bottom, and the amount of desiccant should be moderate. According to the size of the specimen, it can be put into a drying dish with corresponding specifications.

Lead can

Radioactive minerals should be put into clearly marked lead cans to prevent mistakes, and special personnel should be responsible for keeping them at ordinary times to prevent loss. Small samples of radioactive minerals should be preserved as much as possible, and they should be checked and counted frequently. If it is found missing, it should be reported to the person in charge of the specimen bank immediately. This lead pot is not stored with ordinary ore, but should be stored in another place.

5.3 Sample packaging materials

Silk paper, sponge, cotton, glass bottle.

5.4 Sample numbering tool

Brush, white paint, adhesive tape, marker.

6. Requirements and steps for preserving specimens (including optical films, sheets, test samples or auxiliary samples, etc.). )

—— Check the original records of specimens (see Appendix A for the format).

-Check the appearance of the specimen, and check whether the original recorded content of the specimen is consistent with the actual situation of the specimen. If there is any discrepancy, it should be recorded.

-Number the specimens according to their coding sequence in the warehouse, and mark them with white paint or adhesive tape at the bottom or inconspicuous places.

-Check the specimens, and handle the specimens that need to be cleaned, repaired and reinforced according to relevant methods.

-Specimens are classified into corresponding grades according to their rarity and research degree, and can be specially preserved according to different grades (see Appendix B for the format).

-take photos of specimens, and strive to be clear and natural, with true colors and scales.

—— Enter the photos into the electronic database of the specimen of the unit, save them in high definition, and establish the electronic file information of the specimen according to the specimen receiving form (see Appendix C for the format).

—— Prepare corresponding packaging and preservation instruments according to the different needs of specimens.

-Enter the position number of the specimen into its electronic file for quick search.

7 in and out of the warehouse

-Specimen repositories are generally closed to the public, and visitors should be accompanied by special personnel.

-Visitors are required to fill in a visitor registration form (see Appendix D for the format).

—— If it is necessary to borrow specimens, the specimen management personnel shall abide by the relevant borrowing regulations according to the grade of specimens, and the specimen borrowing registration form (see Appendix E for the format) shall be filled in carefully before borrowing.

—— Specimen managers should carefully check the specimens when returning them. If they find that the specimens are lost or damaged, they should be punished according to the corresponding regulations and make records.

—— Establish a warehouse log (see Appendix F for the format) to be filled in by warehouse personnel.

Appendix a

(normative appendix)

Original record of specimen

Table A. 1 original record of specimen

Appendix b

(normative appendix)

Specimen classification

B 1 one specimen (or precious specimen)

Meet one of the following three criteria, that is, belong to class A mineral specimens:

-Rare and precious mineral specimens with great ornamental value or cultural relics value (as presented by the central leaders).

New mineral specimens.

-Mineral specimens that have been studied in an important way, and the relevant research data and materials have not been published.

This kind of specimen shall not be checked out without the approval of the person in charge of the specimen bank. Specimens with high value will be stored in a safe and kept by a special person. If it needs to be exhibited, special protection measures should be taken.

B2 B specimen (or research specimen)

Rare value, economic value or cultural relics value are not as good as A-level specimens, which have been systematically studied and kept detailed research data.

Such specimens can only be checked out after being signed by the person in charge of the specimen bank. Relevant research data and materials can be enjoyed according to natural science and technology resources, and both parties agree to enjoy the materials in a certain way. The specimen borrower can provide the research results to the specimen library after studying the specimens.

B3 C specimen (or common specimen)

This kind of specimen has general basic information, such as name, origin, occurrence and so on. And it has not been studied in detail, such as popular science and teaching specimens.

This kind of specimen can only be checked out after it has been checked out.

Appendix c

(normative appendix)

Specimen storage list

Table C. 1 specimen receipt document

Appendix d

(normative appendix)

Visitor registration form

Table D. 1 visitor registration form

Appendix e

(normative appendix)

Sample lending registration form