(1) Market difference. At present, the traditional media is monopolized by the state and needs a "transportation permit". Monopoly is protective, can make money and bring high profits. However, the Internet has no monopoly protection. As soon as the Internet came into being, it was in fierce market competition.
(2) the difference of audience. Traditional media is "audience-oriented" and online media is "audience-oriented". In online media, viewers have more choices.
③ Different management methods. The development of traditional media has a very clear management mechanism and structure. Editors are supreme and despise the market. However, the management mechanism of online media is relatively vague. The boss of the website is the general manager rather than the editor-in-chief. There are also differences in the importance attached to technology. Technicians play an important role in the decision-making level of websites, while traditional media do not.
④ The content is different. In the hierarchical management of traditional media, the editing authority of online media is relatively greater than that of traditional media. Reporter-editor-editor-in-chief, such a "three-trial system" cannot be implemented on the website. The mode of editor-in-chief checking is difficult to realize on the website. Roll out 2000 pieces of news a day, and you can't watch it alone. Therefore, the website editor has great authority and requires him to have a stronger sense of control.
⑤ The time limit is different. Traditional media has a clear release time limit and time period. Time and quantity. This communication restriction determines that the audience's attention is also time-limited: there is a one-time attention every day. Online media is rolling 24 hours a day, so you must pay attention to N times a day to avoid missing important news. The form of rolling news is likely to miss important news for the audience who are accustomed to one-time attention every day.
⑥ The layout is different. Newspapers have layout rules, and the weight, priority, title treatment and layout area arrangement of newspapers do not exist on the website. Network media spreads information in the form of time stream. There is no concept of plane layout. Network media has not yet formed a mature layout language like newspapers.
⑦ Differences in writing. Online news articles pay attention to speed and short articles. A press release of several thousand words won't work on the Internet. The production of network titles is easy to understand and focused. No one can read any contradictory, balanced, neat and literary title, no matter how well it is done.
8 interview. Online media are basically editors, with a small amount of news interviews and a small amount of originality. Traditional media are mainly self-collected. A special correspondent, how much does it cost to write back the manuscript? If it is published online, it will be copied completely. 2. The influence of new media on traditional media.
① New media (online media) has a huge development space. By 20 10, the number of Internet users in China is expected to be the highest in the world (of course, the relative number is still small).
② The relationship between network media and traditional media. In recent years, the biggest influence of the Internet is television. Of course, the entertainment function and service function of TV are not all influenced by the network. I have a survey conducted by an American company in May 10. Of these 2000 people, 23% watch less TV, 20% read less magazines, 9% listen less to radio, and 1 1% read less newspapers. The number of TV viewers has decreased the most. However, I think any media is irreplaceable, and the statement that "online media will replace traditional media" is untenable. Newspapers, radio and television can coexist peacefully and will do so now. When television first appeared, it was predicted that it would replace radio, but the fact is that it is peaceful. Various media have their own advantages and irreplaceable-you can read newspapers without any electronic equipment; You can receive the radio while doing other things. Audience's choice of media is not exclusive, and there should be multiple choices. In the future, we can see that new media can also stimulate the development and integration of traditional media, resulting in network broadcasting, network video and other phenomena.
It will take at least a generation for a new media to surpass a traditional media and become the most influential media in an era. 22.5 million, which is the number of netizens in China. Such a relatively small number can fully show that in today's China, the Internet is far from enough to impact the traditional media.
3. Communication characteristics of new media:
Looking back at the history of online media today, we should start with the Internet protocol of 1976. The Internet was born in the United States, and has had a basic development period of 30 to 40 years or even longer. Relatively speaking, the Internet is much younger in China. In 2000, there was an internet craze in our country, which was a real bubble. Why? Compared with the United States, our network has no foundation. Before the internet became the fourth media, the basic information engineering of American society had been done very solidly. The digitalization of universities, libraries and government departments has almost been completed. A large number of words were entered years ago. So Americans later built the information superhighway, which was nothing more than combining scattered data. There is a lot of information and data on the internet at once. But in China, we didn't have a complete data flow before we built the expressway. So the expressway was completed, but the community was not built. The lack of basic data construction leads to the information desertification of the network. The information you can find in the library, what famous books, archives and useful materials are hard to find online. Because the library has not been digitized. Who will do such a big investment?
What are the communication characteristics of new media? The disseminators and receivers of the fourth media are all based on the network. This is the most basic. I summed up seven points.
Seven characteristics:
① "openness". The network has no boundaries and is not restricted by regions. Obviously, newspapers are subject to geographical restrictions. (American newspapers are basically regional newspapers. Except for USA-Today, few newspapers are geared to the whole country. However, there are no restrictions on the Internet. The openness of Internet media brings two problems: (1) intensifies the competition of media. Everyone in online media uses equal communication methods, which will inevitably intensify the competition of news. Today's news has no concept of the first news. When "the east. Com "started last year. Every night at 1 o'clock and 2 o'clock, all the newspapers were online, but early in the morning, other news broadcasts were found online. Later, it had to be postponed until 7 o'clock. (2) Openness has superposition effect. A regional newspaper, the news of a small mountain village, can spread all over the country on the same day, which has a magnifying effect here. There is news distortion in the amplification process. Bright primary school, Jiangxi province exploded. What was the cause of the explosion? At first, there were several opinions on the Internet. If there were no internet, there would be no such phenomenon.
2 "diversity". In China, the news media should be dominated by the Party and the government, but technically, everyone can post information on the Internet. There are two consequences: first, it breaks the situation that news organizations can only publish news, leading to the proliferation of false news. "Internet" has become a network of mutual plagiarism; Manuscripts with incomplete news elements abound. In addition, pornographic news and boring news are also flooding everywhere.
3 "real-time". Online media has no time limit and can be processed and published at any time. Compared with newspapers, radio and television, only online media really have the possibility of publishing at any time.
4 "interactivity". The network conveys the relationship between the communicator and the receiver.
⑤ "Large capacity and convenient inspection". Newspapers are limited in space, and radio and television are time-sensitive. The network has no time and space restrictions. Therefore, information presents the characteristics of complexity and disorder. Effective information is buried in a lot of complicated and invalid information. Traditional media reports are linear, while Internet reports are reticular. I can deepen a news step by step by doing related news, special topics and materials. In addition to its large capacity, online media also has the characteristics of "easy search": it is very convenient to search past news and related news.
6 "multimedia". Online media can integrate words, broadcasts and pictures.
⑦ "Personalization". This is an essential feature of Internet media. Due to the limitation of technology, the media in the past were all popular. However, the Internet can be targeted at specific audiences and individuals. Individuals can order the news they need online. This is what big foreign news websites do. Sina and 2 1CN did it. The east. Com has also started to do it.
These are the seven characteristics of new media. Let's talk about the development of online media in China. 1993 12.6, the afternoon edition of Hangzhou Daily was transmitted to the Internet through the computer network, and it was the earliest media to access the Internet. After 1994, it was launched on a large scale. Chinanet was officially opened to the outside world on 1995. 1At the end of 1995, the magazine A Journey to China, run by the Ministry of Education, was launched. By the end of 1999, a statistic showed that news organizations in China had established more than 700 websites.
The development of online media and website construction in China has gone through three stages: ① Online version stage: what is a newspaper and what is a network. Copying the newspaper to the internet, the first edition and the second edition ... nothing has changed. ② Electronic newspaper stage. Reorganize the manuscript of this newspaper, redesign the layout, and move to the Internet. ③ Establish a large website. The press in China accepted the Internet and was touched by several major events. ..... On May 9, NATO bombed the embassy, and the number of visitors to Sina.com reached more than 3 million that day. Before that, it was hundreds of thousands of days at most. The influence of online news dissemination is incomparable to other media. Therefore, in recent years, domestic online media has developed very fast.
Talking about the present situation: ① Central news organizations strengthen network construction. The website of People's Daily was renamed People's Daily on August 20th last year. At present, it has 5 languages and publishes 3000 news articles every day, channel 13. Xinhua News Agency's "Xinhuanet" has 2000 articles every day. Zhongqing, China Daily, china national radio and CCTV all have large-scale websites, which have great investment and influence. ② All localities have joined hands to establish a large-scale news platform. "Oriental" was founded by Shanghai 12. 1 1 unit investment 600 million. Spent more than 20 million last year; More than 2000 news items every day. This kind of website, as well as Beijing "Qianlong News Network", is a joint venture of five media in Beijing with a capital of more than 30 million. Tianjin has a "Northern Network". "Southern Network" is currently under construction, and it is said that it will invest 300 million yuan. These are some large media websites. (3) Other websites that have been built or are under construction in various places. But the investment scale is large and small. The investment of the website has no bottom. The input cost of the east. Com- the computer room is 680,000 a year, and the communication fee is 2 million. This kind of expenditure is unaffordable.
In addition, commercial websites are also doing news. Sina, Sohu, Netease, Tianji, Suoyi. Suoyi's news channel is very detailed, with 7 categories and more than 6 million subscribers. These websites can promote us, but at the same time they have a great centrifugal tendency. Financially, Sina.com raised 6 million yuan before listing and/kloc-0.20 billion yuan after listing. Sohu 1 100 million; Netease 38 million. It can be said that the capital structure of these companies is not China's. Although there are regulations that foreign capital can only intervene in the technical part and cannot interfere in the operation of the media, it is hard to say when there will be major changes. Another question, now it is stipulated that non-news websites can only send information, but not news. But what is the difference between news and information? It's hard to say. Moreover, network BBS is difficult to manage, which is also a problem encountered by media websites at present. Objectively speaking, the affinity and attraction of mainstream media websites are far behind the attraction of our commercial websites.