1. Example: Make the article more specific, more convincing and explain things more objectively.
2. Contrast: Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison.
3. Definition: Defining the essential characteristics of a concept in concise language is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things and is a common method in scientific and technological discussion.
4. Make a chart. In order to explain complex things clearly, we can also use charts to make up for the lack of single word expression and explain some things more directly and concretely.
5. Translation. Explain some characteristics of things from one side. This method is called hermeneutics.
6. analogy. Comparing the similarities between two different things to highlight the shape characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of interpretation is called analogical interpretation, which is consistent with metaphor in rhetoric. The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for explanation, while metaphors are not applicable.
7. Imitate appearance. In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate the appearance. This explanation is called imitation of appearance. (Although the same, but the style is different. )
8. quote. In order to make the explanation more substantial and specific, you can quote materials. The range of information cited is very wide, which can be classic works, famous sayings, formula rules, allusions, proverbs and so on.
9. classification According to certain standards, the described objects are divided into different categories and explained one by one. This method of explanation is called classification.
10. List the numbers. In order to specify the things to be explained, you can also use the method of enumerating data to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures must have reliable basis and be as approximate as possible.
Explanatory writing is a style that introduces and explains things and things with explanation as the main expression.
Language of expository writing
1. The basic requirements of explanatory language are scientific, accurate, concise and clear; Literary discourse also requires vividness and vividness.
2. Analyze the basic requirements of descriptive language: first, explain the characteristics and essential functions of things; Secondly, it is rigorous and scientific; Third, it is vivid and vivid.
3, explain the language point:
Table divisor, table information source, table degree, table frequency, table range, table guess.
[Edit this paragraph]
Analytical exposition
First, grasp the object of explanation and its characteristics. When reading expository texts, we must first accurately grasp the explanatory objects, so as to distinguish expository texts from expository texts and further understand the explanatory contents. Then we should focus on the characteristics of the object of interpretation. This is the key to analyzing an explanatory article. Only by accurately grasping the characteristics of the object of interpretation can we deeply understand the object of interpretation and take it as a breakthrough. Then clarify the structure and central content of the article. In order to accurately grasp the characteristics of the explanatory object, we must read and understand the text content carefully, especially pay attention to carefully trying to figure out the key words (central sentences, turning sentences, sentences that reflect the author's thoughts and repeated sentences in the article).
Secondly, clarify the structure and analyze the order of interpretation. The structure of explanation is not complicated. The common structural forms are "total-sub-total", "total-sub-total", "sub-total", juxtaposition and progression. Clarifying the structure can help us understand the author's ideas and the main points of the content more clearly. There are many kinds of explanation order. It depends on the characteristics and purpose of the object of explanation. There are three commonly used interpretation orders: chronological order, spatial order and logical order. Sometimes an article can use several interpretation sequences alternately, such as the article "Stone Arch Bridge in China", which has both chronological interpretation from ancient times to the present, and logical interpretation from generalization to concrete, whole to region. Each sequence has certain linguistic symbols. When reading, using certain symbols to grasp the language can be more fluent.
Third, analysis and interpretation methods. In order to explain the characteristics of things clearly, appropriate interpretation methods must be adopted. Common explanation methods include examples, numbering, analogy, comparison, classification, definition, explanation, illustration and so on. After reading the explanatory text, we can understand its interpretation methods. First, we should look at what interpretation methods are used and what objects are explained. Second, we should look at what language forms are used to express the interpretation methods.
Come on, this analysis is thorough and solid.
Fourth, understand the language characteristics of expository writing. Accuracy and conciseness are the main characteristics of expository writing. Of course, the language style of expository writing is also varied and has its own characteristics. Some are good at being plain and lively. Based on this, they can be summarized into two ways: plain and vivid. Generally speaking, the expository writing, which mainly explains things, focuses on grasping the characteristics of things and making them easy to understand with concise language.
Scientific sketches, which are interesting and literary, need vivid explanations.
Pay attention to extract the original text.
Without raw materials, I'm afraid no one can answer correctly or completely. Therefore, the most important and effective way to answer the reading questions accurately is to find the answers in the original text. Most questions can be answered in the article. Of course, the found sentences may not be used directly, but must be processed according to the requirements of the topic, or extracted words, compressed trunk or extracted or reorganized points. Even if it is a whole summary, we should make full use of the original text.
It should also be noted that many students have strong memory ability for basic knowledge, but weak transfer ability, especially those who are embarrassed about the contextual meaning and function of words, words and sentences. Here, we provide the answer to the 16-character formula for your reference.
1, words cannot be separated from words. Polysemy is very common in Chinese. When understanding the meaning of a word in a word, we must put it in this word to investigate, that is, this word can not be separated from this word, so as to accurately understand the meaning of this word. For example:
Hearsay, Tao refers to the road; Like-minded, well-informed, and reasonable.
Words and sentences are inseparable. In comprehensive reading questions, it is often required to understand the meaning and function of words in the context. These requirements include the following aspects:
Polysemy. This is very common in classical Chinese. For example, strategy is not driven by its way, strategy and driving force; Stick to the policy, face the policy, the policy, the whip
In modern texts, it is often expressed as contextual meaning, which should be inferred according to the specific language environment, that is, the sentence itself, that is, words and sentences are inseparable. For example, the original meaning of the word "Jiao Jian" is politeness, which means teaching (me). It has different meanings in different language environments. In the article "Fan Jin Zhong Ju", I quoted the previous "teaching" to Hu.
As for the expressive function of a word in a sentence, we should understand it according to the specific language environment, rather than explain it separately from the sentence.
3. Sentences cannot be separated from paragraphs. In other words, the analysis and understanding of sentences can not be separated from specific paragraphs and specific language environment. If you leave the specific paragraphs and specific language environment, many sentences can only be understood in a narrow sense, or even incomprehensible. Only by combining specific paragraphs and language environment will we know what position this sentence occupies in the full text.
4. Paragraph and text are inseparable. Paragraph is an integral part of the article, which reflects the author's writing ideas. Therefore, the reading and understanding of paragraphs can not be separated from the main idea and the center of the article. Otherwise, the understanding of the content or function of the paragraph will be biased.
Urgent! What are the six commonly used explanations? Define, classify, give examples, list numbers, make comparisons and make metaphors.
What explanation methods are commonly used in the article? What are the articles for the convenience of others' explanation? There are many ways to explain: definition, example, classification, numerical description, metaphor, comparison, chart description, explanation, imitation and so on. What explanation method is adopted depends on the purpose and content of the article.
Judge which interpretation method is used in this sentence, thank you! Digital column
What are the four explanations? I know there are ten ways to explain Chinese, namely, enumerating numbers, giving examples, classifying, comparing, explaining, defining, quoting data, imitating appearances and enumerating charts.
The most commonly used are column numbers, metaphors, examples and categories. These are the four explanations.
I hope it helps you.
What are the explanation methods for primary schools? Examples, metaphors, charts, quotations, definitions, etc. Articles are not graded.
What are the most common explanations?
Common interpretation methods
There are 10 common interpretation methods, such as citing examples, classifying, enumerating data, comparing, drawing charts, defining, explaining, analogizing, imitating appearances, quoting data, etc. When writing an explanatory article, we should choose the best method according to the characteristics of the explanatory object and the purpose of writing. The following are explained separately.
(1) example. Cite practical examples to explain things, make the things to be explained specific and make readers understand. This interpretation method is called example method. For example:
Most people always think that when they are old, their memory ability must be poor. Actually, it's not. Please look at the experimental results: The International Linguistic Society made a comparison between young people aged 9 to 18 and adults over 35 when learning Esperanto, and found that the former was not as good as the latter in memory. This is because adults have rich knowledge and experience, and it is easy to establish extensive contacts on the basis of existing knowledge. This connection is called "association" in psychology. People's memory is based on association. The more knowledge and experience, the easier it is to establish associations, and the memory will be improved accordingly. Marx began to learn Russian in his fifties. After half a year, he has been able to read the original works of famous poets and writers Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol and Schederin with relish. This is due to rich language knowledge and ability to understand many modern and ancient languages.
The point of this article is that memory is not necessarily bad when you are old. To illustrate this point, the author first provides the experimental results and analyzes the reasons. So far, it's all right, but it's not specific enough and convincing, so let's take another example: when Marx was in his fifties, it took only six months to master Russian. This way, the content is specific and the persuasion is enhanced.
Illustration in expository writing and illustration in argumentative writing can make the content concrete and enhance persuasiveness. But there are differences between them. Examples in argumentative essays are used to prove points, while examples in expository essays are used to introduce knowledge.
To illustrate things or things through examples, we should pay attention to the representativeness and appropriateness of examples.
(2) classification. According to certain standards, the described objects are divided into different categories and explained one by one. This method of explanation is called classification.
Classification is an important way to clarify complex things.
When using classification methods, we should pay attention to the classification standards, and only one standard can be used at a time to avoid overlapping. For example, "the collection of books in the library includes China, classics, foreign countries, science and technology, literature, modern times and political economy." There is more than one standard used here, so it is not clear. The correct statement should be:
The collection of books in the library is divided into Chinese and foreign countries by country; According to the times, there are classical and modern; By nature, there are science and technology, literature and political economy.
In this way, only one standard is used for each classification, which is clear at a glance.
The characteristics and essence of some things need to be divided into several points or aspects, which also belongs to classification.
Please note that by using the classification method, there should be no omissions in the listed categories.
(3) List data. In order to make the things to be explained specific, you can also use the method of enumerating information to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures should have reliable basis and try to be approximate.
(4) Make a comparison. Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things often appear in comparison.
When comparing, you can compare things in the same category, things in different categories, things can be compared horizontally or vertically.
(5) draw a chart. In order to explain complex things clearly, we can also use charts to make up for the lack of simple words and explain some things more directly and concretely.
(6) definition. Defining the essential characteristics of a concept in concise language is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things and is a common method in scientific and technological discussion.
When defining, we can consider it from different angles according to the purpose of description. Some emphasize characteristics, such as the definition of "person"; Some emphasize functions, such as the definition of "fertilizer"; Some explain both characteristics and functions, such as the definition of "master planning method" and "applied science".
Man is an advanced animal who can make tools and use them to work.
Fertilizer is a substance that can provide nutrients to make plants grow.
③ Overall planning method is a mathematical method for arranging work procedures.
Engineering technology, called applied science, is the knowledge of applying the basic theories of natural science to solve problems in production practice.
No matter from what angle, no matter in what way, as long as a definition is made, it is necessary to reveal the essence of things, and only such a definition is scientific. For example, someone said, "Man is an upright animal with two feet." This definition is unscientific because it does not reveal the essence of things. "Man is an advanced animal who can make tools and use them for labor." This is the definition of science, because it reveals the essence of human beings.
(7) interpretation. Explain some characteristics of things from one side. This method is called hermeneutics.
Definition and explanation often adopt the language form of "what is so-and-so". The form is the same, how to distinguish it? Generally speaking, the words on both sides of the word "yes" are interchangeable, which is the definition; If it is not interchangeable, it is interpretation.
For example, the phrase "man is a higher-level animal that can make tools and work with them" is changed to "the higher-level animal that can make tools and work with tools is man", and the meaning remains unchanged. The sentence "Snow is the solid precipitation formed in the cloud" cannot be changed to "The solid precipitation formed in the cloud is snow". It can be seen that the former sentence is a definition and the latter sentence is an explanation.
(8) For example. Using the similarity between two different things to compare, highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of explanation is called analogy.
The interpretation method of metaphor in explanatory text is consistent with that in rhetoric. The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for description, while metaphors are inappropriate.
(9) imitation. In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate the appearance, which is called imitation.
(10) reference. In order to make the content of the explanation more substantial and specific, you can quote materials to explain. The quoted materials range from classic works, famous sayings, formulas and rules, allusions and proverbs.
One explanation method is rarely used in an explanatory text, and many explanations are often used comprehensively. On the one hand, it obeys the needs of the content, on the other hand, the author has the freedom of choice. Whether to adopt one interpretation method or multiple interpretation methods, one interpretation method is another interpretation method, which can be flexible and not static.
What's the difference between rhetoric method and explanation method? The method of expository writing is used in the style of expository writing, while the rhetorical method is not limited to the style, but belongs to the general method.
For example, the explanation method of "analogy" in expository writing is called "metaphor argument" in argumentative writing, which is a rhetorical device of "metaphor" in rhetoric.
What are the writing skills? What are the explanations? What about the way of discussion? First, writing skills.
Writing techniques belong to artistic expression techniques (that is, artistic techniques and expression techniques, including expression techniques (skills)), which are commonly used: exaggeration, contrast, metaphor, personification, suspense, care, association, imagination, combination of suppression, combination of point and surface, combination of static and dynamic, combination of narration and discussion, blending of scenes, comparison and contrast, bedding, expressing meaning with objects and describing details.
Expression is common narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. (In fact, it also belongs to artistic expression).
1, first-person narration
2. Third-person narrative method
3. Successive approximation method
4. Flashback method
5. Interpolation
6. Supplementary narrative methods
7. Classification method
8. Detailed narrative method
9. Sketch method
10, direct lyric method
1 1, indirect lyric method
12, the method of discussing first
13, discuss the law first, then discuss it.
14, methods of description and discussion
15, taking things as clues
16, taking people as clues
17, with ideological changes as the clue.
18, with the central event as the clue.
19, sketch
20. Rotation method
2 1, bamboo shoot stripping method
22, personification method
23, dynamic method
24.explanation
25, the use of "five senses" method
26, by lyric method
27, the method of expressing ambition
28, the article readme method
29. Vision.
30, internal and external combination method
3 1, stepwise transformation method
Explanation and introduction
33, environmental foil method
34, crayon description method
35, the combination of far and near method
36, time series transformation method
37. Ways to grow and change
38, expand the association method
39, highlighting the key methods
40. Comparative law
4 1, praise method
42, static sketch method
43, total score combination method
44, characteristic example method
45, feature description method
46, focusing method
47, growth and change method
48, experimental proof method
49, group description method
50, on-site witness method
Second, the explanation method
Common interpretation methods
There are 10 common interpretation methods, such as citing examples, classifying, enumerating data, comparing, drawing charts, defining, explaining, analogizing, imitating appearances, quoting data, etc. When writing an explanatory article, we should choose the best method according to the characteristics of the explanatory object and the purpose of writing. The following are explained separately.
(1) example. Cite practical examples to explain things, make the things to be explained specific and make readers understand. This interpretation method is called example method.
Illustration in expository writing and illustration in argumentative writing can make the content concrete and enhance persuasiveness. But there are differences between them. Examples in argumentative essays are used to prove points, while examples in expository essays are used to introduce knowledge.
To illustrate things or things through examples, we should pay attention to the representativeness and appropriateness of examples.
(2) classification. According to certain standards, the described objects are divided into different categories and explained one by one. This method of explanation is called classification.
Classification is an important way to clarify complex things.
When using classification methods, we should pay attention to the classification standards, and only one standard can be used at a time to avoid overlapping. In this way, only one standard is used for each classification, which is clear at a glance.
The characteristics and essence of some things need to be divided into several points or aspects, which also belongs to classification.
Please note that by using the classification method, there should be no omissions in the listed categories.
(3) List data. In order to make the things to be explained specific, you can also use the method of enumerating information to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures should have reliable basis and try to be approximate.
(4) Make a comparison. Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things often appear in comparison.
When comparing, you can compare things in the same category, things in different categories, things can be compared horizontally or vertically.
(5) draw a chart. In order to explain complex things clearly, we can also use charts to make up for the lack of simple words and explain some things more directly and concretely.
(6) definition. Defining the essential characteristics of a concept in concise language is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things and is a common method in scientific and technological discussion.
When defining, we can consider it from different angles according to the purpose of description. Some emphasize characteristics, such as the definition of "person"; Some emphasize functions, such as the definition of "fertilizer"; Some explain both characteristics and functions, such as the definition of "master planning method" and "applied science".
Man is an advanced animal who can make tools and use them to work.
Fertilizer is a substance that can provide nutrients to make plants grow.
③ Overall planning method is a mathematical method for arranging work procedures.
Engineering technology, called applied science, is the knowledge of applying the basic theories of natural science to solve problems in production practice.
No matter from what angle, no matter in what way, as long as a definition is made, it is necessary to reveal the essence of things, and only such a definition is scientific. For example, someone said, "Man is an upright animal with two feet." This definition is unscientific because it does not reveal the essence of things. "Man is an advanced animal who can make tools and use them for labor." This is the definition of science, because it reveals the essence of human beings.
(7) interpretation. Explain some characteristics of things from one side. This method is called hermeneutics.
Definition and explanation often adopt the language form of "what is so-and-so". The form is the same, how to distinguish it? Generally speaking, the words on both sides of the word "yes" are interchangeable, which is the definition; If it is not interchangeable, it is interpretation.
(8) For example. Using the similarity between two different things to compare, highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of explanation is called analogy.
The interpretation method of metaphor in explanatory text is consistent with that in rhetoric. The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for description, while metaphors are inappropriate.
(9) imitation. In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate the appearance, which is called imitation.
(10) reference. In order to make the content of the explanation more substantial and specific, you can quote materials to explain. The quoted materials range from classic works, famous sayings, formulas and rules, allusions and proverbs.
One explanation method is rarely used in an explanatory text, and many explanations are often used comprehensively. On the one hand, it obeys the needs of the content, on the other hand, the author has the freedom of choice. Whether to adopt one interpretation method or multiple interpretation methods, one interpretation method is another interpretation method, which can be flexible and not static.
Third, discussion is a comment and a logical expression. A complete argument usually consists of three elements: argument, argument and argument. Arguments can be divided into two categories, namely "arguments" and "refutations". Argumentation is called "proof" article, and refutation is called "refutation" article. In the article about rationality, exposition is a main way of writing, which requires clear arguments, detailed arguments and detailed arguments. In narration, discussion is the feeling, understanding and evaluation of things caused by narration and description, and it is the crowning touch on key points. But it is not suitable for multi-purpose and abuse.
Three elements of argumentative writing: arguments and arguments.
What are the new ways to explain glass? What is the comparison between the first sentence of the second paragraph and "barbed wire security glass"
The third paragraph "there is another kind" is also a comparison.
The third paragraph "automatic curtains" is an analogy.
Finally, the fourth paragraph is comparison.
The first sentence of the fifth paragraph is a metaphor.
The fifth paragraph "If this kind of glass is installed on the window facing the street, when the sound in the street is 40 decibels, it will be 12 decibels in the room." But for example, "40 dB" and "12 dB" are column numbers.