With China's economic development and population growth, water conservancy, as the lifeline and basic industry of the national economy, has become more and more prominent. The status of water conservancy determines the importance of water conservancy infrastructure. Therefore, how to do well the management of water conservancy infrastructure construction projects, ensure the engineering quality and promote China's economic development is a major issue before each of us. According to my practice and application in recent years, we think it is necessary to strengthen and improve the quality control system of engineering construction from the following aspects.
First, the implementation of the project legal person responsibility system is the basis for doing a good job in construction management, the basis for establishing a socialist market economy in the field of investment and construction in China, the reliable guarantee for comprehensively implementing the project bidding system and the construction supervision system, and the fundamental premise for establishing a sound project management system.
The project legal person system is the leading and core. If the project legal person responsibility system is not implemented, other construction management work cannot be carried out in depth. We believe that to implement the project legal person system, first, we should conscientiously implement the Opinions of the Ministry of Water Resources on Implementing the Project Legal Person Responsibility System for Water Conservancy Construction Projects, and set up project legal persons according to different project categories in view of the current diversified and multi-level investment system of water conservancy construction. The second is to strictly review the qualifications of project legal persons. The project legal person should be clear in the project proposal stage of the construction project. If the project legal person is not established as required, the project approval shall not be carried out. Third, it is necessary to strictly equip the project legal entity, which is not only complete in specialty, but also high in quality and rich in experience. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the selection of engineering construction units in the bidding stage.
Second, the selection of the winning bid price. Reasonable bid-winning price is the basis for owners to obtain satisfactory contractors and successful bidders at reasonable prices and obtain legitimate profits. The bid-winning price directly affects their construction attitude and emphasis on quality in the construction. At present, there are three Zhong Zhongbiao methods, the lowest bid, the lowest bid within a certain range of pre-tender estimate and the bid closest to the comprehensive pre-tender estimate.
Winning the bid at the lowest price is very beneficial for the construction unit to reduce the project investment. However, in practice, it is found that some contractors, especially the "three noes" contractors, often bid blindly and win at low prices in order to qualify for the bid. After winning the bid, various improper means, such as cutting corners or unreasonable claims, were adopted in the construction process to avoid their own losses, so that the project quality and construction progress could not be guaranteed and the legitimate rights and interests of the owners were damaged. Through the practice in recent years, the quality of the winning project in this way is not very good, and the management is difficult, so it is not suitable for adoption.
Winning the bid with composite pre-tender price makes up for the shortage of winning the bid with the lowest price, and the interests of the construction unit are reflected to the greatest extent in the bidding process. The bid price is much higher than the lowest price, which is more in line with the interests of the construction team. Because of the large profit space, the construction unit generally does not cut corners to seek benefits, and the project quality is guaranteed. But for the construction unit, it will definitely increase investment. Because all irrigation projects in our country are small-scale projects, the construction units that should bid are basically local contractors who are familiar with each other. In the process of bidding, they generally know who their competitors are, which provides opportunities for contractors to collude with each other. Some people often collude in order to make profits, and the bidding price is much higher than the pre-tender price of the construction unit, which leads to the increase of investment of the construction unit and makes the construction unit out of control in the bidding stage. It is not conducive to the construction of the project to exchange the increase of investment for the guarantee of the project quality. Therefore, this bidding method is not suitable for the construction of small water conservancy projects in irrigation areas in China.
Periodical articles are classified for inquiry, and the lowest bid is won in the periodical library within a certain pre-bid price range. Its calculation method is similar to the bid winning method in comprehensive pre-tender estimate. It takes the pre-tender estimate of the construction unit as the reference point and stipulates a certain range. If the bidder's bid is out of scope, it will be rejected and disqualified. Then, the lowest bid will be selected within the range of valid bids. This method not only makes up for the unreasonable price reduction of the contractor in the lowest tender price method, but also avoids the infinite price increase of the contractor in the composite tender method, which not only ensures the construction unit reasonably. For contractors, due to the reasonable quotation, they have enough manpower, material resources and financial resources to invest in the project construction, thus providing material guarantee for the quality control of the project. For the construction unit, it also avoids the out-of-control project investment. Generally, good construction results can be achieved.
Third, strict contract management. At present, most small-scale water conservancy projects in irrigation areas follow the simple contract model originally drawn up by our bureau. The quality of contract management lies not only in the formulation of contract terms, but also in the implementation of contracts. Whether the contract can be strictly performed and whether the construction and management behavior can be regulated by the contract plays an important role in the smooth implementation of the project and the guarantee of the project quality. At present, the project supervision system established by our hospital is widely used in the implementation of irrigation projects. As the main body of supervision of engineering construction in this area, each management office signed a contract with the management office, and the management office signed a supervision entrustment responsibility letter at the specific supervision station, putting the responsibility into the individual and being responsible for the supervision and management of the project. This way greatly improves the supervision of the project, thus ensuring the effective management of the contract and the smooth implementation of the project. However, due to the low recognition of this supervision system, the appointed supervisors lack the ability to solve engineering problems on the spot, which leads to poor engineering supervision effect and problems often cannot be solved in time. The quality problems caused by this often make the construction unit dissatisfied and difficult to deal with.
Therefore, in order to strictly implement the contract, we should first strengthen the training of supervisors and appoint and select skilled and responsible supervisors. In the construction stage, supervisors are required to regard engineering contract documents and engineering design documents (including drawings, design specifications and standard atlas) as the same basis for engineering quality management, and take engineering quality inspection and evaluation standards, engineering construction and acceptance specifications, quality and technical standards of building materials and products, components and components, and quality control in construction process (such as operating procedures and technological procedures) as the professional, technical and regulatory basis for engineering quality inspection and control.
Fourth, quantity is the eternal theme in engineering construction, so in order to ensure the quality of engineering construction, Dawujiang Department mainly takes the following measures: First, implement the responsibility, sign the responsibility book of engineering quality management from top to bottom, make the responsibility clear to individuals and link it with wages and bonuses, so that the engineering quality becomes the knowledge of all contractors; The second is to strengthen the project quality assurance system. Strictly implement the "three inspection system", and the next working procedure can be carried out only after passing the inspection. Spot check regularly, conduct a major inspection once a month, conduct a quality spot check once every half a month, conduct quality control and inspection regularly and irregularly with the progress of the project, and rectify in time when problems are found; Third, the construction is carried out in strict accordance with the design and technical specifications to overcome the common quality problems of preventive engineering. In the process of construction, it is found that illegal construction or projects that do not meet the standard requirements are pushed down and redone. At the same time, strictly check the materials entering the site, and all unqualified materials are not allowed to enter the site. Strictly perform the contract, minimize design changes, put an end to claims and control project investment.
Improve the quality management system, strengthen quality supervision and inspection, ensure the quality of construction projects in strict accordance with the requirements of the Regulations on Quality Management of Water Conservancy Projects, and improve the quality management system in which the construction unit is responsible, the construction unit guarantees, the supervision unit checks, and the government departments supervise, so that the quality management work is always in a situation where people at all levels are in charge, people everywhere are in charge, and the division of labor is responsible.
To strengthen quality supervision, on the one hand, we should strengthen the role of quality supervision institutions at all levels of the Yellow River water conservancy project and establish a quality one-vote veto system. Quality appraisal opinions must be put forward by the quality supervision department at each acceptance stage, and the quality supervision department must participate in handling quality accidents. Quality supervision institutions and personnel at all levels should not only supervise and inspect the project quality, but also supervise and urge the quality system and operation status of the project legal person, supervision, design and construction units, and establish the authority of quality supervision departments in quality management. On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen engineering inspection and give full play to the role of public opinion in quality supervision. Experts with rich experience, strong sense of responsibility and high level should be selected, equipped with advanced testing equipment to perform inspection tasks.