In the war at the end of the Ming Dynasty, some volumes were lost in the records of the Ming Dynasty. For example, "Records of Xizong" lacked volume 13 in June of four years and seven years after the apocalypse, and the Qing court ordered that it could not be obtained. After the establishment of the Qing court, in order to compile the Ming history, four rare books collected by the Ming government were moved into the Ming History Museum as a reference for compiling the history. After the Ming History was written, it moved into the cabinet vault. When the textual research of Ming History, modeled after Wuyingtang History, is completed, it is considered as waste paper and a burden. In order to make room for the cabinet treasury to store other files, I listened to the advice of Sambo of Manchu University. In March of the forty-eighth year of Qianlong, all four regular banknotes in the history of the Ming Dynasty were moved out of the cabinet vault and burned!
In my opinion, the root cause is not the lack of local books, but the tyranny of ideology and culture. Due to the historical relationship between the Ming government and the ancestors of the Qing Dynasty, that is, the subordinate relationship between Wei Nvzhen and the Ming government since Nurhachi, Ming Lu was set on fire to cover up this historical truth. It is worth noting that the time of burning Ming Zhi is almost the same as that of compiling Si Ku Quan Shu. As we all know, an important purpose of the Qing Dynasty's revision of Sikuquanshu was to take the opportunity to burn books that were not conducive to the Qing Dynasty, in addition to whitewashing the prosperous times. According to statistics,100000 books were destroyed for the revision of Sikuquanshu. It was no accident that Lu was burned when Sikuquanshu was written. It is the victim of cultural autocracy and the countercurrent of banning books in Qing Dynasty, and it has its complicated historical background.
Four copies of Ming History collected by the Ming government were burned down, but the privately copied Ming History and the official copied Ming History Museum in the early Qing Dynasty survived. However, these records of the Ming Dynasty were incomplete until Liang Ben and Tai Ben appeared in the Republic of China.
There is an important version of Shi Ming Lu. Among the existing versions of Shi Minglu, there are mainly private manuscripts of Ming Dynasty and notes of Ming History Museum in the early Qing Dynasty.
The paper money in Ming Dynasty was mainly copied privately by imperial academy officials and proofreaders when imperial academy opened in the 16th year of Qianlong. Therefore, most manuscripts handed down today were recorded by dynasties before Mu Zong.
However, there are few records after Zongshen, such as Zongshen, Guangzong and Xizong. Because Lu's private copy is also facing the fate of being burned, few people survived. The Manuscript of Ming History Museum in Qing Dynasty is some books copied by many historians when compiling Ming history. Although four books collected by the Ming government were moved into the Ming History Museum for reference at that time, they still could not meet the needs, so several copies were made. After four books of the Ming Dynasty were burned, the manuscripts of the History Museum spread all over the world. Now the main version is as follows:
1, library-based system
(1) Library books? The National Beiping Library has a red notebook, referred to as the library book. From Taizu, as for Xizong. The source is the Ming History Museum in the Qing Dynasty. After the completion of Ming History, it was moved to the Cabinet Library and handed over to the Library of the Ministry of Education in the late Qing Dynasty. The library was later renamed Shi Jing Library and National Beiping Library. During the War of Liberation, the Kuomintang government transported the library to the Library of Congress for safekeeping, then returned it to Taiwan Province Province and kept it in Shuangxi Palace Museum. Scholars believe that the library books are the only surviving copies of the four books of the Ming government, but they are also incomplete. Because the library is the most complete book in existence, during the Republic of China? Academia Sinica? Historical language research, therefore, this book is the object of sorting out, supplemented one after another, copied into a blueprint and photocopied into a Taiwanese version.
(2) Sun Blueprint? This book is a red note (library book) of Beiping Library in the Republic of China copied by the historical language of Academia Sinica. It almost completely keeps the original appearance of the library and becomes a member of the library-based system. Blueprint is actually a transitional body from library standard to Taiwan Province standard.
(3) Taiwan Province is Taiwan Province Province? Academia Sinica? 1962, the institute of historical languages began to enlarge and photocopy the microfilm of the library. When the library was deposited in the United States, the Library of Congress obtained the consent of Hu Shi, then ambassador to the United States, and made the library into microfilm. After the Shiyu Institute moved to Taiwan, Hu Shi asked the Library of Congress to hand over the film to the Shiyu Institute. Shi Yu Institute used this microfilm to enlarge and copy it into today's stage edition.
2. Holding system
(1) Take this book? Capital preservation, referred to as capital preservation. This book started in Taizu and ended in Zongshen. It was collected and printed by Baojinglou. Baojing Building is the library of Lu Zhi, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, and its address is in Ningbo, Zhejiang. Shi Minglu, his collection, was owned by Liujiayetang in Wuxing, Zhejiang Province in the early Republic of China, so it was stamped with the seal of Jiayetang.
Although notebooks are banknotes, not all volumes are banknotes. This book was originally copied privately by Ming Shenzong as the head of Ci Department, and was later returned to Li Yingsheng. After Li Yingsheng went to prison, he was copied into the official and dismembered when he returned. The existing notebook is a combination of banknotes and other notebooks.
(2) Su Ben? Jiangsu university library copied land, referred to as Su Ben. Su Ben was copied by Jiangsu Sinology Library in the early years of the Republic of China, and the missing part was supplemented according to other books collected by Jiayetang. However, the records of Xizong were still missing, and then it was supplemented according to other books.
(3) Liang Ben? Liang Hongzhi photocopied Shi Minglu, a copy of the library of Guo Li University in Jiangsu Province, referred to as Liang Ben for short. In the 30th year of the Republic of China (194 1), Liang Hongzhi, a native of Changle, borrowed Su Ben and copied it into a book, which was published by China. Liang Ben, Su Like Ben, Mao Shi Lu to Zongshen Shi Lu were all copied from Jiayetang Collection and other manuscripts of Jiayetang, but Xizong Shi Lu did not come from Jiayetang, but from other sources, and some scholars think it came from the library.
3 Guangben
The Cantonese version of Records of the Ming Dynasty, referred to as Guangben for short, began in Taizu and ended in Guangzong, but only in Xizong. what's up Collect Cantonese books? Sealed. Guangben is also a combination of several books, including Ming edition and Qing edition. Guangben was collected by the Ordnance Department of the National Government from the early years of the Republic of China. In July 20, the ordnance department presented Guangben to the Institute of History and Linguistics of Academia Sinica.
To sum up, the most authoritative book of A Record of the Ming Dynasty is the original text of the Imperial Review, the copy of the Cabinet, the big copy (the copy of the old copy of the inner government) and the small copy (the small copy for reading), but unfortunately they were all destroyed in the early Qing Dynasty. The most complete books in existence are only library series, rare series and wide series.
As a record of the historical truth of the Ming Dynasty, Shi Minglu was kept secret in the Ming Dynasty and burned in the Qing Dynasty. However, due to its great original historical value, it was copied by people, and the historical facts of the Ming Dynasty and the fact that it was handed over to the Ming Dynasty in the early Qing Dynasty were not covered up in the end.