Qingdao is an important economic center city and port city along the eastern coast of China, a national historical and cultural city and a scenic spot.
Qingdao is 14 coastal open city and one of the eight international conference cities.
Qingdao is one of the important foreign trade ports in China.
Qingdao is an important marine scientific research base in China.
Geographical location and natural environment
Qingdao is located at the southern tip of Shandong Peninsula (35 35'-37 09' north latitude and119 30'-12100' east longitude), on the coast of the Yellow Sea. Qingdao is a unique coastal city with beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. The total length of the city's coastline (including island coastline) is 870 kilometers, of which the mainland coastline is 730 kilometers, accounting for 1/4 of the coastline of Shandong Province. The coast twists and turns, and the headland intersects with the bay.
Qingdao now governs seven districts and five cities, with a total area of 10654 square kilometers and a total population of 7,206,800, including urban area of 1 102 square kilometers and a population of 2,467,700.
Qingdao is located in the north temperate monsoon region and belongs to the temperate monsoon climate. Due to the direct regulation of the marine environment and the influence of southeast monsoon, ocean current and water mass from the ocean surface, the urban area has obvious maritime climate characteristics. The air is humid, the temperature is moderate, and the four seasons are distinct. The temperature rises slowly in spring, which is later than inland 1 month. Summer is hot and humid and rainy, but there is no heating; In autumn, the weather is refreshing and there is little precipitation; In winter, the wind is strong, the temperature is low and the duration is long.
The development of history
Qingdao is a famous historical and cultural city and the birthplace of Taoism in China. 6000 years ago, there were human beings here. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Jimo, the second great history of Shandong Province at that time, was established. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he visited Langyatai, now located in Jiaonan, Qingdao, three times. Xu Fu of Qin Dynasty led a fleet to cross Korea and Japan from Langya Mountain. In the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once worshipped the gods in the Jiaomen Palace in Buqi Mountain, which is now located in Chengyang District, Qingdao, and set up Jiuming Hall to worship the ancestors in Nvgu Mountain on the coast of Jiaozhou Bay. At the end of Qing Dynasty, Qingdao had developed into a prosperous town, which used to be called Jiaoao.
189 1 14 June (the 17th year of Guangxu reign), the Qing government fortified Jiaoao, which was the beginning of the construction of Qingdao. 1897165438+10 In October, Germany used the "Juye religious plan" as an excuse to send troops to occupy Qingdao. 19 14 World War I broke out. 1 1 In June, Japan invaded Qingdao and replaced Germany in military colonial rule of Qingdao. 19 19, the famous May 4th Movement in China's modern history was caused by "recovering Qingdao". 1922 12 10, China recovered Qingdao, opened it as a commercial port, and set up the Jiaoao commercial port supervision office, which was directly under the Beiyang government. 1929 July, Qingdao Special City was established. 1930, renamed Qingdao. 1938 65438+ 10, Japan invaded Qingdao again. 1945 In September, the Kuomintang government took over Qingdao, which was still a special city. 1June 2, 949, Qingdao was liberated. 1986, Qingdao was listed separately in the national plan, giving considerable provincial economic management authority. 1994 is listed as one of the national 15 sub-provincial cities. Qingdao Port is a famous natural port, an important international trade port and a maritime transportation hub in the Yellow River Basin of China and the west coast of the Pacific Rim. It has container, ore, crude oil and coal terminals, 97 international air routes to more than 450 ports, and 465,438+09 international flights to all parts of the world every month. In 2004, the annual throughput of Qingdao Port exceeded 654.38+603 billion tons, ranking fifth in China. Among them, the ore throughput is 53 million tons, ranking first in the country; The throughput of imported crude oil is 23 million tons, ranking first in the country; Foreign trade throughput1.200 million tons, ranking second in the country; The container throughput exceeded 5 million TEUs, reaching 5 1.4 million TEUs, ranking third in China and stepping into the top 1.5 in the world. The outward orientation of the port is 75%, ranking first in the country.
Qingdao air transport maintained rapid growth. In 2004, the air passenger throughput was 4,808,400, an increase of 37.9%; Air cargo and mail throughput104500 tons, up by 38.29%. Open direct passenger and cargo routes 19 to Tokyo, Osaka, Fukuoka, Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Paris (via Shanghai), seven European countries (via Beijing), Singapore, Bangkok, Hong Kong and Macao. Frankfurt flight will be opened soon, and it will be connected with major cities in the world through five international hub ports: Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Tokyo and Seoul. Flights have been opened to 47 major cities in China, including Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, with more than 800 flights per week.
The road traffic in Qingdao is very developed. Up to now, nine expressways have been built in Qingdao, including Qing Ji, Jiaozhou Bay, Liu Xi, Liu Xi, Xiamen-Shuangcheng, Weilai, Tongshan, Yin Qing, National Highway 206 and Qianwan Port. The total mileage of expressways reaches 524 kilometers, accounting for one-sixth of the total mileage of expressways in China and one-sixth of the whole province. At present, the number, length, density and proportion of expressways in Qingdao rank first among similar cities in China, and have initially reached the level of developed countries.
Coastal highway is one of the main skeletons of Qingdao transportation system. The project starts from the eastern end of Xielaba in Fengcheng, jimo city, Qingdao, passing through jimo city, Laoshan District, Shinan District, Huangdao District and Jiaonan City, and ends at National Highway 204 near Liushudi Village, Boli Town, Jiaonan City. The total mileage of coastal highway is about 282. 1 km, the total investment of the project is about 3 billion yuan, and the construction period is 3 years. It is planned to be completed and opened to traffic in 2006.
Qingdao's post and telecommunications business grew rapidly. In 20001year, the total post and telecommunications business was 7.38 billion yuan, an increase of 27.7%. With the continuous popularization and improvement of network information technology, in 2004, the total number of netizens reached 664,500, an increase of 67.5%, and the usage time reached 780 million minutes. The communication capacity was further enhanced, and the total capacity of local telephone exchanges in the city reached 2,997,500, an increase of 24.2%; The number of local telephone users reached 2.049 million, and the number of mobile telephone users increased to 3.7632 million.
Qingdao's cultural undertakings are developing vigorously. There are 495 cultural institutions in the city. Among them, there are 29 theaters, 2 film teams14, cultural centers (stations) 153, 7 museums, public libraries 13, art performance groups 165438 and radio stations 65438. The city published 0/7.5 million magazines and 645.936 million newspapers. In 2004, * * * created and published 332 literary and artistic works (articles and drawings) and won 29 awards at or above the provincial level. There are 14 archives in the city.
Education has developed steadily. There are 28 colleges and universities in the city, with students184,000. There are 4 14 middle schools with 43,438+00,000 students; There are 83 secondary specialized schools and technical schools with students 162700; There are 1037 primary schools with 476,900 students. The enrollment rate of junior high school is over 99%. Qingdao New District, which developed in 1990s, has become the political, economic, financial and cultural center of Qingdao. The former shanty towns have been replaced by elegant residential quarters and rows of high-rise buildings.
Over the years, Qingdao has been adhering to the concept of "creating a beautiful environment and building pleasant houses", and has been fully developed in urban planning, ecological environment and residential buildings, and basically formed a living environment with beautiful mountains and seas, clean environment, perfect functions and comfortable life. It has successively won the titles of "National Sanitary City", "National Environmental Protection Model City", "National Garden City" and "China Habitat Environment Award" (the first place), and is one of the cities with the best environmental conditions in China.
The income and expenditure of urban and rural residents continued to grow, and their living standards further improved. In 2004, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 1 1089 yuan, an increase of10.1%; The per capita consumption expenditure was 9002 yuan, up by 1 1.7%, and the Engel coefficient was 38%. The per capita net income of farmers is 5080 yuan, increasing by 12. 1%, and the per capita living expenditure is 3353 yuan, increasing by 12.2%. The average wage of social workers 13445 yuan, an increase of 12%. The per capita residential construction area in cities and towns is 24. 19 square meters, and the per capita housing use area of farmers is 27.99 square meters.