First of all, from the producer's point of view, in order to maximize the benefits, that is, to make the cost as low as possible or the selling price as high as possible, the producer may take two actions: first, to cut corners as much as possible in the production process, to make fake products at a lower cost than the real ones, and because of the information asymmetry between producers and consumers, the fake products produced are not easy to be found by consumers, and can be sold as fake products in the market, thus obtaining profits higher than the normal profits. For example, in order to save costs, pharmaceutical manufacturers can reduce production costs by replacing genuine raw materials with low-priced and inferior fake raw materials. Without professional knowledge, ordinary consumers can't find the real information in their production process, or the cost of finding the real information is very high, so they can only know it through testing and other means, so that the counterfeit products produced can be sold in the market at the genuine price, thus gaining more benefits. On the contrary, some goods that are easily caught by consumers are not easy to become fakes, such as chopsticks and sewing needles, because if such goods are fakes, they are easy to be found by consumers, so they cannot be sold as genuine goods in the market. Second, even if producers do not cut corners and use normal raw materials to produce products, in order to obtain high profits, they can also use brand-name goods for sales, because the prices of brand-name goods are higher than ordinary goods. For example, a liquor production enterprise uses normal raw materials in the production process, and in order to obtain higher profits, it produces and sells in the name of brand-name liquor with great influence and high price in the market, saying that "as long as it can compete,
Secondly, from the consumer's point of view, there are three reasons for the existence of counterfeit goods: First, consumers lack relevant commodity knowledge, are deceived by producers, and passively buy counterfeit goods. Any consumer's knowledge is limited, and there are a lot of goods on the market. In addition, in the production process, producers always try their best to cover up the real information in the production process, which also increases the difficulty for consumers to identify counterfeit goods. For example, a consumer with rich knowledge of cosmetics may easily identify counterfeit cosmetics, but if he knows very little about liquor, he may buy fake wine. Second, consumers, as rational economic men, take the initiative to buy fakes for the maximization of their own interests, which is also an important reason why fakes can exist in the market. For example, a set of authentic brand-name clothing is expensive in the market. If the manufacturer produces counterfeit clothing similar to this set of genuine brand-name clothing in style, function, appearance, etc., but the price is low, even if the manufacturer clearly informs the consumer that it is a fake at the time of purchase, it may prompt the consumer to buy it. The same reason can also explain why there are a large number of pirated software and pirated CDs in the software market and audio-visual market. Third, the cost for consumers to deal with fake goods disputes is too high. After consumers passively buy fake goods, they later find that if there are too many obstacles in the process of dealing with fake goods disputes, the cost of dealing with fake goods is too high. As rational consumers, they have to admit their bad luck, which makes fake goods even more unscrupulous.