(A) the choice of reading time:

In the early stage of cultivating children's reading habits, parents should set aside 30 minutes every day, or quietly accompany their children to read, or tell him stories to help him enter another magical world, fully enjoy the freedom, happiness and tranquility of this world, and appease his excitement and tension in the day. Gradually, he will look forward to the arrival of this time every day, and even he will remind you: it's time, I want to read! Conditional parents can also arrange reading twice a day, and the specific time can be flexibly mastered, such as morning, evening or before going to bed. It is not advisable to arrange children's reading activities too much or too long. Attention should be paid to the combination of motion and static, and children's vision development should be fully considered. The place to study should be in a place with bright but not dazzling light and quiet and comfortable environment. ?

Parents need to be reminded of three points:

First, grasp the time limit. When children can't concentrate on listening to your story, you can flexibly adjust the time of telling the story according to the situation, or stop telling it. Children should not read when they are angry or excited. ?

You must not force your child to listen to you, lest you get bored or resistant. And when the child is absorbed in the world of books, don't interrupt at will; ?

The second is to improve a good reading environment: the reading environment includes two aspects: one is the material environment for reading, and the other is the spiritual environment for reading. ?

Physical environment: choose a room or corner with good lighting, quiet and comfortable, with a sofa or carpet, which is reliable to sit in and not easily disturbed by the outside world. ?

Spiritual environment: To cultivate good reading interest, parents should set an example. Use your persistent actions to influence children. When telling stories to children, try to turn off the TV and stereo to reduce external factors that distract children's attention; ?

In addition, it is best to have a space for books at home. These books should be placed where children can easily see and reach them. They can be cabinets or cartons, but there should be a bookshelf. It can also be arranged in the living room, bedroom, kitchen and dining room. ?

The space for books must be open, clean and fresh to make children feel relaxed, warm and comfortable. Don't have too much light. There should be comfortable cushions, small tables and chairs for children to sit on, some colored pencils and paper, so that he can draw inspiration from books, write what he wants to say on paper, and keep his favorite toys around him. After a while, he can change the toys and tablecloths on the table. ?

With such a corner, I believe it will attract children to come here often. Slowly, the child will decide which books to put and how to put them, and he will also choose a book he wants to read, and the book will become his friend. ?

Third, children never tire of hearing a story, so tell it again and don't be afraid of trouble. ?

(2) to attract children's interest in reading:

For children who have not formed reading habits, quiet reading activities are certainly not as attractive as watching TV and playing games. Therefore, when parents start to do parent-child reading, they need to master some tips?

1. Before telling a story, design a few questions for the child to answer in advance, and the child will listen carefully and purposefully to stimulate his interest. ?

2. When talking about the end of the story, deliberately stop and inspire the children to make up the end of the story themselves, and then compare it with the original text. This method can stimulate children's enthusiasm for reading, and also help them to form new ideas for acquiring knowledge, which comes from books. ?

3. Let the children read aloud. Parents choose their favorite books and let their children "read aloud". Children's reading habits will gradually develop and their reading ability will be greatly improved. ?

No matter telling stories, listening to books, reading and reading, we should reserve a small space for children to meet every day and be willing to visit frequently, so that he can establish emotional ties with books and reading to the maximum extent and experience the happiness and freedom in books to the maximum extent. ?

(3) Several points for attention in guiding children to read:

When parents are reading to their children, it often happens that the books you carefully choose for your baby are not interested at all, or the children are not interested in your reading activities. In fact, parents can avoid similar problems by paying attention to the following aspects. ?

1, affected by interest:?

Children often read all by interest, and those who are not interested don't read at all. Before reading to their children, parents can purposefully select works that can arouse their children's interests, interesting things that have happened in their recent lives and learning places in kindergartens. It can be fairy tales, stories, Chinese studies or encyclopedic knowledge. In short, it is necessary to arouse children's "listening" needs in order to achieve the purpose of cultivating reading. ?

2. I like someone to accompany me;

In the process of cultivating children's reading habits, parent-child reading is the best guiding way. Parents should first correct the misconception that "you must sit there quietly while reading". For children, reading is a skill that needs a process to master. Therefore, parents must not force their children to study alone. Only after training, children will feel that reading is a pleasant thing and will be willing to study alone. ?

3. Look, say and ask?

Many parents are often interrupted by their children's questions when doing parent-child reading for their children. In fact, this is a remarkable feature of children's reading. Therefore, to guide children to read books, we can teach them to talk while reading and point to the contents of the book. When children ask questions, they should explain patiently, but they don't have to expand too much and don't say too much. Sentences should be short, the language should be nice and easy to understand. ?

4, do not pursue reading in turn:?

Children's sight and thinking are often jumping. There is no need to force him to read by theme, by page number and in order. The child has just heard the story of a hundred surnames, and then he wants to hear the ugly duckling. There is absolutely no need for parents to force their children to read three stories according to today's reading plan, and they can choose stories according to their interests. After all, protecting their reading interest is the most important thing. When the child is older, the control over his behavior can be gradually enhanced. Children will read methodically, or read according to the requirements of parents and teachers. When a child is five or six years old, parents should teach him some reading skills before he enters primary school. For example, reading books in page number order; Read from front to back, from left to right and from top to bottom; Turn pages, understand the meaning of page numbers, cherish books and so on. ?

5. Never force reading:?

If the child is in a bad mood and is not interested in reading, try to guide him, not simply and rudely, forcing him to read. This can easily lead to children being tired of learning before entering school. ?

(4) Several ways to cultivate children's reading habits. ?

Reading comes from the rich visual stimuli in life, and everything around it is fresh for the baby. They are constantly aware of this brand-new world. At this time, parents should provide rich reading environment and reading opportunities for their babies, care for their budding reading interest, and thus cultivate their reading ability and habits. ?

Maybe mom and dad will feel this way. The baby is always pestering you to tell stories, but he doesn't want to "read" the stories in the book. In fact, listening, speaking, reading and writing are the inevitable processes of the development of language intelligence. Reading begins with parents telling stories to their children vividly. Parents should preview before reading to their children. First of all, you should be clear about the story you want to read to your children. Are there any unfamiliar words in the story? What is the central theme of this story? What is the educational significance for children? What kind of information do you want your children to receive through this story, and so on?

In addition, when you want your child to change in behavior, self-cultivation and will quality, you can also give your child positive hints through meaningful stories. For example, if children don't want to use their own brains when encountering problems, you can choose crows to drink water, trees to hold the ball, ponies to cross the river, Sima Guang to smash the jar, and Cao Chong to weigh elephants. Encourage children to use their brains to find ways; For moral education of children, we can choose Wolf, the Child with an Empty Flower Pot, Kong Rong's Let Pear, George Washington and His Axe, and The Promise of Gold. Cultivating children's curiosity can be achieved through common natural phenomena and encyclopedias of life around them ... every literary work has its own different meanings. Parents should help their children understand and absorb the nutrition while accompanying their children to read. Pure mechanical reading is meaningless. Here are several parent-child reading methods that are easy to arouse children's interest and cause children to sing:

☆ Method 1: Do what you like?

When choosing books and picture books for your baby, you must do what you like. You can even choose classic stories that children like to listen to, such as Journey to the West, What happened to the sea, Little Red Riding Hood and so on. Only when children are familiar with and love stories can they stimulate their willingness to listen, read and watch, and initiative is the correct learning attitude. ?

Children have a psychological characteristic: they like to repeat what they like and are familiar with, and so do listening and telling stories. But as long as the child is willing, parents should meet his requirements and read repeatedly. Sometimes parents can be the baby's listeners, but when the baby is telling you a story, no matter how many times it is repeated, you should be as fresh as the first time. You can even ask questions curiously while listening. For example, when the child was talking about "the pony crossing the river", the parents heard that the little squirrel was drowned, and they deliberately echoed loudly: "You can't cross the river, it's dangerous!" ; Hearing the old cow say that the water is shallow and it is easy to cross the river, parents can also take the opportunity to ask: "Why did the little squirrel drown, but the old cow was fine?" At this time, maybe the baby will proudly tell you: "I don't understand this, because the little squirrel is small and the old cow is big!" " ".This little interaction not only stimulates children's interest, but also enables children to find a sense of accomplishment in reading. If parents can often ask such questions when listening to stories, it won't be long before your baby will love reading. ?

Babies in early childhood like to make you tell the same story or read the same book over and over again. This shows that children's love for books is sincere. Parents must take this phenomenon seriously and meet their children's requirements! ?

☆ Method 2: Active reading?

Words give people unlimited imagination. In the process of reading, the reader will draw a picture in his mind, and even enter the role in reading and resonate. The magical charm of words also makes parent-child reading more interesting. You might as well make good use of books and play tricks with your baby. ?

Although every child has personality differences, some are expressive and some are shy. The story performance in the family environment can make children experience the fun of the performance in a relaxed state, and parents' participation in the performance will greatly improve their enthusiasm, which is the first choice for "lively reading". ?

Before performing the story, parents can use a big story book with pictures and texts to attract their children. Reading aloud with parents' full voices and emotions is the first step to stimulate children to express their desires. Children are little geniuses who are good at imitating, so parents should speak slowly and have rich expressions when performing, so that children can enter the state and imitate independently when they are infected by the story atmosphere. Once the child expresses his desire to participate, parents can actively encourage him to join the performance. Regardless of the child's cognitive level, language expression level and performance ability, parents should let him play the leading role, so as to make him fall in love with acting and reading. ?

☆ Method 3: Share feelings?

This method also needs some strategies to arouse children's interest. Different methods should be adopted before reading, during reading and after reading. ?

Before reading, parents can put a "gimmick" to stimulate children's curiosity in listening to the story: "Today, mom tells you a very nice story! There is a cute little white rabbit in the story. It wants to be friends with the baby! " ?

In reading, parents and babies read together and exchange feelings in reading. For example, "Mom hates wolves. What about the baby? " You can also let the baby guess what will happen on the next page of the story book. After thinking about several hypotheses, the baby turned the book over to see if it was right, and then continued to talk. Sometimes, mom and dad can also exchange diametrically opposite opinions with their babies, which will stimulate their competitiveness. At the same time, the baby's interest in listening to stories and reading books will be greatly increased. ?

After reading it, parents can leave an ending, or take the ending of the story as an extension of the new story and continue to make up stories with the baby. For example, after the story of "Pony Crossing the River" was finished, parents took the ending as the beginning of the story: "Pony returned to the river after grinding wheat, and suddenly found a little rabbit sitting on the side of the road crying. The pony immediately asked,' Rabbit, why are you crying?' Bunny replied:' Mom left, whoops …' "According to such a new beginning, parents can arouse their baby's imagination with questions:" Oh, Bunny's mother left, where did she go? What can I do? " Here, parents should pay attention to their children's age and the development level of language intelligence. If children are young and have some difficulties in language description, parents should help them tell stories and don't scare them with a series of questions. ?

Parents can let their children continue to make up stories as a kind of "letting go of growth" in education. Perhaps it is reasonable for children to make up their own stories, but this does not mean that children have no imagination. Sometimes, they are just not good at expressing themselves. Only when parents really let their children imagine and induce them with gentle and positive language can children really get the opportunity to improve their language intelligence. This method is very important for developing children's imagination and stimulating their curiosity. ?

☆ Method 4. Do a good job of "speaking, watching, listening and quoting"?

"Talk" includes parents' talk and children's talk. Every day, parents can choose some diversified reading materials for their children according to their age characteristics, or let their children intersperse stories or continue stories according to their reading level, which not only strengthens the parent-child relationship, but also enables their children to develop good reading habits. ?

In today's information society, parents should not only provide their children with suitable reading materials, but also guide their children to watch multimedia materials related to visual stimuli, such as courseware and audio-visual materials. You can also teach children to know simple signs and symbols that are common in life, or take them to know traffic signs, store names, road names, etc. when shopping, which are all indispensable parts of early reading. ?

"Listen" to children's stories, and gradually have the desire to make up their own stories. At this time, parents should patiently listen to children telling short stories, and can guide children to retell stories or recite the contents of hundreds of surnames and thousands of words. No matter how children repeat (recite), they should affirm their efforts and progress. ?

In early reading activities, parents should guide their children to read books freely by playing games and toys. In the process of reading, parents should guide their children to observe the background of the picture, expand their imagination, speculate on the plot, understand the content of the story, and help them master basic reading skills and develop good reading habits according to the actual reading situation. In leisure time, parents should take their children to the library or bookstore to guide them to enjoy the reading environment. ?

☆ Method 5: Refers to reading?

Compared with the above three methods, "finger reading" is relatively rigid, requiring children and parents to be more patient and focused. Finger reading is very helpful to improve reading ability. At the beginning, when you let your child learn to read with his fingers, you may find that his hands and eyes are not in harmony. At this time, parents can talk about where to point with their fingers and let their children's eyes move with their parents' fingers. Later, parents can pick up their baby's little hands and talk about where to point. When reading by hand, parents can deliberately slow down and focus on the relevant pictures or words, so that the next time the baby tells a story, the reading will go smoothly. ?

When reading with your fingers, you should first read the title aloud, and the reading speed should be the same as the reading speed. The voice of reading should be constantly changing, and the volume, speech speed and intonation should be adjusted according to the plot. ?

☆ Method 6: Have questions and answers?

After reading the above methods, you may think that only story books are suitable for babies to read, but this is not the case. Natural science series is also a kind of books that babies like very much. It is most appropriate to read such books by interactive questioning. Let's take "Knowledge Encyclopedia" as an example to talk about interactive questioning reading. ?

Before reading, parents can stimulate the "100,000 whys" in their children's minds, such as: Why is the sky blue? Why is there day and night? Why do birds fly? Why do fish sleep with their eyes open ... let children take these questions and start exploring this book. ?

In reading, mom and dad can have a little knowledge contest with their baby to see who reads carefully, knows more and answers quickly! The process of arguing and rushing to answer is also a good reading atmosphere, because controversial questions can stimulate rereading or deeper reading, and find the correct answer from the book. ?

Curiosity is the most direct reading opportunity. Encouraging children to explore and think in books by asking and answering questions will definitely make children love reading. ?

When children fall in love with reading and knowledge, parents can further motivate their children by "not 100% satisfying their thirst for knowledge". If children are interested in the story, they can leave a suspense and announce it tomorrow. In this way, children's thirst for knowledge and curiosity will be stimulated to the highest level. ?

Question-and-answer interactive questioning reading is suitable for older children, because they have certain cognitive ability and strong thirst for knowledge. ?

☆ Method 7: Encourage children to tell stories?

Parents can encourage their children to "perform" in front of everyone when they have mastered a certain story. This kind of performance can be telling stories, or it can be an opportunity for children to show "erudition". Let the child realize the sense of accomplishment that reading brings him, thus triggering his motivation for further reading. If your baby is an introverted and shy child, it is a good exercise method to ask him to tell you stories. Any feedback you give during listening to the story is encouragement to him. ?

☆ Method 8: Appreciate your child's progress?

No matter how the child reacts to the contents of the book, parents should praise his performance first, and then ask questions that may not have been thought of for him to reflect on. Children's reading confidence is the premise of cultivating reading interest, and the establishment of reading confidence often comes from parents' sincere praise and encouragement. ?

Second, what are the educational characteristics of different types of literary works [/U]?

The growth of children needs different nutrition to nourish the soul and enlighten wisdom. Moreover, children's intellectual development also needs angle stimulation to cultivate different abilities. Here is a brief introduction to the influence of reading different kinds of books on children. ?

1, reading materials of Chinese studies. ?

There are many advantages for children to read hundreds of surnames, thousands of words, augmented literature and The Analects of Confucius: First, it is convenient to quickly understand Chinese characters and quickly learn about 3,000 commonly used Chinese characters. This kind of reading material is written in the form of verse, neatly arranged and rhymed, which is very easy to remember. Secondly, children can quickly have a general understanding of etiquette culture, moral cultivation, historical knowledge and idioms and allusions, laying a foundation for further study. These are basic cultural knowledge, and it is easy for everyone to master them when they study together. Third, it can train children's memory ability and promote the development of the brain. This three-word four-word poem is easy to remember and children are willing to accept it. If you persist for a period of time, you can form memory habits and improve your memory ability. The purpose of recommending Chinese studies series is to develop children's memory potential and intelligence. Children are in the rapid development stage of memory and intuition, and the series of Chinese studies can train and improve these abilities well. ?

2. bedtime stories. ?

Good sleep habits are an important link to ensure children's physical health and intellectual development. Bedtime stories can make children leave the TV, listen to their mother's voice in music and listen to beautiful stories quietly. This way helps to improve children's understanding, and telling stories before going to bed is very important for children's emotional development. Telling stories and explaining what happened during the day can help children overcome their fear of darkness and contribute to their future growth. Listening to bedtime stories can also deepen the communication and contact between parents and children, thus making children feel safe. In addition, bedtime is the peak of human memory, and what you hear at this time is easier for children to remember and reproduce. ?

3. Fairy tales and classic stories:

Fairy tales are a kind of literary theme suitable for children to read. They create vivid images through rich fantasy and exaggeration, reflect real life with tortuous and touching story lines and easy-to-understand language, suppress evil and promote good, and achieve the purpose of educating people. Fairy tales can make people learn and be happy. ?

Good fairy tales bring children into a beautiful artistic conception through beautiful descriptions. In the process of reading fairy tales, children will not only enrich their vocabulary, but also insert the wings of imagination. It plays an irreplaceable role in cultivating children's rich language and imagination. ?

4. Folk idiom stories:?

Folk idiom stories are the condensation of historical culture and wisdom, and they are the products of various historical times. Their contents are very rich, including very rich knowledge and truth. Folk idiom stories can broaden children's horizons and increase their knowledge; It is helpful to cultivate children's good feelings and will. ?

5. Knowledge Encyclopedia Series:?

Children are naturally curious and always have a desire to explore everything around them. Whether this desire to explore in early childhood can be satisfied often has a great influence on children's thirst for knowledge when they grow up. The Knowledge Encyclopedia series gives lively, interesting and easy-to-understand explanations on many aspects that children are most interested in, such as life encyclopedia, astronomy and geography, human mysteries, animal and plant knowledge, unsolved mysteries and so on. It creates a golden temple of knowledge for children. ?

Three. [/U] Problems and solutions in the cultivation of children's reading habits [/U]?

1, children always turn pages when reading and refuse to look closely. What should I do?

★ There are two main situations for such children. One is because his attention is stable for a short time, but because the stories chosen by parents do not conform to the children's appreciation habits or are too dull and boring. For such children, parents should first choose short and interesting stories, such as monkeys fishing for the moon, tortoise and rabbit racing, crows drinking water, foxes and crows, wolves and lambs, cats breeding fish, Smith, the north wind and the sun, contradictions, stealing clocks and so on. ?

In addition, parents should be lively when reading stories, pause at key plots or ask a small question, so that children can actively participate in reading and concentrate. ?

2. How to teach children to organize and care for books?

★ Books can bring great happiness to children and accompany them to spend a happy childhood, so parents are willing to buy books for their children. However, how do children treat books? What should I do after reading the book? Many parents have neglected this important topic with educational significance, and as a result, children have developed a bad habit of not cherishing things. Some parents think that children are still young, and littered books should be cleaned up by adults. This understanding and practice is not good for children. Parents should seize the opportunity to cultivate their children's habit of sorting out books, and must not treat it lightly as a trivial matter. ?

To teach children to organize books, we should first prepare several large cartons or wooden cases for them, or give them a drawer with suitable height and convenient opening and closing. We can also make a space or corner on the bookshelf for adults to put books, otherwise the requirements will not be met. ?

When children are two years old, they can learn to pack toys and books. At first, adults began to pack things, asked the children to help them pass them over, and told them, "I'm tired of playing with you, and I'm going home to rest." Children will know how to clean up after reading books every day. Gradually, children can be reminded by adults to put their books in designated places, and adults can help them put them in order until they can put them away by themselves. At the age of five, children should be taught to put books in good order according to their size. When children study, they should do it entirely by themselves. Parents only need to check it in time and ask for it. ?

"Habit becomes nature". Through the consistent and consistent requirements between adults and children's daily practice, children can not only form a good habit of packing books, but also pack other things they have used, such as paper and pens after painting, brooms and dustpans after sweeping the floor, and clothes they have taken off. With the continuous strengthening and migration of this good habit. After entering primary school, children can quickly learn to organize their own stationery and schoolbags under the guidance of adults. ?

Adults can cultivate children's good habits of doing their own things and doing things in an orderly way from the little things in daily life, so that children can benefit for life. ?

If the child is too young, he will break the book. Do you need to wait for him to grow up and take care of the books before buying them? ?

★ When children first come into contact with reading, they don't know what books are. The sound of parents reading is the first step to impress their children with books. Because they don't understand the nature of paper, and they don't know that the content of a book will be broken once it is torn, and they don't know how difficult it will be to tear a book, so it is inevitable for children to tear a book. So, how to let children spend the "book tearing period" as soon as possible? Perhaps, the "torture" of half a story and the experience of making up books with parents will encourage children to gradually master the essentials of book protection. ?

Children like reading books and listening to stories very much, but if there is a little sadness and tension in the book, he will cry. Is this normal? ?

★ This is a normal performance. On the one hand, such a child may be sensitive, on the other hand, it also shows that he is so absorbed in listening to stories that he can't distinguish fictional emotions from real emotions for the time being. Adults can try to avoid reading too exciting stories, and they can also find ways to help children jump out of the story when watching such stories. ?

How to help children jump out of stories? You can try to master the rhythm when telling stories. In a place where children may find it a little exciting, adults can easily ask a question and let the children guess what happened later. Children often add their own wishes, so adults may also try to modify the story according to their own wishes. The same story can actually produce many different results. If adults can guide children to participate in making up stories, children's own stories will naturally be more acceptable, and knowing that "the original story is made up like this", children can "get in and out freely" in the story. ?

5. When telling a story, some words are still incomprehensible to children. Do you want to continue reading without explaining, or stop to explain? ?

★ This question really involves a dilemma: on the one hand, parents are interrupted too much when telling stories, which may damage the interest of stories; On the other hand, letting children listen to stories in confusion all the way is not conducive to truly understanding and appreciating stories. Therefore, it needs to be handled flexibly according to the actual situation. Let children like to listen and understand. If the child asks his own questions, explain them to him; If the child is in high spirits without asking, then continue reading. Adults can encourage children to ask their own questions and have a chat easily, whether in the process of telling stories or after telling stories. The more easygoing and natural this communication is, the more it can arouse children's interest, which is of great help to improve children's understanding ability. ?

The baby likes me to read to him, but I find that he doesn't understand many things. When I read to him, I occasionally ask some questions in the book, but he usually doesn't answer, and he is very reluctant to answer. How can I guide him? ?