What's so particular about the words on ancient seals? In ancient times, seals were used very frequently, especially by some officials. Basically, it is very important for them to have a seal. So, what is the emphasis on the words on ancient seals?

What is the word on the ancient seal? There are many kinds of seals, which can basically be divided into official seals and private seals.

Basic classification

Official seal: official seal. The official seals of past dynasties have their own systems, not only with different names, but also with different shapes, sizes, seals and buttons. The seal is issued by the royal family, representing power, used to distinguish official ranks and show the rank of knight. The official seal is generally larger than the private seal, cautious and steady, relatively square, with a nose button.

Private seal: the general name of seals other than official seals. Private printing system is complex, which can be divided into many categories from the aspects of word meaning, text arrangement, production method, printing materials and composition form.

Divide from the meaning of words

Name number printing: the name, table or number of the person engraved with the image. If there is one more Chinese name, print its three words, and if there is no "print", print it. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Zhu Wen has been regarded as the positive case, and some people have added the word "teacher" to their surnames. Modern people also have pen names, which also belong to this category.

The official seal of Zhai: The ancients often named their rooms and study rooms, which were often used as seals. Don Li Qin has a seal of "End Room", which is probably the earliest seal of this kind.

Book seal: the name of the seal is followed by "notice", "white matter" and "statement". Today, there are those who "bid farewell", "sincerely seal" and "nod". This kind of seal is specially used for exchanging books and letters.

Collection and appreciation seal: this seal is mostly used to cover the cultural relics of calligraphy and painting. Prosperous in the Tang Dynasty, better than in the Song Dynasty. Zhenguan written by Emperor Taizong, Kaiyuan written by Xuanzong and Xuanhe written by Song Huizong are all used for painting and calligraphy. The words "collection", "collection", "collection of books", "collection of paintings", "rare play", "secret play" and "books" are added to the collection stamps. Appreciation has added words such as appreciation, appreciation, appreciation, appreciation, appreciation, take a look and eyes. The words "revision", "examination", "assessment", "appraisal" and "revision" are added to the revised seal.

Auspicious seal: printed words engraved with auspicious words. Such as "Italy", "daily profit", "Universiade", "Changle", "long fortune", "suitable for future generations", "healthy longevity", "Yong 'an" and "gaining a thousand stones every day" all belong to this category. In Qin Dynasty, Xiao Xi wrote "Scabies and Diseases, Yongkang Rest in Peace, Wan Shouning", and some people attached auspicious words to their names, which were more common in double-sided printing in Han Dynasty.

Cheng Yuxi: It belongs to the leisure chapter and so on. The seal is engraved with idioms, poems, or complaining about others, romance and Buddhism, which are generally printed on calligraphy and painting. Cheng Yuxi prevailed in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, saying that Jia Sidao had "sages before enjoying", that the literati had "Zhao Xiyu's family knowledge" and that Wen Peng had "stolen my old Peng", all of which were Chinese in Li Sao, which made people laugh. Idioms entered India from the printing of Qin, Han and Ji languages. As a temporary game, it should be meaningful, elegant and not fabricated.

Small seal: also known as "pictographic seal" and "graphic seal", it is the general term for seals engraved with patterns. In ancient times, Xiao Zhuan was generally engraved with figures and animals, and the materials were diverse, including dragons, phoenixes, tigers, dogs, horses, fish and birds, and Jane won. Most of Xiao's seal scripts are sketched, some are pure drawings, and some are added with words. In the seal of China, the dragon and tiger or "four spirits" (dragon, white tiger, suzaku and Xuanwu) are attached to the name.

Seal: Also known as "Flower Seal", it is a symbol of engraving flowers and writing names, and it is difficult to imitate it, because it is a proof of winning trust. This kind of seal, which began in the Song Dynasty, generally has no outer frame. Rectangular shapes were popular in the Yuan Dynasty, with surnames engraved on them and Ba Si Ba Wen or Washington, also known as Heyuan stamps.

Judging from the text arrangement

White printing, vermilion printing, vermilion alternating printing, palindrome printing

In terms of production methods,

Casting printing, engraving printing, cutting printing and jet printing.

Divide from printed materials

Gold seal, jade seal, silver seal, copper seal, iron seal, ivory seal, rhinoceros horn seal, crystal seal, lithograph seal, etc. Today, there are wood seals, plastic seals and plexiglass seals.

From the form of composition

Single-sided printing, double-sided printing, six-sided printing, master printing and overprinting

Printing taboo

Calligraphy and painting should be signed and sealed, and the seal should not be larger than the word. Of course, it is natural to stamp a big seal and a small seal.

Chinese painting is stamped under the lettering, down to the bottom corner, and corner seal is not allowed. For example, the upper right corner and the lower left corner can be stamped with leisure stamps, and the upper left corner and the lower right corner can be stamped. If the above words are printed near the lower corner, there is no need to stamp the leisure stamp.

Chinese painting chess pieces have inscriptions, and the left and right corners have borders, so you can't stamp them casually. Square leisure stamp can be affixed to the upper right corner, square leisure stamp can be affixed to the lower left corner and square leisure stamp can be affixed to the lower right corner. If there is no need to stamp a leisure stamp here, it will be self-defeating if you barely stamp it.

Rectangular, circular and rectangular leisure chapters cannot cover the lower corner of the square leisure chapter. You can't cover the square-inch leisure chapter on the upper edge of calligraphy and painting, otherwise, you will pretend to be the master.

Chinese painting is engraved in a straight line, and the characters at the end of the line are different from other lines, so it can't be neat, and so is the seal.

There are two seals, one round for each side, which can't match. Isomorphic prints can be matched.

Two seals, one large and one small, don't match. The same size can be matched.

Two seals, one rectangular and one oval, don't match. Isomorphic prints can be matched.

Under the seal, you can't sign. If there is a word constraint on the seal, the natural phenomenon will be lost.

Calligraphy and painting have been stamped with a signature stamp, and you can't give it to others after signing it, otherwise it is disrespectful.

Flower heads, bird tails, branches and hills are not allowed to be stamped. This is the painter's basic common sense, which is indispensable.

Artisans carve seals, which cannot be used for calligraphy and painting. Artists need to carve seals, and the carved lithographs are the best.

Ordinary inkpad, not suitable for painting and calligraphy, should use Babao inkpad.

Cover it with two seals, not too far or too close, only one seal apart.

Seal, seal, composition and knife method are different and cannot be matched. Carve the seal with the same knife method.

Don't paint limericks, for one thing, the knower makes fun of them, and for another, the works are vulgar.

You can't put a stamp on the top of the preceding paragraph, and it is on the head of the person's name. People are taboo. One is impolite, and the other is to destroy the picture.

Cover the corner stamp, not too small, rice paper on all sides, formula-shaped lithograph, about three centimeters, more moderate.

Cover the corner, but not both sides, one side is just right. The distance between the seal and the edge is about 1. Five centimeters is moderate.

Except in special circumstances, the inscription does not need to be stamped, but should be covered around the inscription and separated from the line to become a painting.

Don't stamp the calligraphy and painting, it will become a huge bomb, destroy the beautiful picture and make people look terrible.

Small paintings can't be written in big characters, and big paintings can't be written in small characters. Small space can't have more inscriptions, and large space can't have fewer inscriptions.

The name of a painting and calligraphy should not be stamped more than three times, but should be stamped twice or printed properly.

Calligraphy and painting cannot be stamped at will. It is better to cover less than not properly, and it is best not to cover the seal with bad ink.

Cover two seals, don't stagger them, how to cover them, how to use force and how to maintain the seal inkpad are all problems that can't be ignored.

You can't write vulgar words on a painting, which will affect the aesthetic feeling of the picture, so it can't be avoided.

The first picture of calligraphy is in quadruplicate, the first small long chapter can be covered on the upper right, and the rest can't be covered. If it is covered, the gas will go out.

What is the word on the ancient seal? 2. the size is right.

The size of the seal should match the size of the work and be equal to the inscription. It can be smaller, but not larger than the inscription. If the words are small and the paper is tight, you can use small joint beads to show consideration. When using two seals of different sizes in a work, in order to stabilize and avoid the shortcomings of top-heaviness, the seal at the top should be small and the seal at the bottom should be large. If several people cooperate, their seals should be the same size.

The number should be small.

Number of seals, ancient singular. There is a seal "use one without two, use three without four, and cover an odd number, which means supporting yang and suppressing yin." The number of prints should not be too much, too much will be messy and even usurp the host's role. If a work has several printing methods, it is necessary to choose different printing methods to avoid similarities.

Appropriate position

When printing, pay attention to the position. There is always truth, falsehood and density in a work. The secret place is not compact enough and can be filled with a seal; If the sparse place feels empty, it can be enriched by seals, just like moving a small "weight" to make the picture balanced and ironed. The name at the end of the paragraph and the position of the font size stamp should be arranged accurately If there is a space under the title, put it under the department; If there is no blank, it should be left instead of right. The sealing at the end of the paragraph should be kept at an appropriate interval to avoid crowding and looseness. A work uses preface and corner seal at the same time, so avoid putting it aside. The corner pressing chapter should be placed in the lower left corner, diagonal to the leading chapter.

Weight balance

As far as printing color is concerned, ink is lighter and white is heavier. For works with elegant ink color, Zhu should be used to maintain the harmony between the two; The works with strong ink color should be printed in white, so that the red ink color and the black ink color form a strong contrast, which makes each other interesting. If a work is printed several times, the printing colors should be clearly defined, that is, less ink and more white, less ink and more white, which is both diverse and coordinated.

Consistent style

The style of seal should be coordinated with the style and style of calligraphy works. For example, neat and beautiful lower case works should not be stamped with straightforward and urgent seals, and bold and vigorous calligraphy works should not be stamped with exquisite iron seals, otherwise it will be out of place and directly affect the artistic effect of calligraphy works. When using the leisure seal, we should not only pay attention to the integration of its content and the text of the work, but also keep the harmony between the content and style of the seal. For example, the seal of "the country's rivers and mountains" should not be carved piece by piece, and the seal of "a generation of heroes" should not be carved slender and powerless. And so on.

What is the word on the ancient seal? Seal, also known as seal, is printed on a document as letterhead to indicate identity or signature. Generally, seals are dyed with pigments before printing. Those that are not stained with pigment and will appear concave and convex after being printed on a plane are called steel seals, and some are printed on wax or wax or envelopes. Made of metal, wood, stone, jade, etc.

There are many kinds of seals with a long history. The following are some types of seals:

1, ancient seal of the Warring States Period

Ancient seal is the general name of pre-Qin seal. Most of the earliest seals we can see now are ancient seals in the Warring States period. The strokes of seals are as thin as hair, and they are all cast. The ancient seal script in white language is made by adding more side bars or vertical grids in the middle, and the characters are cast and chiseled. In addition to the names of Sima and Situ, the official seal has various irregular shapes, and the content is also engraved with auspicious words and vivid objects.

2. Qin seal

Qin Zhuan refers to the popular seal from the end of the Warring States Period to the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, and the characters used are called. Look at its calligraphy style and Qin and Han dynasties, Qin stone carvings and other characters are very similar, are more popular than the ancient prose in the Warring States period. Qin seals are mostly carved in white with a square surface. The official seal used by junior officials is about half the size of the general square official seal, rectangular and square, which is called "semi-pass seal". Private seals generally like rectangles, but also have round and oval forms. In addition to official names, personal names and Kyrgyz, there are proverbs and idioms such as "respect things", "think for each other and achieve career" and "live in harmony with the masses".

3. Official seal of Han Dynasty

Broadly speaking, it is a general term for official seal from Han Dynasty to Wei and Jin Dynasties. Compared with Qin Zhuan, the seal is more neat, straight, square and vigorous in style. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the handicraft industry was very developed, so the official seal ("Xin" was the name of Wang Mang's dynasty) was particularly exquisite and vivid in the times. seal cutting in the Han Dynasty reached its peak and became a model for later seal engravers to learn. The official seals of the two Han dynasties are mostly white, all of which are cast. Only a few troops are in urgent need of carving the official seal of the brothers instead of casting it, which will be introduced later.

4. Private printing in China

China private seal is a private seal in the Han Dynasty, which is the largest and richest in ancient seals. Not only do they have different shapes, but they are all made of cinnabar and white, or decorated with patterns such as four spirits, and there are also multi-sided printing, overprinter (mother-child printing) and hook printing. In addition to the name, the printed words often include Ji language, native place, table characters, and auxiliary words such as "seal", "private seal" and "letter seal". The button system is extremely diverse, which fully shows the ingenuity of craftsmen in the Han Dynasty. Private printing in the Han Dynasty was still dominated by white, engraving in the Western Han Dynasty and chiseling and casting in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

5. Ordinary printed matter

General seal is also a kind of official seal of China. These seals are often temporary dispatches on the way to March, and they are engraved on the printed surface with a knife, which is also called "urgent printing". Pu Yin's unique style is full of interest and has a great influence on his later artistic style. In the Han dynasty, generals used seals, which are generally called "seals" rather than "seals", which is a major feature of military seals.