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Historical research materials: Auschwitz concentration camp
Auschwitz concentration camp is the largest of more than 1000 concentration camps built by German Nazis during World War II. Because millions of people here were killed by German fascists, it is also called? Death factory? . The concentration camp is more than 300 kilometers from Warsaw, the capital of Poland. It is the general name of more than 40 concentration camps near Auschwitz in southwestern Poland.
The concentration camp was built by German Nazi commander Himmler in April 1940. It consists of three main parts: concentration camp 1, and the first batch of 728 Polish and German political prisoners was taken in June 1940. There are usually 65,438+03,000 to 65,438+06,000 prisoners here, with a maximum of 20,000 prisoners, including anti-Hitler political prisoners, prisoners of war from the invaded countries, Jews and Gypsies. These prisoners come from more than 30 countries including Europe, America and Asia. The concentration camp also held a prisoner from China with the number 18 1292. 194 1 After Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June, Soviet prisoners of war were sent there one after another for detention. The concentration camp No.2, which was built in 194 1 year1October, is officially called Birkenau. Birkenau is a place where German fascists used gas chambers to slaughter detainees on a large scale. Concentration camp 3, also known as Buner, is a large enterprise in Nazi Germany, responsible for the construction and production of synthetic rubber and gasoline, as well as coal mining and cement production in several smaller concentration camps.
German fascists set up a living person in the concentration camp? Medical experiment? Major? Ward? And the lab, and four kinds of weapons of mass destruction? Bathroom? As well as body storage pits and cremators. 1944, about 600 bodies were burned here every day. Cruel fascists even knocked out the victim's gold teeth before burning the body, peeled off the tattoo artist's skin to make a lampshade, and cut off the woman's long hair to weave a carpet.
In June 5438 +2005 10, the historian Piper of the National Museum of Auschwitz in Poland said according to his latest research results that during the four years of the existence of Auschwitz, * * * more than 6,543.8+3,000 people were imprisoned, of which more than 6,543.8+0,654.38+0,000 people died in the concentration camp. At that time, there were at least10.3 million Jews in Europe, of whom about 1. 1 10,000 were imprisoned in Auschwitz concentration camp. Piper pointed out that only about 200 thousand Jews were registered in Auschwitz concentration camp, and the rest were killed almost as soon as they arrived at the concentration camp. According to statistics, during World War II, the German Nazis slaughtered about 6 million Jews.
1945 65438+1On October 27th, the Soviet Red Army conquered Auschwitz concentration camp. At that time, there were only over 7,000 survivors in the concentration camp, including 130 children. On July 2nd, 1948, the former site of Auschwitz concentration camp was turned into a memorial hall for martyrs. 1979, UNESCO listed it in the World Cultural Heritage List to warn the world? Peace, not war? . In order to witness this history, hundreds of thousands of people from all walks of life from all over the world go to the site of Auschwitz concentration camp every year to pay tribute to the innocent people who were persecuted to death by the German Nazis. On June 24th, 2005, the 59th UN General Assembly held a special meeting to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi concentration camp in Auschwitz. In March 2006, the Polish government applied to UNESCO for inclusion in the United Nations World Heritage List? Auschwitz concentration camp? Renamed? Former Nazi Germany Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp? To emphasize that this is a concentration camp established by German Nazis rather than Poles.
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Memorial day of Nazi victims
65438+1October 27th? Memorial Day for Nazi Victims? . 1996, the german government set the liberation day of Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland as? Memorial Day for Nazi Victims? . 1945 65438+1On October 27th, the Soviet Red Army liberated Auschwitz concentration camp in southern Poland. Auschwitz concentration camp was the largest concentration camp built by Nazi Germany during World War II. During World War II, German Nazis imprisoned millions of people here and slaughtered 1 65438+ 10,000 of them, most of whom were Jews. Auschwitz concentration camp has thus become an ironclad proof of ethnic cleansing in Nazi Germany, recording the darkest page in German history.
After World War II, the German government took various measures to make up for the war crimes committed by Nazi Germany. In addition to publicly confessing to the injured country, compensation was also paid to the injured country and the victims. 1970 65438+On February 7th, Brandt knelt down to the Jewish Martyrs Monument in Warsaw to mourn the Jews killed by German fascists and express his remorse on behalf of Germany. In order to remember the bitter lessons of Auschwitz and prevent the resurgence of racism and Nazism, 1996, at the initiative of former German President Herzog, Germany legalized 65438+1October 27th? Memorial Day for Nazi Victims? . Since then, Germany will hold official commemorative activities on this day every year to educate people to remember Nazi crimes forever and prevent history from repeating itself. On June 5438+065438+1 October1day, 2005, the 60th General Assembly unanimously adopted the draft resolution submitted by 104 countries, and decided to set June 5438+1October 27th as? International holocaust remembrance day? In order to oppose any denial of the historical facts of the Nazi Holocaust, all countries are required to educate and help the next generation to understand the crimes related to genocide.
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Historical research materials: Balcen concentration camp
Belgen? Bergen-Barzen, also known as Balzen. Nazi German concentration camp, near the villages of Belgen and Balcen, about 16 km northwest of Zeiler (then Prussia) in Hanover. Founded in July, 1943, part of it is a prison camp and part of it is run by Jews. The designed capacity was 10000 people, but at the end of World War II, 4 10000 people were imprisoned. Although there was no gas chamber in this concentration camp, as many as 37,000 people died of hunger, disease, overwork and dirty living environment. The Nazis used bulldozers to bury the bodies in mass graves. Annie. Frank Frank died in Belgen-Balzen concentration camp in March 1945, and her wartime diary caused a sensation all over the world.
During the five years of the existence of the concentration camp, the German Nazis killed about 70,000 detainees here. At first, it was a Soviet prison camp. Later, political prisoners, homosexuals, gypsies and famous Jews were held here. Nazi Germany hoped to exchange famous Jews for captured soldiers. From 1940 to 1945, about125,000 people were detained here, and about 70,000 detainees were killed.
Belgen? Balzen concentration camp is located near Hanover in northern Germany. 1on April 5, 945, when the British liberated this concentration camp, they found about 60,000 bodies. The victim died of hunger and disease. During the five years of the existence of the concentration camp, the German Nazis killed about 70,000 detainees here. At first, it was a Soviet prison camp. Later, political prisoners, homosexuals, gypsies and famous Jews were held here. Nazi Germany hoped to exchange famous Jews for captured soldiers. From 1940 to 1945, about125,000 people were detained here, and about 70,000 detainees were killed.
1in the summer of 942, the Nazis began to expel Jews from the Warsaw ghetto to treblinka. At this time, the Nazi authorities have turned to Jews with neutral or hostile passports and put them in prisons in pavia, while Jews in other areas have been sent to gas chambers. Himmler, the leader of the SS, was also a member of the Committee for Strengthening the German National Empire. He is in charge of this operation, and his task is to secretly transport as many Germans as possible back to China. Himmler especially benefited from the descendants of the Templar Knights Templar of Wü rttemberg who moved to Palestine in 1868. Himmler intends to transfer these 2000 Germans to Crimea. In his view, under the scorching sun of Palestine, will this precious German blood be destroyed? . He suggested to the British, who were entrusted by the League of Nations to administer Palestine, that in exchange, the Nazis would release the Jews who held the trust zone passports.